GNGT2

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 is a signalling protein protein that in humans and vertebrates is encoded by the GNGT2 gene.^[5][6][7] Either GNGT1 or GNGT2 is the gamma subunit of the G_βγ part of transducin (written G(T) or G_t), a heterotrimeric G-protein naturally expressed in vertebrate retina rod and cone cell of the eye, where it is thought to play a crucial role in phototransduction. GNGT2 only occurs in cone cells, and GNGT1 only occurs in rod cells.

GNGT2
Identifiers
Aliases	GNGT2, G-GAMMA-8, G-GAMMA-C, GNG8, GNG9, GNGT8, G protein subunit gamma transducin 2, HG3I
External IDs	OMIM: 139391; MGI: 893584; HomoloGene: 11325; GeneCards: GNGT2; OMA:GNGT2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human)[1] Band 17q21.32 Start 49,202,791 bp[1] End 49,210,574 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse)[2] Band 11 D|11 59.01 cM Start 95,728,042 bp[2] End 95,736,560 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in granulocyte monocyte spleen lymph node blood appendix mucosa of transverse colon smooth muscle tissue right lung gallbladder Top expressed in neural layer of retina granulocyte thymus yolk sac embryo right kidney spleen muscle of thigh interventricular septum esophagus More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function signal transducer activity GTPase activity G-protein beta-subunit binding Cellular component heterotrimeric G-protein complex plasma membrane membrane G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex Biological process G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway signal transduction phototransduction Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 2793 14710 Ensembl ENSG00000167083 ENSMUSG00000038811 UniProt O14610 Q61017 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001198754 NM_001198755 NM_001198756 NM_031498 NM_001038664 NM_001284393 NM_001284397 NM_023121 RefSeq (protein) NP_001185683 NP_001185684 NP_001185685 NP_113686 NP_001033753 NP_001271322 NP_001271326 NP_075610 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 49.2 – 49.21 Mb Chr 11: 95.73 – 95.74 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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As the gamma subunit (G_γ) of three different families of G proteins (G(I)/G_i, G(S)/G_s and G(O)G_o), GNGT2 is expressed in at least 23 tissues^[8] and other cell types, including monocytes of the vertebrate innate immune system, where at increased levels it has been shown to be a potential prognostic marker for some types of cancer, including esophageal cancer.^[9]

Several transcript variants encoding the GNGT2 protein have been found for the GNGT2 gene. There is evidence for use of multiple polyadenylation sites by this gene.^[6]