1590s - Wikiwand

The 1590s decade ran from January 1, 1590, to December 31, 1599.

1590

January–March

January 6 – García Hurtado de Mendoza becomes the new Viceroy of Peru (nominally including most of South America except for Brazil). He will serve until 1596.^[1]
January 10 – Construction of the Fortezza Nuova around the city of Livorno begins in Italy in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany on the orders of Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and continues for more than 14 years.
January 25 – Luis de Velasco y Castilla, Marquess of Salinas, becomes the new Viceroy of New Spain, a colony comprising most of Central America, Mexico and what is now a large part of the southwestern United States. Velasco will govern until 1595, and then again from 1607 to 1611.^[2]
February 3 – Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, the German-born commander of the Spanish Imperial Army captures the German fortress of Rheinberg after a four-year long siege during the Eighty Years' War.^[3]
March 4 – Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, takes Breda, by concealing 68 of his best men in a peat-boat, to get through the impregnable defenses.
March 14 – Battle of Ivry: Henry IV of France again defeats the forces of the Catholic League, under Charles, Duke of Mayenne.^[4]
March 21 – The Treaty of Constantinople is signed between the Ottoman Empire (in modern-day Turkey) and the Safavid Empire (modern-day Iran), ending a 12-year war between the two nations.^[5]

April–June

April 4 – The Cortes of Castile approves a new subsidy, the millones.^[6]
April 24 – Ten armed English merchant vessels of the Levant Company are intercepted by 12 galleys of the Spanish Navy while attempting to pass through the Straits of Gibraltar after trading in the Mediterranean Sea.^[7] Levant Company's Benedict Barnham, on the flagship Salomon, leads the corporate fleet in a six-hour battle and heavily damages the Spanish ships, clearing the way for the company ships to return home.
May 7 – King Henry of Navarre, claimant to the throne of France, begins an unsuccessful attempt to besiege Paris, at the time controlled by the Catholic League. By August 30, Henry is forced to raise the siege, when Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma comes to its rescue with a Spanish army.
May 17 – Anne of Denmark is crowned queen consort of Scotland, at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh.^[8]
June 23 – The Japanese samurai Toyotomi Hideyoshi sends an army of 15,000 men, led by generals Maeda Toshiie and Uesugi Kagekatsu, in an attack on the Hachiōji Castle in what is now Tokyo. The castle is lightly defended, by only 1,300 men, because the samurai Hōjō Ujiteru has most of his troops engaged in defending Hideyohsi's siege of Odawara. The castle is captured after one day, and later destroyed on orders of the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu.

July–September

July 1 (13th waning of 1st Ashadha, 952 CS) – Naresuan Maharat becomes the new ruler of Thailand as Sanphet II of the Ayutthaya Kingdom, upon the death of his father, Sanphet I.
July 19 – The day after his 12th birthday, Ferdinand of Habsburg becomes the new Archduke of Inner Austria (Innerösterreich) upon the death, in Graz, of his father Charles II. A regency council rules in the place of Ferdinand until 1596.^[9]
July 21 – Japan's first diplomatic representatives to Europe, Itō Mancio, Michele Chijiwa, Giuliano Nakaura and Martino Hara, return to Japan after eight years, having departed on February 20, 1582. ^[10]
August 4 – In Japan, the siege of Odawara, part of Toyotomi Hideyoshi's campaign to eliminate the clan of samurais led by Hōjō Ujinao, ends with the surrender of Odawara,^[11] part of Toyotomi's unification of the country.
August 18 – John White, governor of the Colony of Roanoke, returns to Roanoke after having left the North American colony in 1587 to get supplies. Upon arrival at, the crew of the ships Hopewell and Moonlight find that the Roanoke Colony is deserted, with the only clues to where the colonist went being the word "CRO" carved into a tree, and the word CROATOAN (believed to be a reference to Hatteras Island, where the colonists formerly lived).^[12]
August 27 – Pope Sixtus V dies after serving for five years, and a new papal conclave is organized, to start on September 7 at the Apostolic Palace in Rome.
September 5 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to lift the siege of Paris.
September 15
- After the eight day conclave, Giovanni Battista Castagna, the Cardinal-Priest of San Marcello al Corso receives the necessary two-thirds majority despite support for Cardinal Marco Antonio Colonna.^[13] Castagna takes becomes Pope Urban VII but contracts malaria and dies 12 days later.^[14]
- The estimated 6.0 magnitude Neulengbach earthquake causes significant damage and some loss of life, in Lower Austria and Vienna; the effects are felt as far as Bohemia and Silesia.^[15]

October–December

October 6 – Two days before the scheduled papal conclave begins, Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Count of Olivares, Spain's ambassador to the Papal States, presents the cardinals with King the recommendations of King Philip II of Spain, a set of candidates whom the Spanish cardinals will support, and 30 whom they are instructed not to vote for.^[16]
October 8 – The second papal conclave in less four weeks two months opens at the Apostolic Palace in Rome, 23 days after the previous conclave had been concluded, and 53 cardinals arrive. ^[16]
October 13
- (5th waxing of Tazaungmon 952 ME) – In what is now Myanmar, King Nanda Bayin of Burma sends a 10,000-man army, led by the Viceroy Thado Dhamma Yaza III of Prome, and General Natshinnaung to suppress a rebellion in the Shan state of Mogaung.^[17]
- German astronomer Michael Maestlin becomes the first person to record an observation of the occultation of the planet Mars by the planet Venus.^[18]
October 16 – Saadian invasion of the Songhai Empire: An army of 20,000 troops, led by Judar Pasha is dispatched from Marrakesh in the Saadi Sultanate (now Morocco), on orders of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur. The Saadi Army's objective is to conquer the Songhai Empire, led by the Emperor Askia Ishaq II, in North Africa, corresponding to what is now the Republic of Mali.^[19]
October 24 – After an unsuccessful search of the "lost colony" of Roanoke, English officer John White and the surviving crew of the ships Hopewell and Moonlight return to England on October 24.^[12]
November 22 (12th waning of Tazaungmon 952 ME) – Burmese King Nanda Bayin sends a his son, the Crown Prince Mingyi Swa and 20,000 troops to what is now Thailand.^[17]
November 29 – A truce is signed between representatives of the Holy Roman Empire (ruled by Emperor Rudolf II) and the Ottoman Empire (ruled by Sultan Murad III.^[20]
December 5 – Niccolò Sfondrato, Cardinal-priest of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, is elected as the new pope and takes the name Pope Gregory XIV.^[21] Sfondrato is selected as a compromise candidate after Gabriele Paleotti falls 3 votes short of being elected. ^[16]
December 7 – North Berwick witch trials: Agnes Sampson is questioned by King James VI of Scotland, and confesses to practising witchcraft. She will be executed on January 28. ^[22]

Date unknown

Orthodox Patriarch Meletius I of Alexandria succeeds Silvester.
The Spanish are pushed out of southern Gelderland by the Dutch forces.

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Births

1590

January 9 – Simon Vouet, French painter (d. 1649)^[143]
January 13 – Arthur Bell, English Franciscan martyr (d. 1643)
January 20
- Edward Convers, American settler (d. 1663)
- Benedetta Carlini, Italian mystic (d. 1661)
January 27 – Charles Caesar, English politician and judge (d. 1642)
January 30 – Lady Anne Clifford, 14th Baroness de Clifford (d. 1676)^[144]
February 7 – Barthold Nihus, Roman Catholic priest (d. 1657)
March – Roger Ludlow, one of the founders of the colony (later the state) of Connecticut (d. 1664)
March 6 – Margaret of the Blessed Sacrament, French Discalced Carmelite nun (d. 1660)
March 10 – Dietrich Reinkingk, German lawyer and politician (d. 1664)
March 18 – Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Spanish and Portuguese historian and poet (d. 1649)
March 29 – Michael Reyniersz Pauw, Dutch businessman (d. 1640)
April 7
- Louis de Dieu, Dutch theologian (d. 1642)
- John Upton, English politician (d. 1641)
April 18 – Ahmed I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1617)
May – William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros (d. 1618)
May 3 – Franco Burgersdijk, Dutch logician (d. 1635)
May 5
- John Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1636)
- Jakub Sobieski, Polish noble (d. 1646)
May 12 – Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1621)^[145]
May 31 – Frances Carr, Countess of Somerset (d. 1632)
June 1 – Isaac Manasses de Pas, Marquis de Feuquieres, French soldier (d. 1640)
June 9 – Caspar Sibelius, Dutch Protestant minister (d. 1658)
June 19 – Philip Bell, British colonial governor (d. 1678)
June 24 – Samuel Ampzing, Dutch linguist and historian (d. 1632)
June 29 – Edward Rodney, English politician (d. 1657)

