1010s

The 1010s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1010, and ended on December 31, 1019.

1010

This section is transcluded from 1010. (edit | history)

By place

Africa

• The Nile river in Egypt freezes over.^[1]

Asia

• The Lý dynasty is established in Vietnam (or 1009), and moves the capital to Thăng Long (modern-day Hanoi).
• Second conflict in the Goryeo–Khitan War: The Goryeo king is unseated in a revolt, resulting in an invasion by the Liao dynasty, and the burning of the Korean capital Gaegyeong.
• Song Zhun of Song dynasty China completes the work of the earlier geographer Lu Duosun, an enormous atlas of China that is written and illustrated in 1,556 chapters, showing maps of each region, city, town, and village (the atlas took 39 years to complete).
• In the Chola dynasty of southern India, the first votes are celebrated by adding a ballot in an urn.

Japan

• January – Fujiwara no Kenshi (daughter of Michinaga) is married to the imperial heir Crown Prince Okisada.
• February 14 – On the death of Fujiwara no Korechika his daughter, the poet Fujiwara no Chikako, becomes a lady-in-waiting to Empress Shōshi.
• Emperor Ichijō wants to retire – the influential statesman Fujiwara no Michinaga supports Crown Prince Okisada (now his son-in-law), who will be the successor, but the emperor prefers his eldest son by the late Empress Teishi, Prince Atsuyasu, who has been raised by Empress Shōshi, who also supports her stepson, leading to conflict at court.

American

• Viking explorer Thorfinn Karlsefni attempts to found a settlement in North America (approximate date).

Europe

• June 2 – Fitna of al-Andalus – Battle of Aqbat al-Bakr: The Caliphate of Córdoba is defeated. Allied to Muslim rebels, Ramon Borrell, Count of Barcelona sacks Córdoba,^[2] and Hisham II the Nephast is restored as Umayyad caliph of Córdoba, succeeding Muhammad II al-Mahdi.
• The Russian city of Yaroslavl is founded, as an outpost of the principality of Rostov Veliky.

By topic

Art

• The construction of Brihadisvara Temple in Thanjavur (a city now in Tamil Nadu, India) is completed during the Chola dynasty, and at about this time the wall painting Rajaraja I and His Teacher

Literature

• March 8 – Persian poet Ferdowsi finishes writing the Shahnameh (Book of Kings), which will be regarded as the national epic of the greater Iranian culture.
• Lady Murasaki writes The Tale of Genji in Japanese (approximate date).
• Beowulf is written anonymously in Old English (approximate date).

Technology

• Eilmer of Malmesbury in England attempts flight in a glider of his own construction.
• The 217 ft (66 m) tall Brihadisvara Temple is completed.

Significant people

• Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis)
• Abu Nasr Mansur
• Abu Rayhan al-Biruni
• Alhacen (Ibn al-Haytham)
• Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
• Basil II
• Boleslaus I
• Canute
• Fujiwara no Michinaga
• Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
• Malcolm II of Scotland
• Al-Qadir caliph of Baghdad
• Sweyn I

Births

Transcluding articles: 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, and 1019

1010

• May 30 – Zhao Zhen, Emperor Renzong of the Song dynasty (d. 1063)
• Adalbero, bishop of Würzburg (approximate date)
• Adalbero III of Luxembourg, German nobleman (d. 1072)
• Akkadevi, princess of the Chalukya dynasty (d. 1064)
• Anno II, archbishop of Cologne (approximate date)
• Arialdo, Italian nobleman and deacon (approximate date)
• Benno, bishop of Meissen (approximate date)
• Eberhard, archbishop of Trier (approximate date)
• Eleanor of Normandy, countess of Flanders (d. 1077)
• Gebhard, archbishop of Salzburg (approximate date)
• Gomes Echigues, Portuguese knight and governor (d. 1065)
• Honorius II, antipope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)
• John V of Gaeta, Italian nobleman (approximate date)
• Michael IV the Paphlagonian, Byzantine emperor (d. 1041)
• Odo (or Eudes), Gascon nobleman (approximate date)
• Otloh of Sankt Emmeram, German monk (approximate date)
• Siegfried I, German nobleman (approximate date)
• Tunka Manin, ruler of the Ghana Empire (d. 1078)

1011

• Jōjin, Japanese Tendai monk (d. 1081)
• Ralph the Staller, English nobleman (d. 1068)
• Robert I (the Old), duke of Burgundy (d. 1076)
• Shao Yong, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (d. 1077)
• Yaghi Siyan, Seljuk governor of Antioch (d. 1098)

