Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate

The voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represent this sound are ⟨d͡ʑ⟩, ⟨d͜ʑ⟩, ⟨ɟ͡ʑ⟩ and ⟨ɟ͜ʑ⟩, though transcribing the stop component with ⟨ɟ⟩ is rare. The tie bar may be omitted, yielding ⟨dʑ⟩ or ⟨ɟʑ⟩. This affricate has a dedicated symbol U+02A5 ʥ LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used.

Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
dʑ
ʥ
ɟʑ
IPA number	216
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)	ʥ
Unicode (hex)	U+02A5
X-SAMPA	d_z\
Image

Neither [d] nor [ɟ] is a completely narrow transcription of the stop component, which can be narrowly transcribed as [d̠ʲ] (retracted and palatalized [d]), [ɟ̟] or [ɟ˖] (both symbols denote an advanced [ɟ]). There is also a dedicated symbol ⟨ȡ⟩, which is not a part of the IPA. Therefore, narrow transcriptions of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant affricate include [d̠ʲʑ], [ɟ̟ʑ] and [ȡʑ].

It is the sibilant equivalent of the voiced palatal affricate.

Features

Features of the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate:

• Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence.
• Its place of articulation is alveolo-palatal. This means that:
  • Its place of articulation is postalveolar, meaning that the tongue contacts the roof of the mouth in the area behind the alveolar ridge (the gum line).
  • Its tongue shape is laminal, meaning that it is the tongue blade that contacts the roof of the mouth.
  • It is heavily palatalized, meaning that the middle of the tongue is bowed and raised towards the hard palate.
• Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means that air is exclusively allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Bengali		যখন	[d͡ʑɔkʰon]	'when'	See Bengali phonology
Burmese		ဂျင်	[dʑɪ̀ɰ̃]	'top (toy)'
Catalan[1]	All dialects	mitjà	[mi(d)ˈd͡ʑa]	'medium'	See Catalan phonology
	Valencian	joc	[ˈd͡ʑɔk]	'game'
Chinese	Southern Min	日 / ji̍t	[d͡ʑit̚˧ʔ]	'sun'
	Wu	渠	[d͡ʑy]	'he/she/it'
Irish	Some dialects[2][3][4]	dearg	[d͡ʑaɾˠəɡ]	'red'	Realization of the palatalized alveolar stop /dʲ/ in dialects such as Erris, Teelin and Tourmakeady.[2][3][4] See Irish phonology
Japanese		知人 / chijin	[t͡ɕid͡ʑĩɴ]	'acquaintance'	See Japanese phonology
Korean	South	편지 / pyeonji	[pʰjʌ̹ːnd͡ʑi]	'letter'	See Korean phonology
Malay	Jambi	توجوه / tujuh	[tud͡ʑʊh]	'seven'	See Jambi Malay
Okinawan		fijeetiinagaa	[ɸid͡ʑeːtiːnagaː]	'thief'
Polish[5]		dźwięk	[d͡ʑvʲɛŋk]ⓘ	'sound'	See Polish phonology
Romanian	Banat dialect[6]	des	[d͡ʑes]	'frequent'	Allophone of /d/ before front vowels. Corresponds to [d] in standard Romanian. See Romanian phonology
Russian		дочь бы	[ˈd̪o̞d͡ʑ bɨ]	'daughter would'	Allophone of /t͡ɕ/ before voiced consonants. See Russian phonology
Sema[7]		aji	[à̠d͡ʑì]	'blood'	Possible allophone of /ʒ/ before /i, e/; can be realized as [ʑ ~ ʒ ~ d͡ʒ] instead.[7]
Serbo-Croatian[8][9]		ђаво / đavo	[d͡ʑâ̠ʋo̞ː]	'devil'	Merges with /d͡ʒ/ in Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects. See Serbo-Croatian phonology
Swedish[10][11]		djur	[dʑʉːr]	'animal'	Allophone of /j/ in initial position in older Standard Swedish, Norrbotten and Finland
Uzbek[12]	Some speakers	jon	[d͡ʑɒn]	'dear'	Allophone of /dʒ/.
Xumi	Lower[13]	[d͡ʑɐʔ˦]		'water'
	Upper[14]	[d͡ʑɐ̝˦]
Yi		ꐚ / jji	[d͡ʑi˧]	'bee'

See also

• Index of phonetics articles
• Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
• Voiced palatal affricate