2009 in paleontology

Overview of the events of 2009 in paleontology From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2009 in paleontology

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2009.

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List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
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2009
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In paleobotany
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
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In arthropod paleontology
2006
2007
2008
2009
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In paleoentomology
2006
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2009
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In paleomalacology
2006
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2008
2009
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In reptile paleontology
2006
2007
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2009
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In archosaur paleontology
2006
2007
2008
2009
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In mammal paleontology
2006
2007
2008
2009
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In paleoichthyology
2006
2007
2008
2009
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Important taxa described (but not necessarily validly named) in 2009

Arthropods

Cephalopods

Three new species of extinct Octopoda discovered in 2009. The species – Keuppia hyperbolaris, Keuppia levante, and Styletoctopus annae – lived about 95 million years ago, and bear a strong resemblance to modern octopuses, suggesting that the Octopoda order has remained relatively unchanged for tens of millions of years. The fossils included evidence of arms, muscles, rows of suckers, ink, and internal gills. The discovery was made by a team led by Dirk Fuchs of the Freie University, which is located at Berlin, Germany.[2] The fossils were found at Hakel and Hadjoula, Lebanon.[3] Various new ammonoid taxa were named, including Ivoites.

More information Name, Novelty ...
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Keuppia[4]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Fuchs, Bracchi, & Weis

Upper Cenomanian

 Lebanon

Thumb
Keuppia levante

Styletoctopus[4]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Fuchs, Bracchi, & Weis

Upper Cenomanian

 Lebanon

Ivoites[5]

gen nov

Valid

De Baets, Klug, & Korn

Lower Emsian

 Germany

Close

Cartilaginous fish

More information Name, Novelty ...
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Gansuselache[6]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Wang et al.

Late Permian

Fangshankou Formation

 China

A member of Hybodontoidea. Genus includes new species G. tungshengi.

Papilionichthys[7]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

  • Grogan
  • Lund

Carboniferous (Serpukhovian)

Bear Gulch Limestone

 United States

A member of Iniopterygidae. The type species is P. stahlae.

Rainerichthys[7]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

  • Grogan
  • Lund

Carboniferous (Serpukhovian)

Bear Gulch Limestone

 United States

A member of Iniopterygidae. The type species is R. zangerli.

Close

Bony fish

Summarize
Perspective
More information Name, Status ...
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images
Aphanius yerevanicus[8]

Valid

  • Vasilyan
  • Reichenbacher
  • Carnevale

Late Miocene

 Armenia

A pupfish, a species of Aphanius.
Carpathoserranoides[9]

Valid

  • Prokofiev

Oligocene

 Czech Republic
 Poland

A member of Percoidei. The type species is C. brnoensis; genus also includes C. polonicus.
Caucasoserranoides[9]

Valid

  • Prokofiev

Oligocene

 Russia

A member of Percoidei. The type species is C. morozkiensis.
Eophryne[10]

Valid

  • Carnevale
  • Pietsch

Eocene (late Ypresian)

Monte Bolca locality

 Italy

A frogfish. The type species is Eophryne barbutii.
Gogosardina[11]

Valid

  • Choo
  • Long
  • Trinajstic

Late Devonian

Gogo Formation

 Australia

An early ray-finned fish. Genus includes new species G. coatesi.
Heddleichthys[12]

Valid

  • Snitting

Famennian (Late Devonian)

Dura Den Formation

 Scotland

Hendrixella[13]

Valid

  • Bannikov
  • Carnevale

Eocene (late Ypresian)

Monte Bolca locality

 Italy

A member of Percoidei of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hendrixella grandei.
Langlieria[14]

Valid

  • Clément
  • Snitting
  • Ahlberg

Famennian (Late Devonian)

Evieux Formation

 Belgium

Oligoserranoides[9]

Valid

  • Prokofiev

Oligocene

Abkhazia
 Azerbaijan
 Czech Republic
 France
 Germany
 Hungary
 Poland
 Romania
 Russia
 Ukraine