1012

• August 19 – Baldwin V, count of Flanders (d. 1067)
• Benedict IX, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)
• Cai Xiang, Chinese calligrapher, official and poet (d. 1067)
• Durandus of Troarn, French theologian (approximate date)
• García Sánchez III, king of Pamplona (approximate date)
• Guo, Chinese empress of the Song dynasty (d. 1035)
• Maria Dobroniega of Kiev, duchess of Poland (d. 1087)
• Marpa Lotsawa, Tibetan Buddhist teacher (d. 1097)
• Rongzom Mahapandita, Tibetan Buddhist scholar (d. 1088)
• Theobald III of Blois, French nobleman (d. 1089)

1013

• July 18 – Hermann of Reichenau, German music theorist (d. 1054)
• August 15 – Teishi (Yōmeimon-in), Japanese empress consort (d. 1094)
• September 22 – Richeza (or Adelaide), queen of Hungary (d. 1075)
• Abu al-Walid al-Baji, Moorish scholar and poet (d. 1081)
• Guaimar IV of Salerno, Italian nobleman (approximate date)
• Isaac Alfasi, Algerian Talmudist and posek (d. 1103)

1014

• May 11 – Anawrahta, founder of the Pagan Empire (Burma) (d. 1077)
• Al-Bakri, Andalusian historian and geographer (d. 1094)
• Cynan ab Iago, king of Gwynedd (approximate date)
• Iestyn ap Gwrgant, king of Morgannwg (d. 1093)

1015

• Andrew I ("the Catholic"), king of Hungary (d. 1060)
• Altmann, bishop of Passau (approximate date)
• Ermesinda of Bigorre, queen of Aragon (d. 1049)
• Eustace II, count of Boulogne (approximate date)
• Ferdinand I, king of León and Castile (d. 1065)
• Frozza Orseolo, margravine of Austria (d. 1071)
• Harald Hardrada, king of Norway (d. 1066)
• Herman IV, duke of Swabia (approximate date)
• John Komnenos, Byzantine aristocrat (d. 1067)
• Michael V Kalaphates, Byzantine emperor (d. 1042)
• Otto II, margrave of Montferrat (approximate date)
• Robert Guiscard, Norman nobleman (d. 1085)
• Roger de Beaumont, Norman nobleman (d. 1094)

1016

• April 3 – Xing Zong, emperor of the Liao dynasty (d. 1055)
• June 9 – Deokjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1034)
• July 25 – Casimir I the Restorer, duke of Poland (d. 1058)
• August 24 – Fujiwara no Genshi, Japanese empress (d. 1039)
• October 28 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)
• Cao, empress and regent of Song dynasty China (d. 1079)
• Edward the Exile, son of Edmund II of England (d. 1057)
• Không Lộ, Vietnamese Zen master (approximate date)
• Minamoto no Tsunenobu, Japanese nobleman (d. 1097)
• Svein Knutsson, king of Norway (d. 1035)
• Yan Vyshatich, Kievan nobleman (d. 1106)

1017

• October 28 – Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1056)^[25]
• Ahimaaz ben Paltiel, Italian-Jewish liturgical poet (d. 1060)
• Bermudo III (or Vermudo), king of León (approximate date)
• Floris I, count of Friesland west of the Vlie (approximate date)
• Ramanuja, Indian Sri Vaishnavism philosopher (d. 1137)
• Vikramabahu (Kassapa VI), king of Sri Lanka (d. 1041)
• Zhou Dunyi, Chinese philosopher and cosmologist (d. 1073)

1018

• April 10 – Nizam al-Mulk, Persian scholar and vizier (d. 1092)
• August 31 – Jeongjong II, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1046)
• Abul Hasan Hankari, Abbasid scholar and jurist (d. 1093)
• Bagrat IV, Georgian king of the Bagrationi dynasty (d. 1072)
• Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Burgundy (d. 1076)
• Harthacnut (or Cnut III), king of Denmark (d. 1042)
• Michael Psellos, Byzantine monk and philosopher (approximate date)
• Richilde, countess and regent of Flanders (d. 1086)
• Victor II, pope of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1057)

1019

• November 17 – Sima Guang, Chinese politician and writer (d. 1086)
• December 29 – Munjong, ruler of Goryeo (Korea) (d. 1083)
• Abe no Sadato, Japanese nobleman and samurai (d. 1062)
• Dominic de la Calzada, Spanish priest and saint (d. 1109)
• Gundekar II (or Gunzo), bishop of Eichstätt (d. 1075)
• Mauger (or Malger), archbishop of Rouen (d. 1055)
• Śrīpati, Indian astronomer and mathematician (d. 1066)
• Sweyn II (Estridsson), king of Denmark (approximate date)
• Wang Gui, Chinese official and chancellor (d. 1085)
• Wen Tong, Chinese painter and calligrapher (d. 1079)
• Yūsuf Balasaguni, Karakhanid statesman (d. 1085)
• Zeng Gong, Chinese scholar and historian (d. 1083)

