1430s - Wikiwand

The 1430s decade ran from January 1, 1430, to December 31, 1439.

1430

January–March

January 7 – Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, marries Isabella of Portugal.
January 10 – Philip the Good founds the Order of the Golden Fleece.
February 6 – The Hussite General Andreas Prokop signs a treaty with Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg at Kulmbach, agreeing to withdraw Hussite troops entirely from Germany. ^[1]
February 23 – King Henry VI of England gives royal assent to numerous bills passed by the English Parliament, including the Treason Act 1429 (which makes sending an extortion letter a felony, and the burning of a house as retaliation for nonpayment of money an act of treason. Additionally, assent is given to the Forcible Entry Act 1429, the Electors of Knights of the Shires Act 1429, and the Weights and Measures Act 1429.^[2]
March 29 – The Ottoman Empire, led by the Sultan Murad II, captures Thessalonica in Greece after an eight-year siege.^[3]

April–June

April 28 – The Hussites defeat Hungarian and Serbian troops in the Battle of Nagyszombat in an invasion of the Kingdom of Hungary near Nagyszombat (now Trnava in Slovakia).^[4]
May 14 – The French first attempt to relieve the Siege of Compiègne.
May 23 – Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundian troops, led by John II, Count of Ligny, while leading an army to relieve Compiègne.^[5] After her surrender to Lyonnel de Wandomme, she is turned over to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, and incarcerated at the castle of Beaulieu-les-Fontaines.
June 14 – William Waynflete becomes vicar of Skendleby, Lincolnshire.

July–September

July 3 – In the Bavarian town of Lindau, 15 Jewish residents are burned at the stake after being accused of murdering a Christian child.^[6]
July 11 – Battle of Trnava: The Hussites defeat the Hungarian-Moravian-Serbian army.
August 23 – Pope Martin V, writing in the papal brief Ad statum, grants recognition to the Order of Friars Minor Conventual, allowing them the right to hold property.^[7]
September 4 – the Republic of Venice signs a treaty with the Ottoman Empire to end the eight-year war between the two nations after the Ottoman capture of Thessalonica, replacing the previous agreement of 1419.^[8]

October–December

October 27 – Vytautas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, dies shortly after the cancellation of plans to crown him as King of Lithuania.^[9] His cousin Švitrigaila is elected unanimously by the Lithuanian nobles as the new Grand Duke, violating an agreement with the Kingdom of Poland that the Polish nobles would be able to participate in the election.
November 16 – (1st waxing of Natdaw 792 ME) In Burma, Min Saw Mon, King of Arakan, moves the capital from Launggyet to the nearby, but more strategically located, city of Mrauk-U.^[10]
November 21 – Joan of Arc is sold by the Burgundians to the Kingdom of England for 10,000 livre tournois, equivalent to 808.8 kg (28,530 oz or 1,783.1 lbs) of silver.^[11]
November 27 – King Henry VI summons members of Parliament to assemble on January 12.
December 23 – Seven months after her capture at Compiegne, Joan of Arc is moved from the castle of Le Crotoy to the tower at the Rouen Castle.^[12]

Date unknown

With the surrender of Chalandritsa and the citadel of Patras to the Byzantine Despotate of the Morea, the Principality of Achaea comes to an end.
Bratislava Castle is converted to a fortress under Sigismund of Luxembourg.

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Significant people

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Births

1430

March 10 – Oliviero Carafa, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1511)
March 23 – Margaret of Anjou, queen of Henry VI of England (d. 1482)^[181]
June 13 – Beatrice, Duchess of Viseu, Portuguese infante (d. 1506)
June 27 – Henry Holland, 3rd Duke of Exeter, Lancastrian leader during the English Wars of the Roses (d. 1475)
October 16 – King James II of Scotland (d. 1460) and his twin Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (d. 1430)
October 28 – Richard West, 7th Baron De La Warr, English soldier, son of Reginald West (d. 1475)
November 11 – Jošt of Rožmberk, Bishop of Breslau, Grand Prior of the Order of St. John (d. 1467)
date unknown
- Hosokawa Katsumoto, Japanese warlord
- Barbara von Ottenheim, German alleged witch and sculpture model (d. 1484)
- Isabel Bras Williamson, Scottish merchant (d. 1493)
- Joana de Castre, Catalan noble (d. 1480)
probable – Heinrich Kramer, German churchman and inquisitor (d. 1505)
approximate – Clara Hätzlerin, German scribe (d. 1476)

