EEA1

The gene EEA1 encodes for the 1400 amino acid protein, Early Endosome Antigen 1.

EEA1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1HYI, 1HYJ, 1JOC, 3MJH
Identifiers
Aliases	EEA1, MST105, MSTP105, ZFYVE2, early endosome antigen 1
External IDs	OMIM: 605070; MGI: 2442192; HomoloGene: 37822; GeneCards: EEA1; OMA:EEA1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q22 Start 92,770,637 bp[1] End 92,929,331 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10|10 C2 Start 95,776,512 bp[2] End 95,881,380 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in Achilles tendon skin of thigh biceps brachii oral cavity gingival epithelium Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis tail of epididymis human penis skin of hip Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii Top expressed in zygote stroma of bone marrow secondary oocyte skin of external ear cardiac muscle tissue of left ventricle plantaris muscle extensor digitorum longus muscle soleus muscle left colon paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function protein homodimerization activity zinc ion binding metal ion binding calmodulin binding GTP-dependent protein binding 1-phosphatidylinositol binding protein binding nucleic acid binding Cellular component cytoplasm recycling endosome cytosol endosome early endosome membrane membrane axonal spine serine-pyruvate aminotransferase complex early endosome extrinsic component of plasma membrane extracellular exosome cytoplasmic vesicle presynapse synapse Biological process endocytosis early endosome to late endosome transport synaptic vesicle to endosome fusion vesicle fusion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 8411 216238 Ensembl ENSG00000102189 ENSMUSG00000036499 UniProt Q15075 Q8BL66 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003566 NM_001001932 RefSeq (protein) NP_003557 NP_001001932 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 92.77 – 92.93 Mb Chr 10: 95.78 – 95.88 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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EEA1 localizes exclusively to early endosomes and has an important role in endosomal trafficking. EEA1 binds directly to the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate through its C-terminal FYVE domain and forms a homodimer through a coiled coil. EEA1 acts as a tethering molecule that couples vesicle docking with SNAREs such as N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein, bringing the endosomes physically closer and ultimately resulting in the fusion and delivery of endosomal cargo.

Function

EEA1 is a RAB5A effector protein which binds via an N-terminal zinc finger domain and is required for fusion of early and late endosomes and for sorting at the early endosome level.^[5][6]

EEA1 plays a role in endocytosis and is recruited by Rab5-GTP to endosomal membranes.^[7] EEA1 may be regulated through monoubiquination, affecting endosome fusion and trafficking.^[8] Ubiquitin selective segregase p97 may regulate EEA1's tethering ability, affecting its endosome trafficking and morphplogy.

Involvement in pathogenesis

Due to the proteins importance in vesicular trafficking, a number of intracellular bacteria prevent EEA1 recruitment to the vacuole. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known to inhibit the recruitment of EEA1 to the phagosomal membrane through CamKII.^[9] Legionella pneumophila also prevents EEA1 recruitment through a currently unknown mechanism.^[10] The related pathogen Legionella longbeachae recruits EEA1 and appears to replicate within a modified early endosome.^[11]

See also

• endosome
• Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
• FYVE domain