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Voiced alveolar and postalveolar approximants

Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɹ⟩ / ⟨ð̠˕⟩ and ⟨ɹ̠⟩ in IPA From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Voiced alveolar and postalveolar approximants
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The voiced alveolar and postalveolar approximants are types of consonantal sounds used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the alveolar and postalveolar approximants is ɹ, a lowercase letter r rotated 180 degrees. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is r\.

Quick Facts ɹ, IPA number ...
Quick Facts ɹ̠, Audio sample ...

The most common sound represented by the letter r in English is the voiced postalveolar approximant, pronounced a little more back and transcribed more precisely in IPA as ɹ̠, but ɹ is often used for convenience in its place. For further ease of typesetting, English phonemic transcriptions might use the symbol r even though this symbol represents the alveolar trill in phonetic transcription.

The bunched or molar r sounds remarkably similar to the postalveolar approximant and can be described as a voiced labial pre-velar approximant with tongue-tip retraction. It can be transcribed in extIPA as ɹ̈.

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Features

Thumb
A schematic mid-sagittal section of an articulation of a voiced alveolar approximant [ɹ].
Thumb
A schematic mid-sagittal section of an articulation of a voiced postalveolar approximant [ɹ̠].

Features of the voiced alveolar approximant:

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Occurrence

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Alveolar

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Postalveolar

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As an allophone of other rhotic sounds, [ɹ] occurs in Edo, Fula, Murrinh-patha, and Palauan.[23]

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Voiced alveolar sibilant approximant

Quick Facts z̞ ...

A peculiar consonant of the Ikema-Irabu dialect of the Miyakoan language, a Ryukyuan language, is the voiced alveolar sibilant approximant, a rare example of a sibilant approximant similar to its equivalent fricative, but with very little or no friction, i.e. a turbulent pulmonary airflow.[24]

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See also

Notes

References

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