July 3 – Lucrezia Orsina Vizzana, Italian singer and composer (d. 1662)
July 13 – Pope Clement X (d. 1676)^[146]
July 26 – Johannes Crellius, Polish–German theologian (d. 1633)
August 6 – Count John Louis of Nassau-Hadamar (d. 1653)
August 7 – Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw (d. 1624)
August 9 – John Webster, colonial settler and governor of Connecticut (d. 1661)
August 19 – Henry Rich, 1st Earl of Holland, English soldier (d. 1649)
August 27 – Ferruccio Baffa Trasci, Italian bishop (d. 1656)
August 30 – Anthony Stapley, English politician (d. 1655)
September 12 – María de Zayas, Spanish writer (d. 1661)
September 15 – Erasmus Earle, English barrister and politician (d. 1667)
October 3 – Anna of Pomerania, Duchess-Consort of Croy and Havré (d. 1660)
October 11 – William Pynchon, English colonist and fur trader in North America (d. 1662)
November 25 – Juan Alonso de Cuevas y Davalos, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Mexico and Antequera (d. 1665)
December 3 – Daniel Seghers, Flemish Jesuit brother and painter (d. 1661)
December 14 – John West, colonial governor of Virginia (d. 1659)
December 18 – William Louis, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1640)

Angelica Veronica Airola, Italian painter (d. 1670)
Boris Morozov, Russian statesman and boyar (d. 1661)
Isaac de Caus, French landscaper (d. 1648)
Yamada Nagamasa, Japanese adventurer (d. 1630)
Ii Naokatsu, Japanese daimyō (d. 1662)

William Bradford, English leader of Plymouth Colony (d. 1657)
William Browne, English poet (d. 1645)
Theophilus Eaton, Puritan colonial merchant (d. 1658)
Kösem Sultan (d. 1651)
Mícheál Ó Cléirigh, Irish chronicler (d. 1643)
Marie Vernier, French actress (d. 1627)
Caterina Assandra, Italian composer (died c. 1618)
Magdalena Andersdotter, Norwegian-Faroese shipowner (d. 1650)
Teofila Chmielecka, Polish military role model (d. 1650)
Marie Fouquet, French medical writer and philanthropist (d. 1681)

1591

January 3 – Valentin de Boulogne, French painter (d. 1632)
January 4 – William Spencer, 2nd Baron Spencer of Wormleighton, British baron (d. 1636)
January 7 – Princess Dorothea, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1617)
January 11 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (d. 1646)
January 12 – Jusepe de Ribera, Spanish Tenebrist painter and printmaker (d. 1652)
January 15 – David van Goorle, Dutch theologian and theoretical scientist (d. 1612)
January 26 – Matthew Boynton, English politician (d. 1647)
January 29 – Franciscus Junius, pioneer of Germanic philology (d. 1677)
February 8
- Hervey Bagot, English politician (d. 1660)
- Guercino, Italian painter (d. 1666)
February 13 – Antonio Sabino, Italian composer (d. 1650)
February 21 (or March 2) – Girard Desargues, French mathematician (d. 1661)
February 25 – Friedrich von Spee, German Jesuit and poet (d. 1635)
February 28 – Henry Clifford, 5th Earl of Cumberland, English politician (d. 1643)
March 2 – Willem Boreel, Dutch diplomat (d. 1668)
March 3 – Lucas de Wael, Flemish painter (d. 1661)
March 6 – Tommaso Tamburini, Italian theologian (d. 1675)
March 9 – Johannes Chrysostomus vander Sterre, Dutch abbot, ecclesiastical writer (d. 1652)
March 11 – Isabella of Savoy, Italian noble (d. 1626)
March 15 or 1593 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1660)
March 19 – Dirck Hals, Dutch painter (d. 1656)
March 28 – William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, English earl (d. 1668)
April 5 – Prince Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1634)
April 11 – Bartholomeus Strobel, Silezian painter (d. 1650)
April 25 – Marcos de Torres y Rueda, interim viceroy of New Spain (d. 1649)
May 2 – Prince Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1660)
May 5 – Frederick Achilles, Duke of Württemberg-Neuenstadt (d. 1631)
May 26 – Olimpia Maidalchini, Italian noblewoman (d. 1657)
June 16 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist (d. 1655)
June 24 – Mustafa I, sultan of the Ottoman empire (d. 1639)

July 4 – Jonathan Rashleigh, English politician (d. 1675)
July 9 – Jean Bagot, French theologian (d. 1664)
July 20 – Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (d. 1643)
August 6 – George William, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld (d. 1669)
August 12 – Louise de Marillac, French co-founder of the Daughters of Charity (d. 1660)
August 24 – Robert Herrick, English poet (d. 1674)^[147]
August 28 – John Christian of Brieg, Duke of Brzeg (1602–1639) (d. 1639)
September 8 – Marie Angélique Arnauld, French abbess of the Abbey of Port-Royal (d. 1661)

September 29 – Michael de Sanctis, Spanish saint (d. 1625)
October 2 – Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Lorraine (1608–1624) (d. 1632)
October 7 – Pierre Le Muet, French architect (d. 1669)
October 22 – Alfonso III d'Este, Duke of Modena, Italian noble (d. 1644)
November 20 – George Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg (d. 1615)
November 29 – Bernhard von Mallinckrodt, German bibliophile (d. 1664)
December 22 – Tommaso Dingli, Maltese architect and sculptor (d. 1666)
December 30 – Joseph Furttenbach, German architect (d. 1667)

David Blondel, French Protestant clergyman (d. 1655)
Andrew Bobola, Polish Jesuit missionary and martyr (d. 1657)
Thomas Goffe, English dramatist (d. 1629)
William Lenthall, English politician of the Civil War period (d. 1662)

1592

January 5 – Shah Jahan, 5th Mughal Emperor of India from 1628 to 1658 (d. 1666)
January 22
- Philippe Alegambe, Belgian Jesuit priest and bibliographer (d. 1652)
- Pierre Gassendi, French philosopher and scientist (d. 1655)^[148]
February 5 – Vincenzo della Greca, Italian architect (d. 1661)
February 22 – Nicholas Ferrar, English trader (d. 1637)
February 23 – Balthazar Gerbier, Dutch painter (d. 1663)
March 20 – Giovanni da San Giovanni, Italian painter (d. 1636)
March 28 – Comenius, Czech teacher and writer (d. 1670)^[149]
April 4 – Abraham Elzevir, Dutch printer (d. 1652)
April 9 – Jiří Třanovský, Czech priest and musician (d. 1637)
April 11 – John Eliot, Member of Parliament, Statesman, Vice-Admiral of Devon (d. 1632)
April 15 – Francesco Maria Brancaccio, Catholic cardinal (d. 1675)
April 22 – Wilhelm Schickard, German inventor (d. 1635)
April 24
- Marcos Ramírez de Prado y Ovando, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Mexico (d. 1667)
- Sir John Trelawny, 1st Baronet, British baronet (d. 1664)
May 8 – Francis Quarles, English poet most famous for his Emblem book aptly entitled Emblems (d. 1644)
May 14 – Alice Barnham, wife of English scientific philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon (d. 1650)
June 7 – Balthasar Cordier, Belgian Jesuit exegete, editor (d. 1650)
June 9 – Jean de Brisacier, French Jesuit (d. 1668)
June 13
- Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg, German noblewoman (d. 1642)
- Tobias Michael, German composer and cantor (d. 1657)^[150]

