Sümi language

Sino-Tibetan language spoken in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sümi, also Sema, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Nagaland, India. It is spoken by the Sümi Naga people. It differs from every other Naga languages due to the presence of guttural sounds.[2][3]

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Sümi
Sümi (Naga)
Pronunciation[sɨ˧ mi˩]
Native toIndia
RegionNagaland
EthnicitySümi Naga
Native speakers
350,000 (2011 census)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3nsm
Glottologsumi1235
ELPSumi Naga
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Geographical distribution

Sümi is spoken in central and southern Nagaland, mainly in Zünheboto District. There are also good number of speakers in parts of Niuland, Dimapur, Chümoukedima and Kiphire District(s), as well as in 7 villages of Tinsukia District, Assam (Ethnologue).

Dialects

Ethnologue lists the following dialects of Sümi.

  • Dayang (Western Sümi)
  • Lazami
  • Jimomi
  • Zumomi

Phonology

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Perspective

The transcriptions in this section use the International Phonetic Alphabet.

Vowels

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Monophthongs of Sema, from Teo (2012:368)

The vowels of Sümi are as follows:[4][5]

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Notes:

  • The close front and the close central vowels have been variously described as near-close [, ɨ̞] and close [i, ɨ]. The close back vowel has only been described as close [u].[6][7]
    • In the word-medial position, /ɨ/ can be realized as mid [ə].[4][8]
  • The mid vowels /e, o/ can be realized as either close-mid [e, o] or open-mid [ɛ, ɔ].[4][9]
    • Teo (2012) describes the close-mid allophone of /o/ as slightly advanced [o̟].[6]
  • /a/ has been variously described as near-open [ɐ][6] and open [ä].[8]
    • After uvular stops, /a/ can be realized as open back unrounded [ɑ].[8]

Consonants

The consonants of Sümi are as follows:[5][10]

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References

Bibliography

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