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5-APB
Empathogenic psychoactive designer drug From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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5-APB, also known as 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, is an entactogen of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and benzofuran families. 5-APB and related drugs have sometimes been informally called "Benzofury".
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5-APB was first described in the scientific literature in 2000[2][3][4][5] and emerged as a novel designer drug in 2010.[3][4][6][7]
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Use and effects
Users describe the effects of 5-APB as including euphoria among others.[3] Largely, its effects reported were similar to those of the drug MDMA but not as strong.[citation needed] The drug has been reported to produce visual disturbances and is said to have mild psychedelic effects.[3][8]
Recreational use of 5-APB has been associated with death in combination with other drugs[9][10] and solely as the result of 5-APB.[11]
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Interactions
Pharmacology
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Pharmacodynamics
5-APB acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with EC50 values for monoamine release of 19 nM for serotonin, 21 nM for norepinephrine, and 31 nM for dopamine in rat brain synaptosomes.[6][12] It is also a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI).[6]
5-APB is a potent agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors.[6][12] Its EC50 (Emax) values were 6,300 nM (54%) at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor and 280 nM (61–92%) at the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor.[6][12] It also shows affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor (Ki = 880 nM) and the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor (Ki = 3,300 nM).[6][12] It has been reported to act as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2C receptor similarly to the serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors.[3][13] The drug's potent agonism of the serotonin 5-HT2B receptor makes it likely that 5-APB would be cardiotoxic with long-term use, as seen with other serotonin 5-HT2B receptor agonists such as fenfluramine and MDMA.[citation needed]
5-APB also shows high affinity for the mouse and rat trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1).[6]
In animal studies, 5-APB produces robust hyperlocomotion, robust conditioned place preference (CPP) but limited self-administration, fully substitutes for MDMA in drug discrimination tests, and partially substitutes for DOM, cocaine, and methamphetamine in drug discrimination tests.[14]
Chemistry
5-APB, also known as 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran, is a phenethylamine, amphetamine, and benzofuran and an analogue of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).
Properties
5-APB is commonly found as the succinate and hydrochloride salt. The hydrochloride salt is 10% more potent by mass and doses should be adjusted accordingly.
Synthesis
The chemical synthesis of 5-APB has been described.[5]
Detection
A forensic standard of 5-APB is available, and the compound has been posted on the Forendex website of potential drugs of abuse.[15] The US Department of Justice and DEA have also conducted studies concerning the detection of 5-APB.[16]
Analogues
Analogues of 5-APB include MDA, 5-APDB, 5-MAPB, 6-APB, 5-APBT, and 5-API, among others.
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History
5-APB, along with 6-APB, was first described in the scientific literature by Karin Briner and colleagues at Eli Lilly and Company in a patent in 2000.[2][3][4][5] They were specifically studied as serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonists for potential medical applications at this time.[2][3][4][5] The description of 5-APB and 6-APB in the literature had followed the earlier work on 5-APDB and 6-APDB as serotonin releasing agents and entactogens by David E. Nichols and colleagues at Purdue University in 1993.[4][6][17] 5-APB, along with 6-APB, emerged as a novel designer drug in 2010.[3][4][6][7] 5-APB and 6-APB are often confused with 5-APDB and 6-APDB.[4]
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Society and culture
Legal status
United Kingdom
On March 5, 2014 the UK Home Office announced that 5-APB would be made a class B drug on 10 June 2014 alongside every other benzofuran entactogen and many structurally related drugs.[18]
See also
References
External links
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