July 10 – Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (d. 1660)
July 20 – Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden (d. 1663)
August 1 – François le Métel de Boisrobert, French poet (d. 1662)
August 7 – Arnauld de Oihenart, Basque historian and poet (d. 1668)
August 11 – Carlo de Tocco, Italian nobleman (d. 1674)
August 13 – William, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (d. 1642)
August 16 – Wybrand de Geest, Dutch painter (d. 1661)
August 28 – George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (d. 1628)
August 29 – Sir Benjamin Ayloffe, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1662)
September 1 – Maria Angela Astorch, Spanish mystic and saint (d. 1665)
September 5 – Jacopo Vignali, Italian painter (d. 1664)
September 15 – Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, archbishop of Fermo (d. 1653)
September 18 – Jean Guyon, French colonist (d. 1663)
September 20 – Nicholas Stoughton, English politician (d. 1648)
September 21 – Nathaniel Foote, American colonist (d. 1644)
September 24 – Christopher Wandesford, English administrator and politician (d. 1640)
September 25 – Herman Krefting, Norwegian businessman (d. 1651)
October 7 – Henry Wenceslaus, Duke of Oels-Bernstadt, Duke of Bernstadt (1617 – 1639) (d. 1639)
October 13 – Christian Gueintz, German teacher and writer-grammarian (d. 1650)
October 22 – Gustav Horn, Count of Pori, Swedish/Finnish soldier and politician (d. 1657)
October 30 – Giulio Benso, Italian painter (d. 1668)
November 4
- Gerard van Honthorst, Dutch painter (d. 1656)
- Albrecht von Kalckstein, German noble (d. 1667)
November 5 – Charles Chauncy, English-born president of Harvard College (d. 1671)
November 13 – Antonio Grassi, Italian priest (d. 1671)
November 28 – Hong Taiji, Emperor of China (d. 1643)
December 5 – Thomas Bennet, successful civil lawyer (d. 1670)
December 6 – William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (d. 1676)
December 9 – Krzysztof Arciszewski, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1656)
December 29 – Johannes Matthiae Gothus, Swedish academic (d. 1670)

Catalina de Erauso, Spanish-Mexican nun and soldier (d. 1650)
Richard Bellingham, American colonial magistrate (d. 1672)
John Hacket, English churchman (d. 1670)
Angélique Paulet, French salonnière, singer, musician and actress (d. 1651)
Ingen, Chinese Zen Buddhist poet, calligrapher (d. 1673)
John Jenkins, English composer (d. 1678)
John Oldham, early English settler in Massachusetts (d. 1636)
Walatta Petros, saint in the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (d. 1642)
Sara Copia Sullam, Italian poet and writer (d. 1641)

Étienne Brûlé, French explorer in Canada (d. 1632)

1593

January 1 – Sun Chuanting, Ming Dynasty general (d. 1643)
January 10 – Prince Maurice of Savoy, Catholic cardinal and Prince of Savoy (d. 1657)
February 8 – Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, French Catholic Cardinal (d. 1639)
February 24 – Henry de Vere, 18th Earl of Oxford, English noble (d. 1625)
March 1 – Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg, German Catholic cardinal (d. 1661)
March 13 – Georges de La Tour, French Baroque painter (d. 1652)
March 20 – Jean de La Haye, French preacher and biblical scholar (d. 1661)
March 22 – Johann Ulrich Steigleder, German composer (d. 1635)
March 25 – Jean de Brébeuf, French Jesuit missionary who travelled to Canada in 1625 (d. 1649)
April – Mumtaz Mahal, Queen of India (d. 1631)
April 3 – George Herbert, Welsh-born English poet (d. 1633)^[151]
April 4 – Edward Nicholas, English statesman (d. 1669)
April 12 – Nicholas Martyn, English politician (d. 1653)
April 13 – Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Strafford, English statesman (d. 1641)
April 19 – Sir John Hobart, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1647)
April 27 – Jérôme Lalemant, French Jesuit priest and missionary to Canada (d. 1673)
May 2
- John Forbes, Scottish theologian (d. 1648)
- Catherine de' Medici, Governor of Siena, Italian princess (d. 1629)
May 5 – Cesare Monti, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (d. 1650)
May 19
- Jacob Jordaens, Flemish painter (d. 1678)
- Claude Vignon, French painter (d. 1670)
June 3 – Richard Knightley, English politician (d. 1639)
June 8 – George I Rákóczi, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (d. 1648)
June 22 – Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet, Parliamentarian politician and military figure in the English Civil War (d. 1671)
June 23 – Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg (d. 1650)
June 24 – Abraham von Franckenberg, German writer (d. 1652)

July 5 – Achille d'Étampes de Valençay, Knight of Malta (d. 1646)
July 8
- Artemisia Gentileschi, Italian painter (d. 1656)^[152]
- Peter Sainthill, English politician (d. 1648)
July 20 – Henry Ernest, Count of Stolberg, then count of Stolberg-Ilsenburg (d. 1672)
July 30 – William, Margrave of Baden-Baden (1596–1677) (d. 1677)
August 9 – Izaak Walton, English writer (d. 1683)^[153]
August 12 – Jonathan Brewster, American settler (d. 1659)
August 30 – Noël Juchereau, Quebec pioneer (d. 1648)
September 5 – Orazio Riminaldi, Italian painter (d. 1630)
September 8 – Toyotomi Hideyori, Japanese nobleman (d. 1615)
September 20 – Gottfried Scheidt, German composer (d. 1661)
September 22 – A. Matthäus Merian, Swiss cartographer (d. 1650)
September 26 – Francis Osborne, English writer (d. 1659)
October 6 – Jobst Herman, Count of Schaumburg (d. 1635)
October 9 – Nicolaes Tulp, Dutch anatomist and politician (d. 1674)
October 13 – Sixtinus Amama, Dutch Reformed theologian and orientalist (d. 1629)
October 23 – Michael Warton, English politician (d. 1645)
October 27 – Christoffer Urne, Governor General of Norway (d. 1663)
November 1 – Abel Servien, French diplomat (d. 1659)
November 25 – Alain de Solminihac, French bishop and beatified person (d. 1659)
December 5 – Liborius Wagner, German Roman Catholic priest (d. 1631)
December 11 – Sir William Airmine, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1651)
December 12
- Adam Christian Agricola, German Evangelical preacher (d. 1645)
- Nathaniel Bacon, English politician (d. 1660)

Leonardo Agostini, Italian antiquary (d. 1685)
Louis Barbier, French bishop (d. 1670)
Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford (d. 1641)
Claudia Rusca, Italian composer, singer, and organist (d. 1676)
Mervyn Tuchet, 2nd Earl of Castlehaven (d. 1631)
Anthony van Diemen, Dutch merchant (d. 1645)
Jerónimo Lobo, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (d. 1678)
Mikołaj Ostroróg, Polish nobleman (d. 1651)
Sir George Radcliffe, English politician (d. 1657)
Kimura Shigenari, Japanese samurai (d. 1615)
Giovanni Battista Pacetti, Italian painter (d. 1630)

1594

January 1 – Barthélemy Vimont, French missionary (d. 1667)
January 7 – Vincenzo II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, Italian duke and Catholic cardinal (d. 1627)
January 12 – Gregers Krabbe, Governor-general of Norway (d. 1655)
January 16 – Maeda Toshitsune, Japanese warlord (d. 1658)
January 24 – Pierre de Marca, French bishop and historian (d. 1662)
February 2 – Philip Powell, Welsh martyr (d. 1646)
February 5 – Biagio Marini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1663)
February 16 – Juliana Morell, Spanish-French scholar (d. 1653)
February 19 – Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, elder son of King James I & VI and Anne of Denmark (d. 1612)^[154]
February 21 – John Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, German duke (d. 1626)
February 26 – William Wadsworth, American colonial (d. 1675)
March 25 – Maria Tesselschade Visscher, Dutch poet and engraver (d. 1649)
April 21 – Bernardino Spada, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1661)
April 29 – Samuel Fairclough, English minister (d. 1677)
May 1 – John Haynes, governor of Connecticut (d. 1653)
May 9 – Louis Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, military leader in the Thirty Years' War (d. 1662)
May 15 – Sophie of Solms-Laubach, wife of Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1651)
May 29 – Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War (d. 1632)
June 3 – César, Duke of Vendôme, French nobleman (d. 1665)
June 11 – Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Ardglass, English nobleman (d. 1653)
June 23 – Thomas Tyrrell, English judge and politician (d. 1672)
June – Nicolas Poussin, French painter (d. 1665)

