Kavkazsky otdel

The Kavkazsky otdel^[a] was a Cossack district (otdel) of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Yeysky otdel to the north, the Tamansky otdel to the west, the Yekaterinodarsky and Maykopsky otdels to the south, and the Stavropol Governorate to the east. The area of the Kavkazsky otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of the Russian Federation. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kavkazskaya.^[1]

Kavkazsky otdel Кавказскій отдѣлъ
Otdel
Location in the Kuban Oblast
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Oblast	Kuban
Established	1876
Abolished	1924
Capital	Kavkazskaya
Area
• Total	15,866.18 km2 (6,125.97 sq mi)
Population  (1916)
• Total	462,235
• Density	29/km2 (75/sq mi)
• Rural	100.00%

Administrative divisions

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Kavkazsky otdel in 1912 were as follows:^[2]

Name	1912 population
1-y uchastok (1-й участокъ)	44,713
2-y uchastok (2-й участокъ)	40,780
3-y uchastok (3-й участокъ)	59,122
4-y uchastok (4-й участокъ)	56,488

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Kavkazsky otdel had a population of 249,182 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 126,540 men and 122,642 women. The majority of the population indicated Russian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Ukrainian speaking minority.^[3]

Linguistic composition of the Kavkazsky otdel in 1897^[3]

Language	Native speakers	%
Russian	127,385	51.12
Ukrainian	114,037	45.76
German	3,972	1.59
Belarusian	757	0.30
Armenian	728	0.29
Polish	378	0.15
Tatar[b]	335	0.13
Romanian	307	0.12
Romani	279	0.11
Greek	182	0.07
Czech	117	0.05
Latvian	101	0.04
Bulgarian	96	0.04
Mordovian	89	0.04
Georgian	85	0.03
Kalmyk	66	0.03
Ossetian	63	0.03
Turkish	36	0.01
Jewish	30	0.01
Kazi-Kumukh	23	0.01
Kyurin	23	0.01
Circassian	17	0.01
Lithuanian	15	0.01
Kabardian	12	0.00
Kumyk	10	0.00
Persian	6	0.00
Nogai	5	0.00
Estonian	3	0.00
Avar-Andean	2	0.00
Karachay	1	0.00
Other	22	0.01
TOTAL	249,182	100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Kavkazsky otdel had a population of 462,235 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 235,883 men and 226,352 women, 235,550 of whom were the permanent population, and 226,685 were temporary residents:^[6]

Nationality	Number	%
Russians	454,981	98.43
Other Europeans	5,280	1.14
Armenians	1,046	0.23
Shia Muslims[c]	629	0.14
Georgians	224	0.05
North Caucasians	72	0.02
Jews	3	0.00
TOTAL	462,235	100.00

Notes

1. • Russian: Кавка́зскій отдѣ́лъ, romanized: Kavkázsky otdél
   • Ukrainian: Кавказький відділ, romanized: Kavkazkyy viddil
2. Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[4][5]
3. Primarily Tatars.^[7]