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1010, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, and 1019

1010

• February 14 – Fujiwara no Korechika, Japanese nobleman (b. 974)
• Ælfric of Eynsham, English abbot and scholar (approximate date)
• Abu'l-Nasr Muhammad, Farighunid ruler (approximate date)
• Aimoin, French monk and chronicler (approximate date)
• Aisha, Andalusian poet and writer (approximate date)
• Cathal mac Conchobar mac Taidg, king of Connacht
• Ermengol I (or Armengol), count of Urgell (b. 974)
• John Kourkouas, Byzantine catepan (approximate date)
• Maelsuthan Ua Cerbhail, Irish advisor and chronicler
• Vijayanandi, Indian mathematician (approximate date)

1011

• February 9 – Bernard I, German nobleman
• February 23 – Willigis, archbishop of Mainz
• July 25 – Ichijō, emperor of Japan (b. 980)
• November 5 – Mathilde, German abbess (b. 949)
• November 21 – Reizei, emperor of Japan (b. 950)
• Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ustadh-Hurmuz, Buyid general
• Albert I, count of Namur (approximate date)
• Anna Porphyrogenita, Grand Princess of Kiev
• Boniface, Italian nobleman (approximate date)
• Conrad I, duke of Carinthia (approximate date)
• Mahendradatta, queen of Bali (b. 961)
• Muhammad ibn Suri, Ghurid ruler (malik)
• Sumbat III, Georgian prince of Tao-Klarjeti
• Uma no Naishi, Japanese waka poet (b. 949)

1012

• April 1 – Herman III, duke of Swabia
• April 19 – Ælfheah, archbishop of Canterbury
• May 12 – Sergius IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 970)
• May 26 – Erluin II, monk and abbot of Gembloux
• June 9
  • Tagino, archbishop of Magdeburg
  • Unger, bishop of Poznań
• August 12 – Walthard, archbishop of Magdeburg
• September 12 – Ad-Da'i Yusuf, Zaidi imam and ruler
• October 18 – Coloman of Stockerau, Irish pilgrim
• December 22 – Baha' al-Dawla, Buyid emir of Iraq
• Erluin, archdeacon and bishop of Cambrai
• Gaston II Centule, viscount of Béarn
• Gundemaro Pinióliz, Spanish nobleman
• Guy of Anderlecht (or Guido), Christian saint
• Ibn Faradi, Moorish scholar and historian (b. 962)
• John II Crescentius, consul and patrician of Rome
• John Morosini (the Blessed), Venetian abbot
• Otto, duke of Lower Lorraine (approximate date)
• Qabus, Ziyarid emir of Gorgan and Tabaristan
• Roger I, count of Carcassonne (approximate date)
• Tedald of Canossa, Italian nobleman

1013

• April 19 – Hisham II, caliph of Córdoba (Spain) (b. 966)
• June 5 – Al-Baqillani, Arab theologian, jurist and logician
• c. August – Mufarrij ibn Daghfal ibn al-Jarrah, Jarrahid emir (b. c. 977)
• Al-Mahdi al-Husayn, Zaidi imam of Yemen (b. 987)
• Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, Arab physician, "father of surgery", author of Al-Tasrif (b. 936)
• Giselbert I, count of Roussillon (Spain) (or 1004)
• Reginar IV, French nobleman (approximate date)

1014

• February 3 – Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark and England (b. 960)
• February 9 – Yang Yanzhao, general of the Song dynasty
• April 23 – Battle of Clontarf:
  • Brian Boru, High King of Ireland
  • Carnen Ua Cadhla, Irish nobleman
  • Mathghamhain, Irish nobleman
  • Murchad mac Briain, Irish nobleman
  • Sigurd the Stout, Viking nobleman (earl)
  • Tadhg Mór Ua Cellaigh, king of Uí Maine
• May 7 – Bagrat III, king of Abkhazia (Georgia)
• June 25 – Æthelstan Ætheling, son of Æthelred the Unready
• August – Pandulf II ("the Old"), prince of Benevento and Capua
• October 6 – Samuel, emperor (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire
• November 11 – Werner, margrave of the North March
• November 26 – Swanehilde, German noblewoman
• Abu'l-Abbas ibn al-Furat, Fatimid vizier (or 1015)
• Al-Hakim Nishapuri, Persian Sunni scholar (b. 933)
• Raja Raja Chola I, king of the Chola dynasty. (India)
• Brithwine I, bishop of Sherborne (approximate date)
• Giselbert I, count of Roussillon (Spain) (or 1013)
• Lu Zhen, Chinese scholar-official and diplomat
• Rotbold II, margrave of Provence (approximate date)
• Theophylact Botaneiates, Byzantine general and governor
• Wulfnoth Cild, English nobleman (approximate date)