July 6 – Frederick V, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1622–1659) (d. 1659)
July 10 – Bartolomeo Gennari, Italian painter (d. 1661)
July 14 – Beat Albrecht von Ramstein, German Catholic bishop (d. 1651)
August 4 – Aleksander Ludwik Radziwiłł, Polish noble (d. 1654)
August 5 – Stefano Durazzo, Italian cardinal (d. 1667)
August 16 – Queen Inyeol, Korean royal consort (d. 1636)
September 13 – Francesco Manelli, Italian composer (d. 1667)
September 30 – Antoine Girard de Saint-Amant, French poet (d. 1661)
October 4 – Johan Schatter, Dutch Golden Age member of the Haarlem schutterij (d. 1673)
October 27 – Johann Rudolf Wettstein, Swiss diplomat (d. 1666)
November 15 – Jean Puget de la Serre, French author and dramatist (d. 1665)
November 24 – Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent (d. 1651)
November 26 – James Ware, Irish genealogist (d. 1666)
November 30 – John Cosin, English churchman (d. 1672)
December 7 – Frederik Coning, Dutch Golden Age member of the Haarlem schutterij (d. 1636)
December 8 – Pierre Petit, French astronomer, military engineer, and physicist (d. 1677)
December 9 – King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Swedish king and general (d. 1632)
December 21 – Robert Sutton, 1st Baron Lexinton, English politician (d. 1668)
December 24 – Otto, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, Prince of Hesse-Kassel, Administrator of Hersfeld Abbey (d. 1617)
December 27 – Ove Gjedde, Danish admiral, member of the interim government after the death of Christian IV (d. 1660)

John Bramhall, English Anglican clergyman and controversialist (d. 1663)
Peter Oliver, English miniaturist (d. 1648)
Tomasz Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (d. 1638)

Tarquinio Merula, Italian composer (d. 1665)

1595

January 15 – Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth, English politician (d. 1661)
January 22 – George Rudolf of Liegnitz, Polish noble (d. 1653)
January 23 – Herman Fortunatus, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (d. 1665)
February 9 – Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess consort of Pomerania (d. 1650)
March 19 – Carlo de' Medici, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1666)
March 21 – Ferdinando Ughelli, Italian Cistercian monk and church historian (d. 1670)
March 23 – Bevil Grenville, English royalist soldier (d. 1643)
April 5 – John Wilson, English composer (d. 1674)
April 6
- Henri II d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville, Prince of France (d. 1663)
- Pieter de Molijn, Dutch painter (d. 1661)
April 12 – Miles Hobart, English politician (d. 1632)
April 30
- Anne Lykke, Danish noble (d. 1641)
- Henri II de Montmorency, French nobleman and military commander (d. 1632)
May 1 – Lars Kagg, Swedish count and military Officer (d. 1661)
May 3 – Aloysius Gottifredi, Italian Jesuit (d. 1652)
June 9 – King Wladislaus IV of Poland (d. 1648)^[155]
June 10 – Aegidius Gelenius, German heraldist (d. 1656)
June 13
- John Holles, 2nd Earl of Clare, English politician and Earl (d. 1666)
- Jan Marek Marci, Bohemian physician and scientist (d. 1667)
June 19 – Guru Har Gobind, the Sixth Sikh Guru (d. 1644)
June 24 – Ulderico Carpegna, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1679)

July 1 – Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (d. 1656)
July 3 – John Gurdon, English politician (d. 1679)
July 4 – Félix Castello, Spanish artist (d. 1651)
July 9 – Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach, Regent of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1651)
July 10 – Charles Drelincourt, French Protestant divine (d. 1669)
July 31 – Philipp Wolfgang, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1641)
August 29 – Joachim Ernest, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (1622–1671) (d. 1671)
August 31 – Georges Fournier, French Jesuit mathematician and geographer (d. 1652)
October 18 – Lucas van Uden, Dutch painter (d. 1672)
October 30 – Gaj Singh of Marwar, Raja of Marwar Kingdom (r (d. 1638)
November 11 – Martin Bauzer, Gorizian Jesuit priest and writer (d. 1668)
November 13 – George William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1640)
November 18
- Niklaus Dachselhofer, Swiss politician (d. 1670)
- Pietro Desani, Italian painter (d. 1647)
December 1 – Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester, English politician (d. 1677)
December 3 – Henry Ley, 2nd Earl of Marlborough, English politician (d. 1638)
December 4 – Jean Chapelain, French poet and critic during the Grand Siècle (d. 1674)
December 5 – Henry Lawes, English musician and composer (d. 1662)
December 7 – Injo of Joseon, sixteenth king of the Joseon dynasty in Korea (d. 1649)
December 11 – Hŏ Mok, Korean politician, poet and scholar (d. 1682)
December 14 – Arthur Wilson, English writer (d. 1652)
December 27 – Bohdan Khmelnytsky, hetman of Ukraine (d. 1657)

Thomas Carew, English poet (d. 1645)
Miles Corbet, English Puritan politician (d. 1662)
Jean Desmarets, French writer (d. 1676)
Henry Herbert, English official (d. 1673)
Lars Kagg, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1661)
Thomas May, English poet and historian (d. 1650)
Bartholomaeus Nigrinus, Polish Rosicrucian (d. 1646)
Pocahontas, Algonquian princess (d. 1617)
Mikołaj Potocki, Polish politician (d. 1651)
Robert Sempill the younger, Scottish writer (d. 1663)
Cornelius Vermuyden, Dutch engineer (d. 1683)

Dirck van Baburen, Dutch painter (d. 1624)
Albrycht Stanisław Radziwiłł, Lithuanian chancellor (d. 1656)

1596

January 1 – Elizabeth Ribbing, Swedish noble (d. 1662)
January 13 – Jan van Goyen, Dutch painter (d. 1656)
February 2
- Jacob van Campen, Dutch artist and architect of the Golden Age (d. 1657)
- Carew Mildmay, Member of the Parliament of England (d. 1676)
February 3 – Brás Garcia de Mascarenhas, soldier, poet and writer (d. 1656)
February 8 – Louis Giry, French lawyer, classical scholar (d. 1665)
February 27 – Johan Stiernhöök, Swedish lawyer (d. 1675)
March 1 – Duke Frederick of Saxe-Weimar, German prince and colonel (d. 1622)
March 10 – Princess Maria Elizabeth of Sweden (d. 1618)
March 11 – Isaac Elzevir, Dutch printer and publisher (d. 1651)
March 16 – Ebba Brahe, Swedish countess (d. 1674)
March 24 – Elizabeth of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Gütsrow (d. 1625)
March 26 – Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, French noble (d. 1663)
March 31 – René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (d. 1650)^[156]
April 8 – Juan van der Hamen, Spanish artist (d. 1631)
April 11 – Moritz Gudenus, German Catholic preacher (d. 1680)
May 9 – Abraham van Diepenbeeck, Dutch painter (d. 1675)
May 21 – John Louis II, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein (d. 1605)
June 5 – Peter Wtewael, Dutch painter (d. 1660)
June 6 – Michel Particelli d'Émery, French politician (d. 1650)
June 23 – Johan Banér, Swedish field marshal in the Thirty Years' War (d. 1641)
June 27 – Maximilian, Prince of Dietrichstein, German prince (d. 1655)
June 29 – Emperor Go-Mizunoo of Japan (d. 1680)

July 1 – Bertuccio Valiero, Doge of Venice (d. 1658)
July 12 – Michael I of Russia, Russian Tsar (d. 1645)^[157]
August 10 – Lorentz Eichstadt, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1660)
August 26 – Frederick V, Elector Palatine (d. 1632)
August 18 – Jean Bolland, Belgian Jesuit, Founder of the Bollandist (d. 1665)
August 19 – Elizabeth Stuart, later Queen of Bohemia (d. 1662)^[158]
September
- James Shirley, English dramatist (d. 1666)
- Moses Amyraut, French Protestant theologian (d. 1664)
September 3 – Nicola Amati, Italian luthier from Cremona (d. 1684)
September 4 – Constantijn Huygens, Dutch Golden Age poet and composer (d. 1687)^[159]
September 7 – John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1660)
September 11 – Francis Eaton, Mayflower passenger and New World colonist (d. 1633)
September 23 – Joan Blaeu, Dutch cartographer (d. 1673)
October 1 – Cesare Dandini, Italian painter (d. 1657)
October 5 – Pieter van Mierevelt, Dutch painter (d. 1623)
October 18 – Edward Winslow, American Pilgrim leader (d. 1655)
October 23 – Daniel Hay du Chastelet de Chambon, French mathematician (d. 1671)
October 26 – Robert Coe, American colonial (d. 1689)
November 1
- Albert, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, joint ruler of Nassau-Dillenburg 1623–1626 (d. 1626)
- Pietro da Cortona, Italian painter (d. 1669)
November 5 – Charles II, Duke of Elbeuf, French noble (d. 1657)
November 6 – Jeanne Chezard de Matel, French mystic (d. 1670)
November 21 – René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, French politician (d. 1651)
December 12 – Sir Edward Osborne, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1647)
December 13 – António Luís de Meneses, 1st Marquis of Marialva, Portuguese general and noble (d. 1675)
December 21
- Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano (d. 1656)
- Peter Mohyla, Moldavian Orthodox Metropolitan of Kiev and Galicia (d. 1646)
December 24 – Leonaert Bramer, Dutch painter (d. 1674)