1431

January 1 – Pope Alexander VI (d. 1503)^[182]
October 26 – Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian politician (d. 1505)
November or December – Vlad III the Impaler, Prince of Wallachia (d. 1476)
date unknown
- William Elphinstone, Scottish statesman (d. 1514)
- Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia (d. 1473)
- Ladislaus Hunyadi, Hungarian statesman and warrior (d. 1457)
probable
- William Hastings, 1st Baron Hastings (d. 1483)
- John Neville, 1st Marquess of Montagu, English politician (d. 1471)
- François Villon, French poet
- Vlad III, Prince of Wallachia, A member of the House of Drăculești, as well as the Voivode of Wallachia 1456-1462

1432

January 15 – King Afonso V of Portugal (d. 1481)
March 1 – Isabella of Coimbra, Portuguese infanta (d. 1455)
March 2 – Countess Palatine Margaret of Mosbach, Countess consort of Hanau (d. 1457)
March 30 – Mehmed II, the Conqueror, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1481)
April 12 – Anne of Austria, Landgravine of Thuringia, consort of William III, Landgrave of Thuringia (d. 1462)
August 15 – Luigi Pulci, Italian poet (d. 1484)
date unknown – Pope Innocent VIII (d. 1492)
probable – Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (d. 1488)

1433

August 31 – Sigismondo d'Este, Italian nobleman (d. 1507)
September 17 – James of Portugal, Portuguese cardinal (d. 1459)^[183]
September 24 – Shekha of Amarsar, Rajput chieftain (d. 1488)
September 27 – Stanisław Kazimierczyk, Polish canon regular and saint (d. 1489)^[184]
October 19 – Marsilio Ficino, Florentine philosopher (d. 1499)^[185]
November 10
- Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1477)^[186]
- Jeanne de Laval, French noble, queen consort of Naples (d. 1498)^[187]
date unknown
- Stephen III of Moldavia, prince from 1457 (d. 1504)^[188]
- Giovanni Giocondo, Veronese-born friar, architect and classical scholar (d. 1515)^[189]
probable – Kettil Karlsson, regent of Sweden from 1464 (d. 1465)

1434

January 7 – Adolf, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1441)
March 12 – William III, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen (d. 1480)
March 19 – Ashikaga Yoshikatsu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1443)
March 25 – Eustochia Smeralda Calafato, Italian saint (d. 1485)
June 13 – Cristoforo della Rovere, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1478)
September 18 – Eleanor of Portugal, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1467)^[190]
September 23 – Yolande of Valois, Duchess consort of Savoy (d. 1478)
December 28 – Antonio Grimani, Italian admiral (d. 1523)
probable
- Isabella of Bourbon, Burgundian countess, spouse of Charles the Bold (d. 1465)
- Matteo Maria Boiardo, Italian poet (d. 1494)
- Kano Masanobu, Japanese painter (d. 1530)

1435

January 20 – Ashikaga Yoshimasa, shōgun (d. 1490)
February 1 – Amadeus IX, Duke of Savoy (d. 1472)
April 8 – John Clifford, 9th Baron de Clifford, English noble (d. 1461)
April 16 – Jan II the Mad, Duke of Żagań (1439–1449 and 1461–1468 and again in 1472) (d. 1504)
May 4 – Joan of France, Duchess of Bourbon, French princess (d. 1482)
October 24 – Andrea della Robbia, Italian artist (d. 1525)
date unknown
- Yoshida Kanetomo, Shinto priest (d. 1511)^[191]
- Jean Molinet, French poet and chronicler (d. 1507)
- Kim Si-sŭp, Korean scholar and author (d. 1493)
- Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Pomerania (d. 1497)
- Thomas Stanley, 1st Earl of Derby (d. 1504)^[192]
probable
- Johannes Tinctoris, Flemish music theorist and composer (approximate date; d. 1511)
- Andrea del Verrocchio, Florentine sculptor (approximate date; d. 1488)