A member of Percoidei. The type species is "Smerdis" budensis Heckel (1856); genus also includes "Serranus" comparabilis Daniltshenko (1960).
Ridewoodichthys[15]

Valid

  • Taverne

Early Paleocene

 Angola

An arowana; a new genus for "Brychaetus" caheni Taverne (1969).
Ungarnia[9]

Valid

  • Prokofiev

Oligocene

 Romania

A member of Percoidei. The type species is "Serranus" transsylvanicus Bohm (1942).
Close
  • Shimada, K.; Everhart, M.J. (2009). "First record of Anomoeodus (Osteichthyes: Pycnodontiformes) from the Upper Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas". Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. 112 (1/2): 98–102. doi:10.1660/062.112.0212. S2CID 83951062.

Amphibians

Newly named amphibians

More information Name, Status ...
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Baphetes orientalis[16]

Valid

  • Milner
  • Milner
  • Walsh

Late Carboniferous

 Czech Republic

Cratia[17]

Valid

  • Báez
  • Moura
  • Gómez

Lower Cretaceous

Crato Formation

 Brazil

Possible stem neobatrachian

Eurycephalella[17]

Valid

  • Báez
  • Moura
  • Gómez

Lower Cretaceous

Crato Formation

 Brazil

A hyloid

Nannaroter[18]

Valid

Early Permian

 USA

The smallest known ostodolepid microsaur

Nesovtriton[19]

Valid

  • Skutschas

Turonian

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

A cryptobranchoid salamander

Regalerpeton[20]

Valid

Early Cretaceous

Huajiying Formation

 China

A cryptobranchoid salamander

Spinarerpeton[21]

Valid

  • Klembara

Early Permian

Boskovice Furrow

 Czech Republic

A discosauriscid seymouriamorph

Close

Basal reptiles

Newly named basal reptiles

More information Name, Status ...
Name Status Authors Discovery year Age Unit Location Notes Images

Australothyris[22]

Valid

Middle Permian

Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone

 South Africa

A basal parareptile

Procolina[23]

Valid

  • Borsuk−Białynicka
  • Lubka

early Late Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

A procolophonine procolophonid

Close

Turtles

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Perspective

Newly named turtles

More information Name, Status ...
Name Status Authors Discovery year Age Unit Location Notes Images

Angolachelys[24]

Valid

Turonian (Late Cretaceous)

 Angola

Aurorachelys[25]

Valid

Late Cretaceous

Strand Fiord Formation

 Canada

Basilochelys[26]

Valid

Late Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous

Phu Kradung Formation

 Thailand

Cedrobaena[27]

Valid

  • Lyson
  • Joyce

Paleocene

Fort Union Formation

 USA

New genus for "Plesiobaena" putorius Gaffney, 1972

Chelonoidis alburyorum[28]

Valid

  • Franz
  • Franz

Holocene

 The Bahamas

A tortoise.

Chinlechelys[29]

Valid

  • Joyce et al.

Late Triassic (Norian)

Bull Canyon Formation

 United States

A basal member of Testudinata. The type species is C. tenertesta. The genus Chinlechelys was considered to be a junior synonym of the genus Proganochelys by Joyce (2017), though the author maintained C. tenertesta as a distinct species within the latter genus.[30]

Derrisemys[31]

Junior synonym

  • Hutchison

Early Paleocene

 USA

Junior synonym of Hutchemys.[32]

Eileanchelys[33]

Valid

Middle Jurassic

Kilmaluag Formation

 Scotland

Hutchemys[34]

Valid

  • Joyce
  • Revan
  • Lyson
  • Danilov

Paleocene

Fort Union Formation
Tullock Formation

 USA

A plastomenine softshell turtles

Kinkonychelys[35]

Valid

Late Cretaceous

Maevarano Formation

 Madagascar

Palatobaena cohen[36]

Valid

  • Lyson
  • Joyce

Maastrichtian

Hell Creek Formation

 USA

A baenid

Peckemys[27]