Francesco Buonamici, Italian architect, painter and engraver (d. 1677)^[160]
John Dury, Scottish-born Calvinist minister (d. 1680)
Franz von Hatzfeld, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (d. 1642)
Lucas Holstenius, German humanist (d. 1661)
Georg Jenatsch, Swiss political leader (d. 1639)
Richard Mather, American clergyman (d. 1669)
Horio Tadaharu, Japanese warlord (d. 1633)
Pocahontas, Algonquian (Native American) princess (d. 1617)

1597

January 12 – François Duquesnoy, Flemish Baroque sculptor in Rome (d. 1643)
January 25 – Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg, German Duke (d. 1639)
January 31 – John Francis Regis, French Jesuit priest (d. 1640)
February 24 – Vincent Voiture, French poet (d. 1648)^[161]
March 1 – Jean-Charles de la Faille, Belgian mathematician (d. 1652)
March 10 – Ercole Gennari, Italian drawer and painter (d. 1658)
March 18 – Jérôme le Royer de la Dauversière, French nobleman, founder of Montreal and an order of nursing Sisters (d. 1659)
March 21 – Juan Alonso y Ocón, Spanish Catholic prelate, Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (d. 1656)
March 27 – William Hyde, President of English College, Douai (d. 1651)

April 9 – John Davenport, English Puritan clergyman, co-founder of the American colony of New Haven (d. 1670)
April 13 – Giovanni Battista Hodierna, Italian astronomer (d. 1660)
April 23 – Alvise Contarini, Italian diplomat, nobleman (d. 1651)
May 13 – Cornelis Schut, Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver (d. 1655)
May 15 – Squire Bence, English politician (d. 1648)
May 25 – Veit Erbermann, German theologian (d. 1675)
May 31 – Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac, French author (d. 1654)
June 9 – Pieter Jansz. Saenredam, Dutch painter (d. 1665)

July 2 – Theodoor Rombouts, Flemish painter (d. 1637)
July 13 – Sebastian Stoskopff, French painter (d. 1657)
July 22 – Virgilio Mazzocchi, Italian Baroque composer (d. 1646)
July 29 – Abdias Treu, German mathematician and academic (d. 1669)
August 20
- Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1685)
- Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic, Polish poet (d. 1677)
August 21 – Roger Twysden, English antiquarian and royalist (d. 1672)
August 29 – Henry Gage, Royalist officer in the English Civil War (d. 1645)
September 23 – Francesco Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1679)
September 28 – Justus Sustermans, Flemish painter (d. 1681)

October 7 – Captain John Underhill, English settler and soldier (d. 1672)
October 13 – Otto Louis of Salm-Kyrburg-Mörchingen, Swedish general in the Thirty Years' War (d. 1634)
October 20 – Matthew Hutton, English politician (d. 1666)
November 15 – Juan Tellez-Girón y Enriquez de Ribera, 4th Duke of Osuna (d. 1656)
November 19 – Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, wife of George William, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1660)
December 16
- George Albert I, Count of Erbach-Schönberg (d. 1647)
- Pieter de Neyn, Dutch painter (d. 1639)
December 22 – Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1659)
December 23
- Martin Opitz, German poet (d. 1639)
December 24 – Honoré II, Prince of Monaco (d. 1662)

Cristóbal Diatristán de Acuña, Spanish missionary and explorer (d. 1676)
Johan van Heemskerk, Dutch poet (d. 1656)
Cornelis Jol, Dutch naval commander and privateer (d. 1641)
Wang Wei, Chinese poet (d. 1647)

1598

January 23 – François Mansart, French architect (d. 1666)
March 12 – Guillaume Colletet, French writer (d. 1659)
March 13 – Johannes Loccenius, German historian (d. 1677)
March 15 – Redemptus of the Cross, Portuguese Carmelite lay brother and martyr (d. 1638)
March 25
- Ralph Corbie, Irish Jesuit (d. 1644)
- Robert Trelawney, English politician (d. 1643)
March 26 – Sir William Lewis, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1677)

April 9 – Johann Crüger, German composer of well-known hymns (d. 1662)
April 11 – William, Duke of Saxe-Weimar, German nobleman (d. 1662)
April 17 – Giovanni Battista Riccioli, Italian astronomer (d. 1671)
April 23 – Maarten Tromp, officer and later admiral in the Dutch navy (d. 1653)
April 28 – Francis Leigh, 1st Earl of Chichester, English politician (d. 1653)
May 23 – Claude Mellan, French painter and engraver (d. 1688)
June 4 – Åke Henriksson Tott, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1640)
June 19 – Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1663 until his death (d. 1677)

July 6 – Kirsten Munk, Danish noble, spouse of King Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1658)
July 29 – Henricus Regius, Dutch philosopher (d. 1679)
July 31 – Alessandro Algardi, Italian high-Baroque sculptor active in Rome (d. 1654)
August 7 – Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish civil servant (d. 1672)
September 11 – Imre Thurzó, Hungarian noble (d. 1621)
September 23 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Holy Roman Empress, married to Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1655)
September 24 – Giovanni Francesco Busenello, Italian librettist (d. 1659)
September 27 – Robert Blake, English admiral (d. 1657)

October 14 – Nicolas de Neufville de Villeroy, Marshal of France (d. 1685)
October 17 – Jørgen Knudsen Urne, Danish noble (d. 1642)
October 19 – Isaac Commelin, Dutch historian (d. 1676)
October 27 – Lars Stigzelius, Swedish Lutheran archbishop (d. 1676)
November 3 – Christian I, Count Palatine of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler (1600–1654) (d. 1654)
November 4 – Ernst Adalbert of Harrach, Austrian Catholic cardinal (d. 1667)
November 7 – Francisco de Zurbarán, Spanish painter (d. 1664)
November 28 – Hans Nansen, Danish statesman (d. 1667)
December 7 – Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor (d. 1680)^[162]
December 20 – Ottavio Farnese, Italian noble (d. 1643)
December 22 – Henri de La Trémoille, French general and noble (d. 1674)
December 24 – Margaret Stuart, Scottish princess (d. 1600)

Bonaventura Cavalieri, Italian mathematician (d. 1647)
Marmaduke Langdale, Royalist in the English Civil War (d. 1661)
Baldassarre Longhena, Venetian architect (d. 1682)^[163]
Jean Nicolet, French explorer (d. 1642)
William Strode, English parliamentarian (d. 1645)^[164]
Guðríður Símonardóttir, Icelandic woman known as a victim of the Turkish abductions (d. 1693)
probable
- Jean-Armand du Peyrer, Comte de Tréville and French officer (d. 1672)
- Mary Bankes, Royalist in the English Civil War, defender of Corfe Castle (d. 1661)

1599 * January 22 – Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre, English baron (d. 1638)

January 31 – Juraj V Zrinski, Ban of Croatia (d. 1626)
February 12
- Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, third son of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1625)
- Thomas Whitmore, English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons (d. 1677)
February 13 – Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)^[165]
March 1 – John Mennes, English Royal Navy admiral (d. 1671)
March 3 – Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera, Viceroy of Sicily and Viceroy of Naples (d. 1647)
March 13 – John Berchmans, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d. 1621)
March 22 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (d. 1641)^[166]
March 23 – Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (d. 1663)
March 28 – Witte de With, famous Dutch naval officer of the 17th century (d. 1658)

April 9 – Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet (d. 1655)
April 17 – Patrick Fleming, Irish Franciscan friar and scholar (murdered) (d. 1631)
April 25 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. 1658)^[167]
May 16 – Nicolaes Olycan, Dutch businessman (d. 1639)
May 30 – Samuel Bochart, French Protestant biblical scholar (d. 1667)
June 1 – Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn, Duchess suo jure of Cieszyn (d. 1653)
June 6 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (d. 1660)
June 24 – Konoe Nobuhiro, Japanese court noble (d. 1649)^[168]

