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Greater Kuala Lumpur
Metropolitan area in Malaysia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Greater Kuala Lumpur (Malay: Kuala Lumpur Raya) is the geographical term that determines the boundaries of metropolitan Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. Though similar to the term "Klang Valley", there remains a variation between the two. Greater Kuala Lumpur is ranked as the 30th-largest in Asia.[2]
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History
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Pre-1974
Kuala Lumpur has been declared the capital city of Federated Malay States in 1896, and when the group of states changes and expands to Federation of Malaya and later Malaysia, the town status has been kept as such. However, Kuala Lumpur itself is part of the larger Kuala Lumpur district of Selangor, which area also includes Ampang, Batu Caves, Gombak, Ulu Klang, Petaling Jaya, Puchong and Sungai Buloh.[3][4] Until 1974, the city remains as part of Selangor.
Developments has been ongoing out of the city border long before it as Petaling Jaya was made a new township just beside Kuala Lumpur, converted from Effingham rubber estate on 1952 to accommodate the growing population of the capital and road infrastructures like newly opened Jalan Klang Lama spurs the growth of towns around the original Klang Valley corridor areas. Batu Caves and Kajang, both situated just north and south of the city border also already served as feeder towns of the capital.
Major development started to spur around Klang River corridor since the 60s as after Singapore exit from the federation, Port Swettenham in Klang now has been targeted as the nation's main port. Big infrastructure projects such as the new Federal Highway has been planned to ensure straightforward flow of products between the capital and the port. Subang Airport in Subang also serves as the main gateway to the capital.
Kuala Lumpur township has been declared a city in 1972 and due to political factors and its status as the federal capital, the city is carved out from Selangor to be made as Federal Territories, changing entirely the development scenarios of the areas.
After 1974
Selangor decided to revise their district areas which not only affect the former Kuala Lumpur district but also neighbouring districts of Klang, Hulu Selangor and Hulu Langat where from parts of those districts, two new districts has been created namely Gombak and Petaling. Sepang, while not originally part of any of Kuala Lumpur areas, was also made a full district due to the revisions, carved out from Hulu Langat and Kuala Langat district.[5]
Klang was made a temporary state capital of Selangor from 1974 to 1977, where a new state capital is declared in Sungai Renggam, later renamed as Shah Alam. Sungai Renggam has been marked for development as the new state administration center back in 1963. The construction of the new main campus of Universiti Teknologi MARA also accompany the new capital development. In Hulu Langat, a new township of Bandar Baru Bangi was being built on the site of Westcountry Estate between Kajang and Bangi to accompany the development of the new main campus of National University of Malaysia (UKM) by Selangor State Development Corporation (PKNS).[6] Similar situation happened in Serdang where University of Putra Malaysia (formerly known as Universiti Pertanian Malaysia) build their main campus there, spurring new townships around Serdang and Seri Kembangan.
In Gombak, Kuala Lumpur–Karak Expressway are built to provide the East Coast states direct access to the capital city, where the expressway terminus starts from the town.
1980s
In the 1980s, new township development from the past decades started to take their shape. With the nation moves into large scale industrialization, more township around the capital starts to emerge, grow and expands.
The North–South Expressway, an interstate expressway project was kicked off by phases to connect Kuala Lumpur better to other states on the West Coast of the peninsular. While most of it runs parallel to the existing Federal Route 1, the first section in the area, Kuala Lumpur–Seremban Expressway section includes the new townships of Seri Kembangan and Bandar Baru Bangi instead as route to Seremban and provides more straightforward access between the federal capital and the Negeri Sembilan state capital, providing development potentials on involved areas. The section opens in 1982. Another section, New Klang Valley Expressway runs parallel to Federal Highway, linking northern part of the Klang Valley area from Bukit Lanjan of Petaling Jaya to Bukit Raja of Klang, with an exit leads to the Subang Airport.
Other than the state administration centre, Shah Alam town area now hosts industrial areas as well, with sites includes Malaysia's first automotive company Proton headquarter and first main production plant which started operating in 1984.
Port Klang Authority started moving towards privatisation with divesting their current container terminal to a private entity, Klang Container Terminal Berhad. At the same time, a bypass road from Sungai Rasau was built to help diverting traffic to the main port area from Federal Highway named North Klang Straits Bypass, the first privately operated toll road in the Klang Valley area.[7]
1990s
The 1990s saw a major expansion of the metropolitan area of Kuala Lumpur with various megaproject taking shapes around the area.
A new airport for Kuala Lumpur (Kuala Lumpur International Airport, KLIA) and a new federal government administration centre has been planned to replace their current location in Kuala Lumpur and Subang. The airport was originally mooted to be somewhere around Hulu Selangor and the administrative center was mooted to be in Janda Baik, Bentong, Pahang, but ultimately the airport is chosen to be in Sepang and the new administrative center is in Prang Besar Estate, where later the location is named Putrajaya. Both started operational between 1998 and 1999. As Kuala Lumpur is also the host of 1998 Commonwealth Games, new national sport centre has been built in Bukit Jalil, including the new Bukit Jalil National Stadium that is capable to host 100,000 attendants, and Selangor also built their own Shah Alam Stadium.