Valid

  • Lyson
  • Joyce

Late Cretaceous

Hell Creek Formation

 USA

A baenid

Plastomenoides[31]

Junior synonym

  • Hutchison

Early Paleocene

 USA

Junior synonym of Hutchemys.[32]

Close

Archosauromorphs

Basal archosauromorphs

More information Newly named basal archosauromorphs, Name ...
Newly named basal archosauromorphs
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Czatkowiella[37]

Valid

  • Borsuk−Białynicka
  • Evans

earliest Late Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

A long−necked archosauromorph

Close

Archosaurs

Lepidosauromorphs

Summarize
Perspective

Basal lepidosauromorphs

More information Newly named basal lepidosauromorphs, Name ...
Newly named basal lepidosauromorphs
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Pamelina[38]

Valid

Early Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

A basal kuehneosaurid

Sophineta[39]

Valid

  • Evans
  • Borsuk−Białynicka

earliest Late Olenekian

Czatkowice 1

 Poland

A basal lepidosauromorph

Close

Plesiosaurs

More information Newly named plesiosaurs, Name ...
Newly named plesiosaurs
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Gallardosaurus[40]

Valid

  • Gasparini

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

Jagua Formation

 Cuba

Thumb
Gallardosaurus

Nichollssaura[41]

Valid

  • Druckenmiller
  • Russell

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Clearwater Formation

 Canada

Replacement name for Nichollsia Druckenmiller & Russell, 2008, preoccupied by an isopod genus Nichollsia Chopra & Tiwari, 1950

Thumb
Nichollssaura.

Rarosaurus[42]

Disputed

  • Kaddumi

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Jordan

A member of Polycotylidae. The type species is R. singularis.

Close

Squamates

More information Name, Novelty ...
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Carinodens minalmamar[43]

Sp. nov

Valid

Schulp, Bardet & Bouya

Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)

 Morocco

A mosasaur.

Titanoboa[44]

Gen. et sp. nov

Valid

Head et al.

Paleocene

Cerrejón Formation

 Colombia

In February, the fossils of 28 individual T. cerrejonensis (Titanoboas) were announced to have been found in the coal mines of Cerrejón, La Guajira, Colombia.[45]

Close

Synapsids

Non-mammalian

More information Name, Status ...
Name Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Protuberum[46]

Valid

  • Reichel
  • Schultz
  • Soares

Middle Triassic (Ladinian)

Santa Maria Formation

 Brazil

Raranimus[47]

Valid

  • Liu
  • Rubidge
  • Li

Middle Permian (Roadian)

Xidagou Formation

 China

Thumb
Raranimus dasahankouensis

Yuanotherium[48]

Valid

  • Hu
  • Meng
  • Clark

Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)

Shishugou Formation

 China

Close

Mammals

Plants

Angiosperms

More information Name, Novelty ...
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Eucalyptolaurus[49]

gen et sp nov

Valid

Coiffard et al.

uppermost Albian-lowermost Cenomanian

Charente-Maritimes

 France

Close

Relevant research in other sciences

Summarize
Perspective

Evolutionary biology

  • A study is published that proposes that females from certain taxa use ornaments as a criterion for mate choice because other dimorphic structures, like biological "weaponry" could be used to coerce or force them to mate.[50]
  • A study concludes that biotic factors have more pronounced local and short term evolutionary impacts than abiotic factors, which in turn have a more pronounced effect through time and on biodiversity as a whole.[51]

Extinction

A study noting the effects of the KT mass extinction on Earth's modern biota is published.[52]

Geology

Ichnology

Paleobiogeography

  • Pereda-Suberbiola X (2009). "Biogeographical affinities of Late Cretaceous continental tetrapods of Europe: a review". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 180 (1): 57–71. doi:10.2113/gssgfbull.180.1.57.

Paleoecology

  • Nicolas M., Rubidge B.S. (2009). "Changes in Permo-Triassic terrestrial tetrapod ecological representation in the Beaufort Group (Karoo Supergroup) of South Africa". Lethaia. 43: 45–59. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00171.x.

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