July 23 – Stephanius, Danish historian (d. 1650)
July 27 – Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1640–1644) (d. 1644)
August 11 – Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (1630–1656) (d. 1656)
August 13 – Johannes Buxtorf II, Swiss theologian (d. 1664)
August 14 – Méric Casaubon, English classicist (d. 1671)
August 16 – Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona, Spanish noble (d. 1653)
August 22 – Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (d. 1636)
September 7 – Jacob Westerbaen, Dutch poet (d. 1670)
September 20 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, German Protestant military leader (d. 1626)
September 24 – Adam Olearius, German scholar (d. 1671)
September 25 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss sculptor and architect (d. 1667)
September 30 – Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (d. 1674)

October 10
- Samuel Clarke, English writer and priest (d. 1683)
- Étienne Moulinié, French Baroque composer (d. 1676)
October 11 – Abraham de Fabert, Marshal of France (d. 1662)
October 15 – Cornelis de Graeff, Dutch mayor (d. 1664)
October 28 – Marie of the Incarnation, French foundress of the Ursuline Monastery in Quebec (d. 1672)
October 31 – Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English statesman and writer (d. 1680)
November 5 – Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, Italian prince-bishop (d. 1658)
November 11
- Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, German princess and queen consort of Sweden (d. 1655)
- Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (d. 1656)
November 13 – Otto Christoph von Sparr, German general (d. 1668)
November 15 – Werner Rolfinck, German physician, chemist, botanist and philosopher (d. 1673)
November 29 – Peter Heylin, English ecclesiastic and author of many polemical works (d. 1662)
November 30 – Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism (d. 1661)
December 2
- Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman (d. 1663)
- Alexander Daniell, sole proprietor of the Manor of Alverton, Cornwall (d. 1668)
December 11 – Pieter Codde, Dutch painter (d. 1678)
December 14 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge, English politician (d. 1668)
December 16 – Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux, French poet (d. 1673)
December 20 – Niels Trolle, Governor General of Norway (d. 1667)
December 29 – Gabriel Bucelin, German historian (d. 1681)

John Alden, English settler of Plymouth Colony (d. 1687)
Stefan Czarniecki, Polish military commander (d. 1665)
Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English courtier (d. 1660)
Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby defender of Latham House (d. 1664)
Jirgalang, Qing Dynasty prince (d. 1655)

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Deaths

Bernard Palissy, French potter (b. 1510)

1590

January 7 – Jakob Andreae, German theologian (b. 1528)
January 20 – Giambattista Benedetti, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1530)
February 1 – Lawrence Humphrey, president of Magdalen College, Oxford (b. 1527)
February 2 – Catherine of Ricci, Catholic prioress and saint (b. 1522)
February 4 – Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian music theorist and composer (b. 1517)
February 12
- François Hotman, French Protestant lawyer and writer (b. 1524)
- Blanche Parry, personal attendant to Elizabeth I of England (b. c. 1508)
February 18 – Asahi no kata, Japanese lady, Toyotomi Hideyoshi's half-sister (b. 1543)
February 19 – Philipp IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1514)
February 21 – Ambrose Dudley, 3rd Earl of Warwick, English nobleman and general (b. 1528)
March 4 – Duchess Hedwig of Württemberg, by marriage countess of Hesse-Marburg (b. 1547)
April 2 – Elisabeth of Saxony, Countess Palatine of Simmern (b. 1552)
April 6 – Francis Walsingham, English spymaster (b. 1530)^[169]
May 9 – Charles de Bourbon French cardinal and pretender to the throne (b. 1523)
June 28 – Hori Hidemasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1553)
June 30 – Maha Thammaracha (b. 1509)
July 10 – Charles II, Archduke of Austria, regent of Inner Austria (b. 1540)
July 21 – Sophie of Württemberg, German noble (b. 1563)
August 10
- Hōjō Ujimasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1538)
- Hōjō Ujiteru, Japanese warlord (b. 1540？)
August 17 – James III, Margrave of Baden-Hachberg (b. 1562)
August 27 – Pope Sixtus V (b. 1521)^[170]
September 10 – Archduchess Magdalena of Austria, Member of the House of Habsburg (b. 1532)
September 13 – Pedro Téllez-Girón, 1st Duke of Osuna, Spanish duke (b. 1537)
September 20 – Lodovico Agostini, Italian composer (b. 1534)
September 27 – Pope Urban VII (b. 1521)^[14]
October 4 – Jacques Cujas, French legal expert (b. 1522)^[171]
October 12 – Kanō Eitoku, Japanese painter (b. 1543)^[172]
October 16 – Archduchess Anna of Austria, Duchess of Bavaria (b. 1528)
October 18 – Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1570)
October 23 – Bernardino de Sahagún, Franciscan missionary (b. 1499)
October 29 – Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert, Dutch politician and theologian (b. 1522)
November 18 – George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury, English statesman (b. 1528)
November 19 – Girolamo Zanchi, Italian theologian (b. 1516)
November 29 – Philipp Nicodemus Frischlin, German philologist and poet (b. 1547)
December 20 – Ambroise Paré, French surgeon (b. 1510)
December 27 – Emanuel Philibert de Lalaing, Belgian noble and army commander (b. 1557)

Nicholas Bobadilla, one of the first Spanish Jesuits (b. 1511)
Marietta Robusti, Venetian Renaissance painter (b. 1555 or 1560)
Roger Dudley, British soldier (b. 1535)
Sorley Boy MacDonnell, Irish chieftain (b. 1505)
Juan Bautista de Pomar, Spanish colonial historian and writer
Catherine Salvaresso, Wallachian regent
Maddalena Casulana, Italian composer, lutenist and singer (d. 1544)

1591

February 6 – Anna Sophia of Prussia, Duchess of Prussia and Duchess of Mecklenburg (b. 1527)
February 15 – Toyotomi Hidenaga, Japanese warlord (b. 1540)
February 26 – Vespasiano I Gonzaga, Italian noble and diplomat (b. 1531)
March 17 – Jost Amman, Swiss printmaker (b. 1539)
April 9 – Emilie of Saxony, German noble (b. 1516)
April 21 – Sen no Rikyū, Japanese exponent of the tea ceremony (b. 1522)
May 19 – Elizabeth Cecil, 16th Baroness de Ros, English noblewoman (b. c. 1574)
May 15 – Tsarevich Dimitri, of Russia (b. 1582)
June 21 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian Jesuit and saint (b. 1568)
July 2 – Vincenzo Galilei, Italian composer (b. 1520)
July 10 – Anna of Hesse, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken (b. 1529)
July 18 – Jacobus Gallus Carniolus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)
August 23 – Luis Ponce de León, Spanish lyric poet (b. 1527)
August 27 – Katheryn of Berain, Welsh noblewoman (b. 1534)^[173]
September 7 – Heinrich Sudermann, German politician (b. 1520)
September 10 – Richard Grenville, English soldier and explorer (b. 1542)
September 19 – Alonso de Orozco Mena, Spanish Catholic priest (b. 1500)
September 25 – Christian I, Elector of Saxony (b. 1560)
September 29 – Count Johan II of East Frisia (b. 1538)
October 15 – Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (b. 1555)
October 16 – Pope Gregory XIV (b. 1535)^[174]
November 20 – Christopher Hatton, English politician (b. 1540)
December 14 – Saint John of the Cross, Spanish Carmelite friar and poet (b. 1542)
December 18 – Marigje Arriens, Dutch woman executed for witchcraft (b. c. 1520)
December 30 – Pope Innocent IX (b. 1519)^[175]

Ananias Dare, father of Virginia Dare, (b. circa 1560)
Virginia Dare, first English child born in America, (b. 1587) (Unverified)
(by February 6) – Crispin van den Broeck, Flemish painter (b. 1523)
John Erskine of Dun, Scottish religious reformer (b. 1509)
Veronica Franco, Italian poet and courtesan (b. 1546)