1015

• February 5 – Adelaide, German abbess and saint
• February 13 – Gilbert of Meaux, French bishop
• July 15 – Vladimir the Great, Grand Prince of Kiev
• September 1 – Gero II, margrave of the Saxon Ostmark
• September 12 – Lambert I, count of Louvain (b. 950)
• December 14 – Arduin of Ivrea, king of Italy (b. 955)
• December 20 – Eido I, bishop of Meissen (b. 955)
• date unknown
  • Æthelmær the Stout, English ealdorman
  • Al-Sharif al-Radi, Persian Shi'ite scholar (b. 970)
  • Gavril Radomir, emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria
  • Geoffrey (or Godfrey), count of Eu (b. 962)
  • Herbert III, count of Vermandois (b. 953)
  • Hugh III, count of Maine (approximate date)
  • Ibn Furak, Muslim imam and theologian (b. 941)
  • Irene of Larissa, empress (tsarina) of Bulgaria
  • Liu Zong, Chinese official of the Song Dynasty
  • Masawaih al-Mardini, Syrian physician and writer
  • Morcar (or Morkere), English minister (thegn)
  • Owain ap Dyfnwal, king of Strathclyde (Scotland)
  • Rodulf of Ivry, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
  • Sigeferth (or Sigefrith), English chief minister
  • Vikramaditya V, Indian ruler of the Chalukya Empire

1016

• April 23 – Æthelred the Unready, king of England
• May 22 – Jovan Vladimir, Serbian prince (b. 990)
• September 6 – Fujiwara no Bokushi, great-grandmother of the Emperor of Japan
• October 18
  • Ælfric of Hampshire, English nobleman
  • Eadnoth the Younger, bishop of Dorchester in England
  • Ulfcytel Snillingr, English nobleman
• November 30 – Edmund II "Ironside", king of England
• Badis ibn Mansur, Muslim emir of the Zirid dynasty
• Henry II "the Good", count of Stade (b. 946)
• Liu Chenggui, official of Song dynasty China (b. 951)
• Simeon of Mantua, Armenian Benedictine monk
• Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, caliph of Córdoba
• Uhtred the Bold, English nobleman
• Wulfgar of Abingdon, English abbot

1017

• February 5 – Sancho García, count of Castile
• June 5 – Sanjō, ex-emperor of Japan (b. 976)
• June 22 – Leo Passianos, Byzantine general
• July 6 – Genshin, Japanese Tendai scholar (b. 942)
• September 18 – Henry of Schweinfurt, German nobleman
• October 6 – Wang Dan, Chinese Grand Chancellor
• Eadric Streona, ealdorman of Mercia
• Eadwig Ætheling, son of Æthelred II
• Elvira of Castile, queen consort of León
• Emnilda, duchess consort of Poland
• Fujiwara no Junshi, Japanese empress (b. 957)
• Judith of Brittany, duchess of Normandy (b. 982)
• Ma'mun II, Ma'munid ruler of Khwarezm
• Ramon Borrell, count of Barcelona (b. 972)
• Renaud of Vendôme, French nobleman

1018

• February 24 – Borrell, bishop of Vic (Spain)
• February 25 – Arnulf II, archbishop of Milan
• March 22 – Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir, caliph of Córdoba
• June 23 – Henry I ("the Strong"), margrave of Austria
• July 7 – Gerberga of Burgundy, duchess of Swabia
• September 25 – Berthold of Toul, German bishop
• October 1
  • Gilbert Buatère, Norman nobleman
  • Osmond Drengot, Norman nobleman
• December 1 – Thietmar, bishop of Merseburg (b. 975)
• Abd al-Rahman IV, Umayyad caliph of Córdoba
• Aeddan ap Blegywryd, king of Gwynedd
• Adolf I of Lotharingia, German nobleman
• Aldhun, bishop of Lindisfarne (or 1019)
• Dragomir, ruler of Travunia and Zachlumia
• Harald II, king and regent of Denmark
• Ivan Vladislav, emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria
• Frederick, German nobleman (b. 974)

1019

• June 28 – Heimerad (or Heimo), German priest and saint
• October 6 – Frederick of Luxembourg, count of Moselgau (b. 965)
• Aldhun (or Ealdhun), bishop of Lindisfarne (or 1018)
• Sergius II (the Studite), patriarch of Constantinople
• Sviatopolk I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 980)