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Government of Peace and Unity
Parallel government in Sudan From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Government of Peace and Unity (Arabic: حكومة السلام والوحدة, romanized: hukumat alsalam walwahda), also known as the Transitional Peace Government (Arabic: حكومة السلام الانتقالية, romanized: hukumat alsalam alaintiqalia),[2] is a rival government established in April 2025 to administer areas of Sudan controlled by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied groups during the Sudanese Civil War, in opposition to the cabinet appointed by the internationally recognised[3] Transitional Sovereignty Council.
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Background
Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in a coup d'état in April 2019 following a series of large-scale protests. A 39-month transition to democracy was planned with the role of head of state being performed by a Transitional Sovereignty Council and a transitional government led by Abdalla Hamdok was formed to govern the country until elections planned for July 2023. The transition period ended abruptly when the transitional government was dissolved following a further coup d'état, led by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, in October 2021. A civil war between the al-Burhan led Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) led by Hemedti broke out in April 2023. Initially the RSF gained control of most of the capital, Khartoum and parts of Southern and Western Sudan. However, by early 2025, the SAF had regained ground around Khartoum and by mid-February 2025, had control over about two thirds of the Khartoum metropolitan area.[4]
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Establishment
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The Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, announced plans for the formation of a civilian led transitional government on 10 February 2025.[5][6] In response, the RSF convened a conference in Nairobi, Kenya on 18 February 2025 to draft a Sudan Founding Charter leading to the formation of a Sudan Founding Alliance.[7][8][9] On 4 March 2025, the Sudan Founding Alliance announced that it had adopted a transitional constitutional framework to pave the way for the formation of a rival Government of Peace and Unity to administer territory under the control of the RSF and allied groups.[10][11][12][13]
Consultations on the make up of the proposed government began on 23 February 2025 in Nairobi, Kenya.[14] However, on 24 February 2025, disagreements emerged between members of the Sudan Founding Alliance over allocation of positions within the proposed government.[15] On 8 March 2025, the RSF announced that arrangements to form the Government of Peace and Unity were complete and plans to issue passports, official documents and currency were being prepared.[16] On 25 March 2025, it was reported that the Rapid Support Forces would gain the chairmanship of the presidential council and at least 40% of positions on the transitional cabinet, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement–North (al Hilu) would gain the vice-chairmanship of the presidential council and 30% of positions on the transitional cabinet with the remainder shared between the other members of the Sudan Founding Alliance.[17] On 28 March 2025, it was announced that the commander of the Rapid Support Forces, Hemedti, was nominated to be the chairman of the Presidential Council in the future government. Along with this announcement, it was announced that negotiations are nearing their close and the government would likely be formed shortly after Eid al-Fitr.[18][19] On 14 April 2025, Sudan's foreign minister Ali Youssef al-Sharif said he expected the GPU to be established that week.[20] Rapid Support Forces leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo officially announced the establishment of the Government of Peace and Unity on 15 April 2025.[21][22][23] The following day, Dagalo stated that the GPU would begin issuing its own identity cards and currency. [24] On 25 July 2025, it was reported that the headquarters of the GPU would be based in Nyala with some institutions also operating from Geneina and Ed Daein.[25]
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Structure
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The transitional constitutional framework adopted by the Sudan Founding Alliance on 4 March 2025 prescribed the structure of the Government of Peace and Unity. It contains provisions for the division of Sudan into eight administrative regions and defines the powers of national, regional and local authorities.[13][26][12]
Presidential Council
A Presidential Council serves as the collective head of state. It has 15 members, seven of which are nominated by the Sudan Founding Alliance and eight regional governors who serve as ex officio members.[26][13] Leader of the Rapid Support Forces, Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, also known as “Hemedti”, was named chairman of the presidential council on 28 March 2025.[27] The full membership of the council was announced on 26 July 2025.[28][29][30]
- Members
- His Excellency Admiral General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (“Hemedti”) - Chairman
- Commander Abdelaziz al-Hilu - Vice-chairman
- Altahir Abubakr Hagar
- Mohamed Yousif Ahmed Almustafa
- Hamid Hamdeen al-Nuwain
- Abdalla Ibrahim Abbas
- Kholdi Fathi Salim Jumad
- Saleh Issa Abdullah
- El Hadi Idris Yahya
- Mabrouk Mubarak Salim
- Faris al-Nour Ibrahim
- Hamad Mohamed Hamid Khalifa
- Joseph Tuka Ali
- Abdulgasim al-Rasheed Ahmed al-Hassan
- Jagood Mukwar Marada
Transitional Cabinet
A Transitional Cabinet consists of a prime minister, nominated by the Sudan Founding Alliance, and up to 16 other ministers nominated by the prime minister in consultation with the signatories to the Sudan Founding Charter.[26][13] Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi was named prime minister on 26 July 2025.[31][32]
- Members
- Mohammed Hassan al-Ta'ishi - Prime Minister
- Lieutenant General Abdul Rahim Dagalo - Defence minister
- Suleiman Sandal - Interior minister
- Ibrahim al‑Mirghani - Information and cabinet affairs minister
Constituent Legislative Body
A bicameral Constituent Legislative Body is to be made up of a 24 member Council of Regions and a 177 member Council of Deputies.[26][13]
Regions
The transitional constitutional framework contains provisions to divide Sudan into eight Regions: Khartoum Region, Eastern Region, Northern Region, Darfur Region, Central Region, Kordofan Region, South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains Region, and New Funj Region.[26][13] Eight regional governors were named on 26 July 2025, including for areas not controlled by the RSF and allied groups.[33][34]