1592

January 5 – William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman (b. 1516)
January 22 – Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France (b. 1554)
January 27 – Gian Paolo Lomazzo, Italian painter (b. 1538)
February 2 – Ana de Mendoza, Princess of Eboli, Spanish noble (b. 1540)
February 29 – Alessandro Striggio, Italian composer (b. 1540)
March 4 – Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg and administrator of Ratzeburg (b. 1537)
March 5 – Michiel Coxie, Flemish painter (b. 1499)
March 22 – Johann VII, Duke of Mecklenburg, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1576–1592) (b. 1558)
April 8 – Dorothea Susanne of Simmern, Duchess of Saxe-Weimar (b. 1544)
April 13 – Bartolomeo Ammannati, Italian architect and sculptor (b. 1511)
April 18 – George John I, Count Palatine of Veldenz (b. 1543)
April 21 – Christoph, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (b. 1552)
May 17 – Paschal Baylon, Spanish mystic and saint (b. 1540)
May 24 – Nikolaus Selnecker, German musician (b. 1530)
June 17 – Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania (b. 1545)
July 1 – Marc'Antonio Ingegneri, Italian composer (b. c. 1547)
July 4 – Francesco Bassano the Younger, Italian painter (b. 1559)
July 6 – John George of Ohlau, Duke of Oława and Wołów (1586–1592) (b. 1552)
July 18 – Sibylle of Saxony, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1515)
July 22 – Ludwig Rabus, German martyrologist (b. 1523)
July 26 – Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron, French soldier (b. 1524)
August 20 – William the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1535)
August 25
- William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) (b. 1532)
- Shimazu Toshihisa, Japanese samurai (b. 1537)
September 3 – Robert Greene, English writer (b. 1558)
September 13 – Michel de Montaigne, French essayist (b. 1533)^[176]
September 20 – Francisco Vallés, Spanish physician (b. 1524)
October 15 – Jean Vendeville, law professor, Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1527)
October 19 – Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu, English politician (b. 1528)
October 28 – Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Flemish diplomat (b. 1522)
November 17 – King John III of Sweden (b. 1537)^[177]
November 27 – Nakagawa Hidemasa, Japanese military commander (b. 1568)
December 3 – Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1545)
Date unknown
- Moderata Fonte, Italian poet, writer and philosopher (b. 1555)
- Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, Spanish explorer (b. 1532)
- Katharina Gerlachin, German printer (b. 1520)
- Girolamo Muziano, Italian painter (b. 1532)

1593

January 8 – Mingyi Swa, Burmese crown prince (b. 1558)
January 11 – Scipione Gonzaga, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1542)
February 6
- Jacques Amyot, French writer (b. 1513)
- Emperor Ōgimachi of Japan (b. 1517)
March 8 – Paul Luther, German scientist (b. 1533)
March 23 – Henry Barrowe, English Puritan and separatist (b. 1550)
April 6 – John Greenwood, English Puritan and separatist (hanged) (b. 1556)
April 24 – William Harrison, English clergyman (b. 1534)
May 29 – John Penry, Welsh Protestant (hanged) (b. 1559)^[178]
May 30 – Christopher Marlowe, English poet and playwright (murdered) (b. 1564)^[179]
June 3 – Katarina Bengtsdotter Gylta, Swedish abbess (b. 1520)
June 25 – Michele Mercati, Italian physician and botanist (b. 1541)
July 4 – Min Phalaung, Burmese monarch (b. 1535)
July 11 – Giuseppe Arcimboldo, Italian painter (b. 1526)
September 5 – Andreas von Auersperg, Carniolan noble and military commander in the battle of Sisak (b. 1556)
September 25 – Henry Stanley, 4th Earl of Derby, English nobleman, diplomat and politician (b. 1531)
October 25 – Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas, Spanish colonial administrator (murdered) (b. 1519)
November 11 – Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (b. 1537)
November 20 – Hans Bol, Flemish artist (b. 1534)
date unknown
- Chŏng Ch'ŏl, Korean administrator and poet (b. 1536)
- Krzysztof Kosiński, Polish noble (b. 1545)
- Li Shizhen, Chinese physician, pharmacologist, and mineralogist (b. 1518)

1594

February – Barnabe Googe, English poet (b. 1540)
February 2 – Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, Italian composer (b. 1525)^[180]
February 8 – Countess Palatine Elisabeth of Simmern-Sponheim, Duchess of Saxony (b. 1540)
April 16 – Ferdinando Stanley, 5th Earl of Derby (b. 1559), second in line to the throne of England^[181]
April 29 – Thomas Cooper, English bishop, lexicographer, and writer (b. c. 1517)
May 2 – Edward Atslowe, English physician
May 15 – Charlotte de La Marck, French duchess (b. 1574)
May 30 – Bálint Balassi, Hungarian writer and noble (b. 1554)
May 31
- Tintoretto, Italian painter (b. 1518)^[182]
- Francesco Panigarola, Italian bishop (b. 1548)
June 3 – John Aylmer, English divine (b. 1521)
June 7 – Rodrigo Lopez, Queen Elizabeth's physician (executed for treason) (b. 1525)
June 14 – Orlande de Lassus, Flemish composer (b. 1532)^[183]
June 29 – Niels Kaas, Danish chancellor (b. 1535)
July – Girolamo Mei, Italian historian and humanist (b. 1519)
July 10 – Paolo Bellasio, Italian composer and organist (b. 1554)
August 5 – Archduchess Eleanor of Austria (b. 1534)
October 8 – Ishikawa Goemon, Japanese ninja and thief (b. 1558)
October 16 – William Allen, English cardinal (b. 1532)
November 15 – Sir Martin Frobisher, British explorer (b. 1535)^[184]
November 20 – Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela, General Inquisitor of Spain (b. 1512)
November 29 – Alonso de Ercilla y Zúñiga, Basque soldier and poet (b. 1533)
December 2 – Gerardus Mercator, Flemish-German cartographer (b. 1512)
December 16 – Allison Balfour, alleged Scottish witch
date unknown
- John Johnson, English lutenist and composer (b. c. 1545)
- Thomas Kyd, author of The Spanish Tragedy (b. 1558)

1595

January 2 – Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg, German princess (b. 1527)
January 15 – Murad III, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1546)
January 24 – Ferdinand II, Archduke of Austria, regent of Tyrol and Further Austria (b. 1529)
February – William Painter, English translator (b. 1540)
February 20 – Archduke Ernest of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (b. 1553)
February 21 – Robert Southwell, Jesuit priest and poet (b. 1561)
April 25 – Torquato Tasso, Italian poet (b. 1544)^[185]
May 4 – Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle, Cardinal and 52nd Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1531)
May 14 – Wolfgang, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. 1531)
May 19 – John Frederick II, Duke of Saxony (b. 1529)
May 25
- Valens Acidalius, German critic and poet (b. 1567)
- Philip Neri, Italian Roman Catholic priest and saint (b. 1515)^[186]
June 23 – Louis Carrion, Flemish humanist and classical scholar (b. 1547)
June 26 – Magnus, Duke of Östergötland, Swedish prince (b. 1542)
July 10 – Udai Singh of Marwar, Ruler of Marwar (b. 1538)
July 23 – Thoinot Arbeau, French priest and author (b. 1519)
August 24 – Thomas Digges, English astronomer (b. 1546)
August 26 – Antonio, Prior of Crato, claimant to the throne of Portugal (b. 1531)
September 3 – Philip of Nassau, Count of Nassau (b. 1566)
September 4 – Jeremias II of Constantinople (b. 1530)
October 15 – Faizi, Indo-Persian poet and scholar (b. 1547)
October 18 – Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira, Spanish navigator and explorer (b. 1542)
October 19 – Philip Howard, 20th Earl of Arundel, English nobleman (b. 1537)
October 23 – Louis Gonzaga, Duke of Nevers, Italian-French dignitary and diplomat (b. 1539)
November 4 – Francesco Cattani da Diacceto, Bishop of Fiesole (b. 1531)
November 5 – Luis Barahona de Soto, Spanish poet (b. 1548)
November 12 – John Hawkins, English shipbuilder and trader (b. 1532)
November 23 – Clara of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Abbess of Gandersheim and Duchess of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. 1532)
December 11 – Philipe de Croÿ, Duke of Aerschot (b. 1526)
December 14 – Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (b. 1535)
date unknown
- Grzegorz Branicki, Polish noble (b. 1534)
- Helena Antonia, court dwarf (b. 1550)
- Turlough Luineach O'Neill, Irish chief of Tyrone (b. c. 1530)
- Robert Sempill, Scottish ballad-writer (b. 1530)
- Thomas Whythorne, English author and musician (b. 1528)