Due to the approximate of these megaprojects between each other and the city center of Kuala Lumpur, a special economic corridor, Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) is established. The corridor aims to be a high-technology economic development area in Klang Valley, and includes Kuala Lumpur, Putrajaya, Puchong, Serdang and Nilai of Negeri Sembilan as well as the new township established next to Putrajaya, Cyberjaya which will be one of the main area of the corridor.
Port Klang expands their activity by establishing a new cargo terminal in Pulau Indah, which later called Westport. Another terminal, called Northport was opened in 2000 and situated in the northern area of the Klang District.
Road infrastructure takes a boost from these megaprojects with newly built expressway around the area, such as North–South Expressway Central Link which links both sections of North-South Highway from Nilai to Shah Alam, passing through KLIA and Putrajaya and Shah Alam Expressway from Bukit Jalil of Kuala Lumpur to Pulau Indah of Klang, running south of Federal Highway. Others like Damansara–Puchong Expressway and Cheras–Kajang Expressway exists as upgrades of existing artery and municipal roads into bigger highways.
Public transportation improved heavily with introduction of light rail transit system of Kelana Jaya line and Ampang and Sri Petaling lines, which run through Kuala Lumpur areas and also part of Petaling Jaya. Existing railways were turned into electrified double track from Rawang to Seremban (including Sentul and most of Port Klang branch), paving way for the new KTM Komuter commuter rail system.
All other new residential and commercial areas also starts to grow such as Kota Kemuning in southern Shah Alam, UEP Subang Jaya (later abbreviated as USJ), Bandar Sultan Suleiman in north of Klang, Bandar Baru Selayang in Gombak, Bandar Utama in Petaling Jaya, Salak Tinggi in Sepang. Some new municipalities also has been formed or upgraded as a result of these growth, such as Selayang Municipal Council (upgraded from Gombak District Council), Subang Jaya Municipal Council (upgraded from Petaling District Council) and Ampang Jaya Municipal Council (newly formed from Ampang and Ulu Klang parts of Hulu Langat and Gombak). Shah Alam City Council has also been formed in 1999, upgraded from municipality status, marking the first Selangor city after Kuala Lumpur separation.
2000s
While lesser megaprojects took place in this period, effects from most of the projects from the 1990s started to kick in and generates expansion of the area to its current form.
KLIA and Putrajaya allows neighbourhoods in southern Selangor and northern Negeri Sembilan to grow, merging Seremban, Nilai, Port Dickson and Banting into the metropolitan area. Industrial projects also started to be active in the northern part, allowing Hulu Selangor and Kuala Selangor to slowly merge into the metropolitan area. Proton decision to built a new plant in Tanjung Malim (Proton City) allows the metropolitan to crawl into the state of Perak, marking the new northern limit.
The population growth also allow more municipalities to be formed, such as Sepang Municipal Council, Bentong Municipal Council and Nilai Municipal Council. Petaling Jaya gains its city status in 2007, marking the third city of the metropolitan area. In the other hand, Putrajaya has been declared as a new Federal Territory, carved out from Selangor as it being the new Federal Government administration area requires it to be managed directly under Federal Government. Putrajaya Corporation, already formed in 1995 to oversee its development, also serve as a municipal-level authority to the new planned city.
More expressways linking areas of the metropolitan starts to operate, such as Guthrie Corridor Expressway (Bukit Jelutong to Rawang), Kuala Lumpur-Putrajaya Expressway (later known as Maju Expressway), Kajang Dispersal Link Expressway (Kajang SILK), and most notably the SMART Tunnel, the hybrid tunnel that also serves as Kuala Lumpur's flood mitigation. In terms of public transportation, the electrification of Ipoh-Rawang sector and Batu Caves branch allows commuter to operate extensively to more areas, up to Tanjung Malim.
2010s
This period focuses on solidification of the current metropolitan area, as most of the projects caters to accommodate growing needs of the urban area in terms of jobs, housing and mobility. As such, the area does not expand much anymore but population in the included areas keep growing.
Major development projects such as Seremban 2 and Bandar Seri Sendayan fills the remaining gaps in the Negeri Sembilan part. Acknowledging the growth, the Malaysia Vision Valley was established in 2015, aiming to enhance economic development in the state as part of Greater Kuala Lumpur.
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Definition
Greater Kuala Lumpur is conterminous with the National Growth Conurbation, which spans the Klang Valley, the Malaysia Vision Valley region in western Negeri Sembilan to the south, and the topographically mountainous western frontier of Pahang to the east. The conurbation also reaches its northern limit at the town of Tanjung Malim in southern Perak. It is defined as an area covered by 17 municipalities surrounding Kuala Lumpur as the central economic area. Each of the municipal areas are governed by separate local authorities.[8][9][10][11]
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Usage
The term "Greater Kuala Lumpur" is a relatively new term as compared to the more prevalent and established Klang Valley term, and is often mistaken for Klang Valley despite both having two different definitions.
Statistics
In 2010, the Greater KL population was estimated at close to seven million and it contributed about RM263 billion to the nation's Gross National Income (GNI). Kuala Lumpur ranks 79th out of 140 cities in the Economist Intelligence Unit's survey on liveability.
Cities/towns/areas within Greater Kuala Lumpur
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Batu
Caves
Caves
A map of Kuala Lumpur with the locations of the city centre and its suburbs.
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List of Greater KL districts by population
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See also
Metropolitan areas of Malaysia
References
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