CD155

CD155 (cluster of differentiation 155), also known as the poliovirus receptor, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PVR gene.^[3][4] It is a transmembrane protein that is involved in forming junctions between neighboring cells. It is also the molecule that poliovirus uses to enter cells. The gene is specific to the primates.

PVR
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4FQP, 1DGI, 1NN8, 3EPC, 3EPD, 3EPF, 3J8F, 3J9F, 3UDW, 3URO
Identifiers
Aliases	PVR, CD155, HVED, NECL5, Necl-5, PVS, TAGE4, poliovirus receptor, PVR cell adhesion molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 173850; HomoloGene: 9672; GeneCards: PVR; OMA:PVR - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19q13.31 Start 44,643,798 bp[1] End 44,666,162 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in stromal cell of endometrium islet of Langerhans tendon of biceps brachii left ventricle apex of heart right lobe of liver upper lobe of left lung anterior pituitary left adrenal gland right auricle of heart n/a More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein homodimerization activity virus receptor activity protein binding signaling receptor binding cell adhesion molecule binding signaling receptor activity Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane membrane focal adhesion plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane extracellular region cell surface extracellular exosome extracellular space Biological process heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules cell recognition susceptibility to natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity cell adhesion positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity directed against tumor cell target regulation of immune response viral entry into host cell susceptibility to T cell mediated cytotoxicity viral process adherens junction organization positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 5817 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000073008 n/a UniProt P15151 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001135768 NM_001135769 NM_001135770 NM_006505 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001129240 NP_001129241 NP_001129242 NP_006496 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 19: 44.64 – 44.67 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Function

CD155 is a Type I transmembrane glycoprotein in the immunoglobulin superfamily.^[5] Its normal cellular function is in the establishment of intercellular adherens junctions between epithelial cells.^[6]

The external domain mediates cell attachment to the extracellular matrix molecule vitronectin, while its intracellular domain interacts with the dynein light chain Tctex-1/DYNLT1.

The role of CD155 in the immune system is unclear, though it may be involved in intestinal humoral immune responses.^[6] Subsequent data has also suggested that CD155 may also be used to positively select MHC-independent T cells in the thymus.^{[citation needed]}

Polio

Commonly known as Poliovirus Receptor (PVR), the protein serves as a cellular receptor for poliovirus in the first step of poliovirus replication. Transgenic mice that express the PVR gene have been constructed in order to study polio experimentally.^[7]

Structure

CD155 is a transmembrane protein with 3 extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, D1-D3, where D1 is recognized by the virus.^[8]

Low resolution structures of CD155 complexed with poliovirus have been obtained using electron microscopy^[9] while a high resolution structures of the ectodomain D1 and D2 of CD155 were solved by x-ray crystallography.^[8]