1596

January 28 – Sir Francis Drake, English explorer, sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, pirate and politician (b. c. 1540)^[187]
February 7 – George I, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1547)
February 17 – Friedrich Sylburg, German classical scholar (b. 1536)
February 19 – Blaise de Vigenère, French cryptographer, diplomat, scientist, and author (b. 1523)
March 23 – Henry Unton, English diplomat (b. 1557)
March 27 – Frederick IV of Liegnitz, German noble (b. 1552)
April 4 – Philip II, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. 1533)
May – Janet Fockart, Scottish merchant and moneylender
May 5 – Catherine de Montpensier, politically active French duchess (b. 1552)
May 6 – Giaches de Wert, Flemish composer (b. 1535)
May 31 – John Lesley, Scottish bishop (b. 1527)
June 10 – John Louis I, Count of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, Germany noble (b. 1567)
July 10 – Alessandro Alberti, Italian painter (b. 1551)
July 23 – Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (b. 1526)
August 11 – Hamnet Shakespeare, son of William Shakespeare (b. 1585)
September 9 – Anna Jagiellon, queen of Poland (b. 1523)
September 14 – Francisco de Toledo, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1532)
September 15 – Leonhard Rauwolf, German physician and botanist (b. 1535)
October 3 – Florent Chrestien, French writer (b. 1541)
October 26 – István Esterházy, Hungarian noble (b. 1572)
November 1 – Pierre Pithou, French lawyer and scholar (b. 1539)^[188]
November 10 – Peter Wentworth, English Puritan politician (b. 1530)
November 29
- William Gibson (martyr), English Catholic martyr
- Venerable William Knight, English Catholic martyr (b. 1572)
December 8 – Francisca Nuñez de Carabajal, Portuguese-born marrano, burned at the stake
December 27 – Pietro Pontio, Italian music theorist and composer (b. 1532)
date unknown
- Jean Bodin, French jurist (born 1530)
- Anna Wecker, German writer
- Hattori Hanzō, Japanese ninja under Tokugawa Ieyasu (b. 1541)
probable – Henry Willobie, English poet (b. 1575)

1597

January 29
- Maharana Pratap, Indian statesman (b. 1540)
- Elias Ammerbach, German organist (b. 1530)
February 2 – James Burbage, English actor
February 5
- Francisco Blanco, Spanish Franciscan and Roman Catholic priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b. 1570)
- Gonsalo Garcia, Portuguese Franciscan and Roman Catholic priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b. 1557)
- Paulo Miki, Japanese Roman Catholic priest, martyr and saint (b. c. 1562)
- Philip of Jesus, Mexican Roman Catholic priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b. 1572)
- 26 Martyrs of Japan
February 6 – Franciscus Patricius, Italian philosopher and scientist (b. 1529)
February 16 – Gilbert Génébrard, French Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1535)
March 6 – William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham, English noble and politician (b. 1527)
April 2 – Blas Valera, Peruvian historian (b. 1545)
April 16 – Caspar Cruciger the Younger, German theologian (b. 1525)
June 6 – William Hunnis, English poet
June 8 – Barbara of Hesse (b. 1536)
June 9 – José de Anchieta, Spanish Jesuit missionary (b. 1534)
June 18 – Markus Fugger, German businessman (b. 1529)
June 20 – Willem Barents, Dutch navigator and explorer (b. c. 1550)^[189]
July 8 – Luís Fróis, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (b. 1532)
July 19 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (b. 1568)
July 20 – Franciscus Raphelengius, Dutch printer (b. 1539)
July 22 – Gabriele Paleotti, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1522)
August 27
- Wŏn Kyun, Korean general and admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (b. 1540)
- Yi Ŏkki, Korean admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (b. 1561)
September 3 – Jakobea of Baden, Margravine of Baden by birth, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (b. 1558)
September 9 – Helena Magenbuch, German pharmacist (b. 1523)
September 20 – Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria, Austrian archduchess (b. 1581)
September 30 – William I, Count of Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen (b. 1534)
October 4 – Sarsa Dengel, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1550)^[190]
October 19 – Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shōgun (b. 1537)
October 23 – Cyriakus Schneegass, German hymnwriter (b. 1546)
October 27 – Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Italian noble (b. 1533)
November 1 – Edward Kelley, English spirit medium (b. 1555)
November 11 – Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg, German noble (b. 1570)
November 6 – Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain (b. 1567)
December 17 – Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein (b. 1557)
December 21 – Petrus Canisius, Dutch Jesuit priest and saint (b. 1521)^[191]
date unknown – Margaretha Coppier, Dutch heroine (b. 1516)

1598

January 8 – John George, Elector of Brandenburg, Margrave and Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia (b. 1525)
January 9 – Jasper Heywood, English Jesuit classicist and translator (b. 1553)
January 16 – Tsar Feodor I of Russia (b. 1557)^[192]
February 10 – Anne of Austria, Queen of Poland (b. 1573)
March 4 or March 5 – Lucas Maius, Lutheran Reformation pastor, theologian and playwright (b. 1522)
March 28 – Michele Bonelli, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1541)
April 8 – Ludwig Helmbold, German classical singer (b. 1532)
April 10 – Jacopo Mazzoni, Italian philosopher (b. 1548)
April 19
- Hans Fugger, German businessman (b. 1531)
- Rokkaku Yoshikata, Japanese daimyō (b. 1521)
May 3 – Anna Guarini, Italian singer (b. 1563)
May 18 – Philipp of Bavaria, German Catholic cardinal (b. 1576)
June – Emery Molyneux, English maker of globes and instruments (date of birth unknown)
June 28 – Abraham Ortelius, Flemish cartographer and geographer (b. 1527)
June 25 – Giacomo Gaggini, Italian artist (b. 1517)
August 4 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (b. 1520)^[193]
August 9 – Andreas Angelus, German pastor, teacher, chronicler of the Mark of Brandenburg (b. 1561)
September 13 – Philip II of Spain (b. 1527)^[194]
September 18 – Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1537)
October 11 – Joachim Camerarius the Younger, German scientist (b. 1534)
November 12 – Johannes Schenck von Grafenberg, German physician (b. 1530)
December 6 – Paolo Paruta, Italian historian (b. 1540)^[195]
December 15 – Philips of Marnix, Lord of Saint-Aldegonde, Dutch writer and statesman (b. 1538)^[196]
December 16 – Yi Sun-sin, Korean naval leader (b. 1545)
December 31 – Heinrich Rantzau, German humanist writer, astrologer, and astrological writer (b. 1526)
date unknown
- Abdulla Khan, Uzbek/Turkoman ruler
- Teodora Ginés, Dominican musician and composer (b. c. 1530)
- Nicolas Pithou, French lawyer and author (b. 1524)

1599

January 13 – Edmund Spenser, English poet (b. 1552)^[197]
January 22 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian composer (b. 1547)
February 8 – Robert Rollock, Scottish Presbyterian, first principal of the university of Edinburgh (b. 1555)
March 19 – Stanisław Radziwiłł, Grand Marshal of Lithuania (b. 1559)
April 1 – Matsura Takanobu, Japanese samurai (b, 1529)^[198]
April 10 – Gabrielle d'Estrées, mistress of King Henry IV of France (b. 1573)^[199]
April 14 – Henry Wallop, English statesman (b. c. 1540)
April 22 – Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau, German botanist (b. 1552)
April 27 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1538)
May 12 – Sultan Murad Mirza, Mughal prince (b. 1570)
May 28 – Maria of Nassau, Dutch Countess (b. 1539)
June 2 – Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1541)
June 14 – Kōriki Masanaga, Japanese military commander (b. 1558)
June 29 – Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria, Austrian archduchess (b. 1576)
July – Kwon Yul, Korean military commander (b. 1537)
July 11 – Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese Sengoku Period daimyō
August 22 – Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (b. 1553)
September 1 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (b.1565)
September 11 – Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman (executed for patricide) (b. 1577)^[200]
August 8 – Song Ik-pil, Korean scholar (b. 1534)
October 18 – Daniel Adam z Veleslavína, Czech lexicographer (b. 1546)
November 3 – Andrew Báthory, deposed Prince of Transylvania (decapitated) (b. c. 1563)
November 7 – Gasparo Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon (b. 1545)
November 8 – Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528)^[201]
November 22 – Nanbu Nobunao, Japanese daimyō (b. 1546)
December 13 – Enrico Caetani, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1550)
December 14 – Joan Boyle, English noble, first spouse of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork (b. 1578)
December 27 – Francisco Pérez de Valenzuela, Spanish noble (b. 1528)
After December 18 – Minye Kyawswa II of Ava, Burmese defecting crown prince of the Toungoo Empire (killed by invading forces) (b. 1567)
date unknown – Chand Bibi, Indian regent and warrior (b. 1550)

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