Granzyme A

Granzyme A (GzmA, EC 3.4.21.78, CTLA3, HuTPS, T-cell associated protease 1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte serine protease, TSP-1, T-cell derived serine proteinase) is a tryptase^[5][6][7] and is one of the five granzymes encoded in the human genome.^[8][9][10] In humans, GzmA is encoded by the GZMA gene in proximity to the GZMK gene on chromosome 5. This enzyme is present in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) granules.

Granzyme A
Identifiers
EC no.	3.4.21.78
CAS no.	143180-73-8
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Search PMC articles PubMed articles NCBI proteins

GZMA
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1OP8, 1ORF
Identifiers
Aliases	GZMA, CTLA3, HFSP, granzyme A
External IDs	OMIM: 140050; MGI: 109266; HomoloGene: 21237; GeneCards: GZMA; OMA:GZMA - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 5 (human)[1] Band 5q11.2 Start 55,102,646 bp[1] End 55,110,252 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 13 (mouse)[2] Band 13 D2.2|13 63.93 cM Start 113,230,359 bp[2] End 113,237,515 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in granulocyte blood spleen jejunal mucosa lymph node mucosa of transverse colon duodenum testicle palpebral conjunctiva rectum Top expressed in gastrula jejunum thymus duodenum blood right lung lobe spleen ankle joint decidua mesenteric lymph nodes More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function peptidase activity serine-type peptidase activity serine-type endopeptidase activity hydrolase activity protein binding protein homodimerization activity Cellular component immunological synapse extracellular region nucleus Biological process positive regulation of apoptotic process negative regulation of DNA binding proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process negative regulation of endodeoxyribonuclease activity cytolysis negative regulation of oxidoreductase activity immune response proteolysis apoptotic process response to bacterium Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3001 14938 Ensembl ENSG00000145649 ENSMUSG00000023132 UniProt P12544 P11032 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006144 NM_010370 RefSeq (protein) NP_006135 NP_034500 Location (UCSC) Chr 5: 55.1 – 55.11 Mb Chr 13: 113.23 – 113.24 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

GzmA cleaves proteins after arginine or lysine basic residues. In CTL-targeted cells, it activates caspase-independent programmed cell death pathways that are unique and parallel to that of Granzyme B, although some substrates such as PARP-1^[11] and lamin B^[12] are shared with Granzyme B. Substrates of GzmA include Pro-IL-1β,^[13] NDUFS3,^[14] SET, APE1, and Ku70 among others. In vitro studies suggest that GzmA may have less cytotoxic capabilities than GzmB.^[15][16]

In colorectal cancer, GzmA was associated with promotion of cancer development, which may be due to activation of inflammation-inducing cytokines from macrophages.^[17]

See also

• GZMA
• GZMK
• GZMB
• GZMH