Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic

The Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы, Türkmenistan Sowet Sotsialistik Respublikasy; Russian: Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Turkmenskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known as Soviet Turkmenistan, the Turkmen SSR, Turkmenistan, or Turkmenia, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union located in Central Asia existed as a republic from 1925 to 1991. Initially, on 7 August 1921, it was established as the Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR before being made, on 13 May 1925, a separate republic of the USSR as the Turkmen SSR.

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Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы (Turkmen) Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика (Russian)
1925–1991
Flag (1973–1991) State emblem (1978–1991)
Motto: Әхли юртларың пролетарлары, бирлешиң! (Turkmen) Ähli ýurtlaryň proletarlary, birleşiň! (transliteration) "Proletarians of all nations, unite!"
Anthem: Түркменистан Совет Социалистик Республикасы Дөвлет Гимни Türkmenistan Sowet Sosialistik Respublikasy Döwlet Gimni "State Anthem of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic"
Location of Turkmenia (red) within the Soviet Union
Status	Soviet socialist republic
Capital	Ashkhabad
Common languages	Turkmen · Russian
Religion	State atheism
Government	Unitary Marxist-Leninist single-party Soviet socialist republic (1925–1990) Unitary presidential republic (1990–1991)
First Secretary
• 1924–1926 (first)	Ivan Mezhlauk
• 1985–1991 (last)	Saparmurat Niyazov
Head of government
• 1925–1937 (first)	Kaikhaziz Atabayev
• 1989–1991 (last)	Khan Akhmedov
Legislature	Supreme Soviet
History
• Turkmen Oblast of the Turkestan ASSR	7 August 1921
• Republic proclaimed	13 May 1925
• Sovereignty declared	22 August 1990
• Independence declared	27 October 1991
• Independence recognized	26 December 1991
GDP (PPP)	1990 estimate
• Total	$26.554 billion[1]
Currency	Soviet rouble (Rbl) (SUR)
Calling code	7 360/363/370/378/432
Preceded by Succeeded by Turkestan ASSR Khorezm PSR Bukharan PSR Turkmenistan
Today part of	Turkmenistan

Part of a series on the
History of Turkmenistan
Antiquity Ancient history Jeitun culture Gonur Depe Oxus civilization Massagetae Median Empire Achaemenid Empire Seleucid Empire Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Parthian dynasty Kushan Empire Proto-Turks Sassanian Empire Kidarite Kingdom Hephthalite Empire
Middle Ages Islamic period Rashidun Caliphate Umayyads Abbasids Tahirids Saffarids Samanids Oghuz Turkomans Ghaznavid Empire Seljuk Turkomans Khwarazmians Mongol conquest Chagatai Khanate Ilkhanate Karts Timurids
Early modern history Khanate of Khiva Emirate of Bukhara Safavid Iran Turkmenistan in the 16th and 17th centuries Afsharid Iran Qajar Iran
Modern history Russian conquest and the Great Game Transcaspian Oblast October Revolution and Civil War Soviet rule Turkmenistan SSR After Independence
Related historical regions Hyrcania Sogdia Margiana Greater Iran Greater Khorasan Khwarazm Transcaspia Turkmenia
Turkmenistan portal
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Since then the borders of the Turkmenia were unchanged. On 22 August 1990, Turkmenia declared its sovereignty over Soviet laws. On 27 October 1991, it became independent as Turkmenistan.

Geographically, Turkmenia was bordered between Iran, Afghanistan to the south, Caspian Sea to the west, the Kazakh SSR to the north and the Uzbek SSR to the east.