1436

January 20 – Ashikaga Yoshimasa, Japanese shōgun (d. 1490)
January 26 – Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, Lancastrian military commander during the English Wars of the Roses (d. 1464)
February 26 – Imagawa Yoshitada, 9th head of the Imagawa clan in Japan (d. 1476)
April 4 – Amalia of Saxony, Duchess of Bavaria-Landshut (d. 1501)
June 6 – Regiomontanus, German astronomer (d. 1476)
November 5 – Richard Grey, 3rd Earl of Tankerville, English nobleman, attainted as a Yorkist supporter during the Wars of the Roses (d. 1466)
November 16 – Leonardo Loredan, Doge of Venice (d. 1521)
November 26 – Princess Catherine of Portugal, nun and writer (d. 1463)
date unknown
- Sheikh Hamdullah, Anatolian Islamic calligrapher (d. 1520)
- Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish cardinal and statesman (d. 1517)
- Hernando del Pulgar, Spanish writer (d. c. 1492)
- Abi Ahmet Celebi, chief physician of the Ottoman Empire (writer of a study on kidney and bladder stones; supporter of the research of Jewish doctor Musa Colinus ul-Israil on the application of drugs; founder of the first Ottoman medical school)

1437

March 7 – Anna of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1512)
April 30 – János Thurzó, Hungarian businessman (d. 1508)
July 22 – John Scrope, 5th Baron Scrope of Bolton, English Baron (d. 1498)
October 4 – John IV, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1463)
date unknown – Isaac Abravanel, Jewish statesman (d. 1508)
probable – Elizabeth Woodville, Queen consort of King Edward IV of England (d. 1492)

1438

February 5
- Margaret of Bourbon, French noble (d. 1483)
- Philip II, Duke of Savoy (d. 1497)
February 12 – Adolf, Duke of Guelders and Count of Zutphen (1465–1471) (d. 1477)
March 23 – Ludovico II, Marquess of Saluzzo, Italian noble (d. 1504)
April 3 – John III of Egmont, Dutch noble (d. 1516)
September 7 – Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse (1458–1471) (d. 1471)
December 1 – Peter II, Duke of Bourbon, son of Charles I (d. 1503)
date unknown – Husayn Bayqarah, Timurid ruler of Herat (d. 1506)
probable – Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset, English nobleman and military commander during the Wars of the Roses (d. 1471)^[193]

1439

March 3 – Ashikaga Yoshimi, brother of Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshimasa (d. 1491)
April 3 – Ludwig II, Count of Württemberg-Urach, German noble (d. 1457)
May 29 – Pope Pius III (d. 1503)
July 18 – John V, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg, German duke (d. 1507)
July 26 – Sigismund, Duke of Bavaria, member of the Wittelsbach dynasty (d. 1501)
August 10 – Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter, Duchess of York, second child of Richard Plantagenet (d. 1476)^[194]
date unknown – Hua Sui, Chinese inventor and printer (d. 1513)

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Deaths

1430

January 5 – Philippa of England, queen consort of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (b. 1394)^[195]
January 29 or 1427 – Andrei Rublev, Russian iconographer (possible date; b. 1360)
April 18 – John III, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count^[196]
August 4 – Philip I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1404)
August 18 – Thomas de Ros, 8th Baron de Ros, English soldier and politician (b. 1406)
October 27 – Vytautas, Grand Prince of Lithuania (b. 1352)
date unknown
- Thomas FitzAlan, English noble
- Christine de Pizan, Italian proto-feminist writer (b. 1364)^[197]

1431

January 25 – Charles II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1364)
February 20 – Pope Martin V (b. 1368)^[198]
April 1 – Nuno Álvares Pereira, Portuguese general and religious figure
April 5 – Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden (b. 1364)
April 19 – Adolph III, Count of Waldeck (b. 1362)
May 30 – Joan of Arc, French soldier and saint (b. c. 1412)
September 6 – Demetrios Laskaris Leontares, Byzantine soldier and statesman
December 8 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Polish and Lithuanian princess (b. 1408)
date unknown
- Makhdoom Ali Mahimi, Indian Sufi mystic
- Stanisław of Skarbimierz, Polish theologian (b. 1360)
- Violant of Bar, queen regent of Aragon (b. 1365)^[199]

