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Arin language
Extinct Yeniseian language of Russia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Arin is an extinct Yeniseian language formerly spoken in Russia by the Arin people along the Yenisei River, predominantly on its left shore, between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk,[2] north of the Minusinsk region. However, it has been suggested that the Arin people had historically occupied a larger geographical range. It became extinct in the 18th century,[2][3] with the death of Arzamas Loskutov,[1] who was an informant for Gerhard Friedrich Müller in 1731,[4] and for a Cossack adventurer named Ivan Kovrigin in 1735.[5][1]
It is believed that the term Ar or Ara was used by speakers of Arin to refer to themselves.[2]
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Classification
It is classified as belonging to the Arinic branch, being its only attested language.[6] The closest known relative of Arin, Pumpokol, has been suggested to be similar to the language of the ruling elite of the Xiongnu,[7][8] as well as that of the Jie ruling class of the Later Zhao dynasty.[9]
Geographical distribution
Hydronyms associated with Arin have the suffixes -set, -igai, -lat, -zat, -zet and -sat (meaning "river") and -kul'/-kul (meaning "water").[10] These hydronyms, along with Khanty folklore telling of an eastern people known as the ar-jäx "Ar people", indicate that Arin may have once been spread out as far west as the Ob.[2][6]
Phonology
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One notable aspect of the Arin phonology is the correspondence of words starting with the word-initial k- and words in other Yeniseian languages that start with a bare vowel. For example, the Arin word kul (meaning 'water') corresponds to the Ket word uˑl’ and the Kott word ûl.[11] This feature of Arin allows for far more accurate reconstructing of the Proto-Yeniseian language by historical linguistics, for instance, the Proto-Yeniseian term for "water" is reconstructed as *xuɬ, where the initial *x- could not be inferred if not for Arin attestation.
Vowels
The vowel system in Arin is as follows:[10]
- The sound [ʌ], transcribed as ö, is only attested in the words ögga 'six', qoa-ögga 'sixteen', ögťuːŋ 'sixty', and utqʼöːnoŋ 'ear', and potentially also in pon’a (also recorded as pun) 'duck'.
Consonants
Consonants in parentheses are sparsely attested or unattested.
- [ʔ] is only assumed from other Yeniseian languages and is only a prosodic device of tone.
There are 11 palatal-nonpalatal consonant oppositions.[10]
Lexicon
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Etymological analysis suggests that speakers of the Arin language, as with other members of the Yeniseian people, were bilingual in Siberian Turkic languages; for example, the Arin word teminkur (meaning "ore") has been suggested to stem from the Old Turkic compound word *tämir qān (meaning "iron blood").[12] There are over 400 lexica for the Arin language, recorded in the 18th century.[4]
General
Body parts
Family members
Numerals
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References
External links
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