APOBEC3C

DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC3C gene.^[3][4]

APOBEC3C
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3VM8, 3VOW
Identifiers
Aliases	APOBEC3C, A3C, APOBEC1L, ARDC2, ARDC4, ARP5, PBI, bK150C2.3, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3C
External IDs	OMIM: 607750; HomoloGene: 129856; GeneCards: APOBEC3C; OMA:APOBEC3C - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 22 (human)[1] Band 22q13.1 Start 39,014,257 bp[1] End 39,020,352 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in white blood cell granulocyte monocyte lymph node right adrenal cortex left adrenal gland left adrenal cortex rectum stromal cell of endometrium smooth muscle tissue n/a More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines catalytic activity zinc ion binding hydrolase activity metal ion binding RNA binding cytidine deaminase activity Cellular component nucleus cytoplasm P-body Biological process negative regulation of viral genome replication immune system process defense response to virus cytidine deamination innate immune response viral process negative regulation of transposition DNA demethylation cytidine to uridine editing negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate DNA cytosine deamination Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 27350 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000244509 n/a UniProt Q9NRW3 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_014508 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_055323 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 39.01 – 39.02 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

A3C belong to the A3 family of cytidine deaminases that act as restriction factors against diverse retroviruses. A3C was reported to inhibit simian immunodeficiency deficiency virus potently rather than HIV-1, in absence of viral infectivity factor, Vif.^[5] Enhancing A3C's catalytic activity had only a marginal effect on HIV-1 replication (in absence of Vif), the counteractive viral mechanism is unclear.^[6] A3C was also shown to inhibit other viruses.^{[7][8][9][10][11]}

Function

This gene is a member of the cytidine deaminase gene family. It is one of seven related genes or pseudogenes found in a cluster thought to result from gene duplication, on chromosome 22. Members of the cluster encode proteins that are structurally and functionally related to the C to U RNA-editing cytidine deaminase APOBEC1. Conversely, A3 proteins enzymatically convert cytidine to uridine present in the single stranded DNA.^{[12][13][14][15][16]} Two residues in loop 1 of A3C were demonstrated to determine its antiviral activity against HIV-1.^[17]

Structure

The crystal structure of A3C suggests a putative HIV-1 vif binding region.^[18][19] A3C was found to inhibit LINE-1 elements by directly interacting with ORF1p proteins, in a deaminase-independent manner.^[20]