1432

January 1 – Alexandru cel Bun, Prince of Moldavia
January 22 – John of Schoonhoven, Flemish theologian (b. 1356)
May 5 – Francesco Bussone da Carmagnola, Italian adventurer (executed)
May 19 – Joan of Valois, Duchess of Alençon, French duchess (b. 1409)
June 1 – Dan II, former Prince of Wallachia (killed in battle against Ottomans)
June 13 – Uko Fockena, East Frisian chieftain (b. c. 1408)
June 29 – Janus of Cyprus (b. 1375)
October 19 – John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
November 14 – Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford (b. 1404)
date unknown
- Gyaltsab Je, throne holder of the Gelug tradition of Buddhism (b. 1364)
- Art Mac Cathmhaoil, Bishop of Clogher
- Centurione II Zaccaria, last Prince of Achaea, Baron of Arcadia

1433

April 14 – Lidwina, Dutch saint (b. 1380)^[200]
May 9 – King Min Saw Mon of Arakan
August 14 – King John I of Portugal (b. 1357)^[201]
August 30 – Peter I, Count of Saint-Pol (b. 1390)^[202]
September – Zweder van Culemborg, Bishop of Utrecht (birth year unknown)^[203]
September 28 – Přemek I, Duke of Opava (b. c.1365)^[204]
December 1 – Emperor Go-Komatsu, the 100th emperor of Japan (b. 1377)^[205]

1434

January – John I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1381)^[206]
April 20 – Alexandra of Lithuania, Duchess of Masovia
May 30 – Prokop the Great, Hussite general (b. 1380)
June – Amda Iyasus, Emperor of Ethiopia^[207]
June 1 – King Wladislaus II of Poland (age unknown)^[208]
June 5 – Yuri IV, Russian grand prince (b. 1374)
November 12 – King Louis III of Anjou (b. 1403)

1435

January 31 – Xuande Emperor of China (b. 1399)
February 2 – Queen Joanna II of Naples (b. 1371)^[209]
March 27 – Spytek z Tarnowa i Jarosławia, Polish nobleman
June 12 – John FitzAlan, 14th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (b. 1408)
September 9 – Sir Robert Harling, English knight under the Duke of Bedford
September 14 – John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, regent of England (b. 1389)^[210]
September 24 – Isabeau of Bavaria, queen of Charles VI of France
September 27 – Savvatiy, Russian monastery founder
October 9 – Paweł Włodkowic, Polish scholar (b. 1370)
October 13 – Hermann II of Celje, Ban of Croatia
December 30 – Bonne of Berry, Regent of Savoy (b. 1362)
date unknown – Abd al-Qadir Maraghi, musician and artist

1436

Winter – Alexander I Aldea, Prince of Wallachia (probably of illness) (b.1397)
May 4 – Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (murdered) (b. c. 1390)^[211]
October 8 – Jacqueline, Countess of Hainaut, Dutch sovereign (b. 1401)
December 30 – Louis III, Elector Palatine (b. 1378)
date unknown – Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī, Persian mathematician (b. 1364)

1437

January 3 – Catherine of Valois, queen of Henry V of England (b. 1401)^[212]
January 22 – Niccolò de' Niccoli, Italian Renaissance humanist (b. 1364)
February 21 – King James I of Scotland (b. 1394) (murdered)
March 26 – Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl, Scottish nobleman and regicide (executed)
June 10 – Joan of Navarre, Queen of England (b. 1370)
November 20 – Thomas Langley, cardinal bishop of Durham and lord chancellor of England (b. 1363)
December 9 – Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1368)
date unknown – John II Stanley of the Isle of Man

1438

April 24 – Humphrey FitzAlan, 15th Earl of Arundel (b. 1429)
September 9 – Edward, King of Portugal (b. 1391)
October 16 – Anne of Gloucester, English noblewoman (b. 1383)
October 20 – Jacopo della Quercia, Sienese sculptor (b. c. 1374)

1439

April 30 – Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, English military leader (b. 1382)^[213]
June 24 – Duke Frederick IV of Austria (b. 1382)
September 12 – Sidi El Houari, Algerian imam (b. 1350)
October 20 – Ambrose the Camaldulian, Italian theologian
October 27 – Albert II of Germany, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1397)^[214]
December 30 – Margaret Holland, English noblewoman (b. 1385)^[215]

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