Rootletin

Rootletin, also known as ciliary rootlet coiled-coil protein (CROCC) is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CROCC gene.^[5][6][7] Rootletin is a component of the ciliary rootlet and, together with CEP68 and CEP250, is required for centrosome cohesion.^[8]

CROCC
Identifiers
Aliases	CROCC, ROLT, ciliary rootlet coiled-coil, rootletin, TAX1BP2
External IDs	OMIM: 615776; MGI: 3529431; HomoloGene: 16811; GeneCards: CROCC; OMA:CROCC - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p36.13 Start 16,740,273 bp[1] End 16,972,964 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4|4 D3 Start 140,743,948 bp[2] End 140,787,861 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right uterine tube sural nerve right hemisphere of cerebellum olfactory zone of nasal mucosa granulocyte apex of heart right ovary canal of the cervix left uterine tube body of uterus Top expressed in neural layer of retina superior frontal gyrus lens olfactory tubercle retinal pigment epithelium ventricular zone otic vesicle primary visual cortex subiculum epithelium of lens More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function structural molecule activity protein binding kinesin binding actin binding Cellular component centrosome photoreceptor inner segment plasma membrane ciliary rootlet actin cytoskeleton centriole extracellular exosome cytoskeleton cytoplasm cytosol microtubule organizing center cilium cell projection Biological process protein localization to organelle protein localization epithelial structure maintenance ciliary basal body organization establishment of organelle localization centriole-centriole cohesion cell projection organization cell cycle photoreceptor cell maintenance positive regulation of cilium assembly positive regulation of protein localization to cilium centrosome cycle Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 9696 230872 Ensembl ENSG00000058453 ENSMUSG00000040860 UniProt Q5TZA2 Q8CJ40 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_014675 NM_001145958 NM_172122 RefSeq (protein) NP_055490 NP_001139430 NP_742120 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 16.74 – 16.97 Mb Chr 4: 140.74 – 140.79 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Rootletin
Identifiers
Symbol	Rootletin
Pfam	PF15035
Available protein structures: Pfam   structures / ECOD   PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum structure summary

Rootletin is an important protein in the ciliary rootlet, particularly for the structure and is considered important protein in mitosis as a centrosome linker.

Function

This protein forms part of the ciliary rootlet structure. It also contributes to the centrosome cohesion before mitosis.^[9] Expression of rootletin leads to the formation of fibrous protein.

Structure

This protein is part of the structure of a ciliary rootlet. This cytoskeletal-like structure starts from the basal body at one end of the cilium and extends towards the nucleus. Its molecular structure consists of a globular head domain and a tail domain made up of coiled-coil structures.^[5]

Protein interactions

A large coiled-coil protein, C-Nap1, is a docking site for the fibrous tether to proximal ends of centrioles which Rootletin physically interacts with. Furthermore, Rootletin is phosphorylated by Nek2 kinase.^[10]