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1945 in the Netherlands
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Events in the year 1945 in the Netherlands.
Incumbents
- Monarch: Wilhelmina
- Prime Minister: Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (until 25 June); Willem Schermerhorn (from 25 June)
Events
January
- 2 Jan: Special meeting of the Council of Ministers to discuss the position of the Militair Gezag[1]
- 11 Jan: The cabinet accepts that the queen does not sign the arrangement for the emergency parliament.[1]
- 14 Jan: Commencement of the evacuation of Venlo.[1]
- 20 Jan: Commencement of the evacuation of Roermond.[1]
- 22 Jan: The ministers approve a letter from Gerbrandy warning the queen against the formation of a royal cabinet.[1]
- 23 Jan: Gerbrandy dismisses Burger from the cabinet due to a radio speech and tenders the resignation of the cabinet.[1]
- 31 Jan: A delegation invited by the queen from the liberated South arrives in London.[1]
February
- 5 Feb: Minister van Kleffens refuses to form a cabinet.[1]
- 8 Feb: The queen instructs Gerbrandy to form a new cabinet.[1]
- 10 Feb: The arrestation regulations for the area to be liberated are established.[1]
- 15 Feb: Minister van Heuven Goedhart inaugurates the first Tribunal.[1]
- 23 Feb: Announcement of the composition, to the extent completed, of the third Gerbrandy cabinet.[1]
- 24 Feb: Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy urges Eisenhower's Chief of Staff Bedell Smith for a separate offensive for the liberation of the Netherlands north of the major rivers. [2]
March
- 1 Mar: Liberation of Roermond and Venlo.[2]
- 3 Mar: Bombing of the Bezuidenhout quarter in The Hague.[2]
- 7 Mar: Rauter is seriously wounded in an ambush at Woeste Hoeve; two hundred and sixty-three death-row candidates are executed.[2]
- 14 Mar: The Combined Chiefs of Staff instruct Eisenhower to launch a separate offensive for the liberation of West Netherlands.[2]
- 18 Mar: J.J.F. Borghouts ('Peter-Zuid') arrives in occupied territory as the Commander of the Fighting Section of the BS (Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten/Interior Forces).[2]
- 30 Mar: Commencement of the liberation of East and North Netherlands.[2]
April
- 2 Apr: In a conversation with Hirschfeld, Seyss-Inquart suggests the idea of a ceasefire that would allow large-scale assistance to the famine-stricken provinces.[2]
- 4 Apr: Mussert flees over the Afsluitdijk to The Hague.[2]
- 6 Apr: Start of the Georgian uprising on Texel.[2]
- 7 to 8 April – Operation Amherst
- 9 Apr: Consultation between the Trusted Men and members of Koot's staff regarding Seyss-Inquart's offer.[2]
- 11 Apr:
- 12 Apr:
- 12 to 16 April – Liberation of Arnhem
- 14 Apr:
- 15 Apr: Gerbrandy meets with Churchill to discuss Seyss-Inquart's offer.[2]
- 17 Apr: Inundation of the Wieringermeer.[2]
- 18 Apr: The entire East and North of the country is liberated except for the area near Delfzijl and the Wadden Islands.[2]
- 21 Apr: The resistance sends its first telegram to London, protesting against the negotiations with Seyss-Inquart.[2]
- 23 Apr: The Combined Chiefs of Staff authorize Eisenhower to conclude a ceasefire with Seyss-Inquart. [2]
- 28 Apr: In Achterveld, the German Schwebel and Montgomery's Chief of Staff de Guingand reach an agreement for a conference with Seyss-Inquart.[2]
- 29 Apr:
- 30 Apr:
- Suicide of Adolf Hitler
- In Achterveld, Seyss-Inquart approves arrangements for rapid assistance to the famine-stricken provinces.[2]
May
- 2 May: First food transports to the famine-stricken provinces by road, via Rhenen.[2]
- 2–3 May: Seyss-Inquart departs for Flensburg for discussions with Dönitz.[2]
- 4 May:
- Montgomery accepts the capitulation of the 'Wehrmacht' in Northwest Europe, including the Netherlands.[2]
- 'Mobilization' of the BS (Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten/Interior Forces) in the famine-stricken provinces.[2]
- 5 May:
- General Johannes Blaskowitz receives the capitulation order presented by General Foulkes at Hotel 'De Wereld' in Wageningen.[2]
- Radio speech by Queen Wilhelmina.[2]
- The first food ships arrive in Rotterdam.[2]
- An Allied vanguard arrives in Copenhagen.[2]
- 6 May: General Blaskowitz signs the capitulation order presented to him the previous day in the auditorium of the Agricultural College in Wageningen.[2]
- 7 May:
- 8 May:
- 13 May: German deserter execution
- 16 May: Dissolution of the College of Trusted Men.[2]
- 20 May: A Canadian force arrives on Texel and the local German forces surrender, ending the Georgian uprising on Texel. The Georgians are allowed to retain their arms.[3]
June
- 3 Jun: German forces on the island of Ameland surrender.[4]
- 11 Jun: The last 600 active German troops in the Netherlands, on the island of Schiermonnikoog, surrender to the Canadians and are evacuated from the island, completing the liberation of the Netherlands.[5]
- 16 Jun: The Georgian Legion is evacuated from Texel.[3]
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Births
- 4 January – Jean Bessems, carom and artistic billiards player
- 6 January – Anja Meulenbelt, politician and writer
- 10 January – Henri Bol, still life painter (d. 2000)
- 25 January – Lennaert Nijgh, lyricist (d. 2002)
- 3 February – Willeke Alberti, singer and actress
- 16 February – Toon van Driel, cartoonist, comics writer and comics artist
- 16 February – L. H. Wiener, writer
- 17 February – Chris Dolman, martial artist and professional wrestler
- 3 March – Gee van Enst, rower.[6]
- 14 March – René de Boer, sculptor
- 14 March – Herman van Veen, stage performer, actor, author, singer/songwriter and musician
- 28 March – Bert Groen, corporate director, civil servant and politician
- 29 March – Willem Ruis, game show presenter (d. 1986)
- 4 May – Jan Mulder, footballer, writer, columnist, and TV personality
- 8 May – Arthur Docters van Leeuwen, politician, jurist and civil servant
- 20 May – Saskia Holleman, actress, lawyer and model (d. 2013).[7]
- 25 May – Nicolaas Matsier, novelist
- 12 June – Gaby Minneboo, cyclist
- 15 June – Corrie Bakker, track and field athlete.[8]
- 16 June – Roy Ho Ten Soeng, politician
- 20 June – Jan Dietz, information systems researcher
- 9 July – Erik van der Wurff, pianist, composer, arranger, producer and conductor (d. 2014)
- 17 August – Rudi Lubbers, boxer.[9]
- 27 August – Jan Sloot, electronics engineer (d. 1999)
- 28 September – Vincent Mentzel, photographer
- 24 October – Ernst Jansen Steur, neurologist
- 30 October – Fred Rompelberg, cyclist
- 2 November – Cees Stam, track cyclist
- 19 November – Hans Monderman, road traffic engineer and innovator (d. 2008)
- 27 November – Phil Bloom, artist, entertainer and actress
Full date missing
- Christian Dumolin, businessman
- Henk van der Flier, psychologist
- Jan Plas, kickboxer (d. 2010)
- Madelon Vriesendorp, artist
Deaths
- 2 January – Arie Bijl, physicist (b. 1908)
- 30 January – Jur Haak, footballer (b. 1890)
- 1 February – Johan Huizinga, historian (b. 1972)
- 9 February – Piet Klijnveld, accountant (b. 1874)
- 12 February – Walraven van Hall, banker and resistance leader (b. 1906)
- 17 February – Gabrielle Weidner, resistance fighter (b. 1914)
- 1 April – Piet Tekelenburg, footballer (b. 1894)
- 15 April – Joannes Cassianus Pompe, pathologist (b. 1901)
- 17 April – Hannie Schaft, communist resistance fighter during World War II (b. 1920)
- 28 May – Lothar van Gogh, footballer (b. 1888)
- 16 August – Nico Richter, composer (b. 1915)
- 25 August – Henriëtte van der Meij, feminist (b. 1850)
- 7 September – Harry Kuneman, governor (b. 1886)
- 22 October – Jac. van Ginneken, linguist, priest and Jesuit (b. 1877)
- 13 November – Albert Heijn, entrepreneur (b. 1865)
Full date missing
- Anne Frank, diarist (b. 1929)
- Margot Frank (b. 1926)
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See also
References
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