- Governors
- Saleh Issa Abdullah - Central Region
- El Hadi Idris Yahya - Darfur Region
- Mabrouk Mubarak Salim - Eastern Region
- Faris al-Nour Ibrahim - Khartoum Region
- Hamad Mohamed Hamid Khalifa - Kordofan Region
- Joseph Tuka Ali - New Funj Region
- Abdulgasim al-Rasheed Ahmed al-Hassan - Northern Region
- Jagood Mukwar Marada - South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains Region
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Reactions
- Sudan
The internationally recognised Transitional Sovereignty Council-backed Sudanese foreign ministry described the proposed formation of a parallel government as an "act of hostility"[35][36] adding that the move “promotes the dismembering of African states, violates their sovereignty, and interferes in their internal affairs.[37] Sudan recalled its ambassador to Kenya on 20 February 2025.[38] On 22 February 2025, Sudan’s foreign ministry stated that it was planning to impose a ban on Kenyan goods entering the country[39][40] which came into force on 14 March 2025.[41] On 27 July 2025, the day after the GPU appointed its presidential council and cabinet, the Sudanese foreign ministry denounced the GPU as “fictitious” labelled the RSF as a “terrorist militia”, and urged foreign governments and organisations to condemn the formation of a rival government.[42]
- Other states
Algeria called the formation of a parallel government a "dangerous step that fuels further fragmentation and derails current efforts for peace and dialogue".[43][44]
China believes that creation of a parallel government "risks increasing the fragmentation of the Sudan".[43]
Egypt’s foreign minister Badr Abdelatty criticized the RSF’s efforts to form a parallel government stating that Egypt "rejects the establishment of any other framework or parallel government to the legitimate government in Sudan and rejects any external interference in Sudan."[45]
Guyana supported a statement during a meeting of the United Nations Security Council that urged the RSF to "put the unity and national interest of Sudan above all other considerations"[43]
Jordan's foreign ministry issued a statement "reject[ing] attempts that may threaten to undermine the unity of the sisterly Republic of Sudan, by calling for the formation of a parallel Sudanese government, which hinders efforts to reach a solution to the Sudanese crisis."[46]
Kenya defended its role in hosting the RSF led conference, with Prime Cabinet Secretary, Musalia Mudavadi, stating that "Kenya's actions were in line with its broader role in peace negotiations and its commitment to supporting Sudan in finding a resolution to its ongoing political crisis".[47][48] On 8 April 2025, Mudavadi clarified that the RSF had not formally established a parallel government in Kenya in February.[49] Mudavadi later stated that "Kenya supports a unified Sudan" and "advocates for a Sudanese-owned political process."[50]
Kuwait's foreign ministry rejected any actions taken outside Sudan’s official institutions, calling them interference and a threat to territorial integrity.[51]
Pakistan reaffirmed its commitment to Sudan’s unity, sovereignty, and territorial integrity and strongly condemned attempts to establish a parallel government in Sudan, warning that any move that violates the UN Charter will only deepen instability.[52]
Qatar stated that it supported the unity and sovereignty of Sudan and rejected any outside interference in its internal affairs.[53]
Russia called for the UN to support Sudan's peace process and warned against "parallel steps".[44]
The foreign ministry of Saudi Arabia "rejected any illegitimate steps or measures taken outside the framework of the Republic of Sudan's official institutions".[54]
Sierra Leone supported a statement during a meeting of the United Nations Security Council that urged the RSF to "put the unity and national interest of Sudan above all other considerations."[43]
Somalia supported a statement during a meeting of the United Nations Security Council that urged the RSF to "put the unity and national interest of Sudan above all other considerations"[43]
South Korea highlighted a contradiction between the RSF’s stated aim of forming a peaceful, unified government and its actions on the ground at a meeting of the United Nations Security Council.[55]
Ugandan president Yoweri Museveni stated that he will not recognize any parallel government formed by the RSF.[56]
The United Kingdom expressed "deep concern" over the development during a meeting of the United Nations Security Council where the British representative stated that "Respect for Sudan's charter rights, its unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity is vital and will be necessary for a sustainable end to this war".[43][57]
The United States ambassador to the United Nations added that "attempts by the RSF and aligned actors to establish a government in RSF-controlled territory in Sudan are unhelpful for the cause of peace and security in Sudan, and risks a de facto partition of the country."[43]
- International organisations
The African Union Peace and Security Council expressed grave concern about the RSF's attempts to establish a parallel government, adding that it will not recognise any such government and urged member states to not recognise a parallel government proclaimed by the RSF.[58][59] Following the announcement of the appointment of the GPU's in presidential council and prime minister in July 2025, the Peace and Security Council reiterated its recognition of the Transitional Sovereignty Council and the transitional civilian government as the two legitimate authorities in Sudan.[60][61]
The Arab League expressed its "deep concern and strong disapproval of any actions that could undermine Sudan’s unity or lead to its division".[62]
The International Conference on the Great Lakes Region expressed serious concern about the RSF establishing a parallel governing authority in areas they control.[63] Following the announcement of the appointment of the GPU's in presidential council and prime minister in July 2025, the ICGLR issued a statement expressing "deep concern and condemnation" regarding the establishment of an alternative government by the RSF and rejected "unilateral action which poses challenges to Sudan's sovereignty and territorial integrity".[64]
A spokesperson for the United Nations stated that the Sudan crisis could worsen if paramilitaries declare a parallel government adding that preserving the unity of Sudan, the sovereignty and the territorial integrity, remains a key ingredient for a sustainable resolution of the conflict.[65][66]
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See also
References
External links
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