Top Qs

Timeline

Chat

Perspective

Outline of anarchism

Overview of and topical guide to anarchism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Remove ads

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to anarchism:

Nature

Schools of thought

History

Thumb — The execution of the Haymarket martyrs following the Haymarket affair of 1886 inspired a new generation of anarchists

Timeline of major events

Historic precedents and background events (pre-1840)

1793 – William Godwin publishes Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, implicitly establishing the philosophical foundations of anarchism.^[9]
1827 – Josiah Warren opens the Cincinnati Time Store, an early experiment in mutualist economics.

Early stages (1840-1870)

1840 – Pierre-Joseph Proudhon publishes What Is Property? and becomes history's first self-proclaimed anarchist.
1844 – The Ego and Its Own published by Max Stirner.
1845 – Ramón de la Sagra founds the first anarchist journal in Spain.
1850 – Anarchist Manifesto published by Anselme Bellegarrigue.
1864 – International Workingmen's Association (IWA) founded.^[10]
1867–69 – Julio López Chávez revolt in Mexico.

Classical era (1870–1913)

1870–71 – Paris Commune, Lyon Commune and Besançon Commune in France.
1872 – Hague Congress in the Netherlands.
1872 – St. Imier Congress in Switzerland.
1873–74 – Cantonal rebellion and Petroleum Revolution in Spain.
1874 – Bologna insurrection in Italy.
1877 – Matese insurrection in Italy.
1878 – Assassination attempt against Kaiser Wilhelm I by Max Hödel.
1882–83 – Mano Negra affair in Spain.
1886 – Strike of 1886 in Belgium.
1886 – Haymarket affair in the USA. Leads to International Workers' Day/May Day.
1891 – Clichy Affair in France.
1892 – The Conquest of Bread by Peter Kropotkin is published.
1892 – Jerez uprising in Spain.
1892 – Walsall Anarchists in Britain.
1893 – Liceu bombing in Spain.^[11]
1894 – Lunigiana revolt in Italy.
1894 – Omladina Trial in the Austro-Hungarian empire.
1894 – Assassination of French President Sadi Carnot by Sante Geronimo Caserio.
1894 – Trial of the Thirty in France.
1896 – Barcelona Corpus Christi procession bombing and Montjuïc trial in Spain.
1897 – Assassination of Spanish PM Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.
1898 – Assassination of Empress Elisabeth of Austria.
1900 – Assassination of King Umberto I of Italy.
1901 – Assassination of US President William McKinley.
1903 – Strandzha Commune in the Ottoman Empire.
1903 – Immigration Act of 1903 in the USA.
1907 – International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam in the Netherlands.
1907 – Tenants' strike in Argentina.
1908 – Red Flag Incident in Japan.
1909 – Assassination of Chief of Police Ramón Lorenzo Falcón.
1909 – Francisco Ferrer executed in Spain.
1910–11 – High Treason Incident in Japan.
1911 – Magonista rebellion in Mexico.
1912 – Assassination of Spanish PM José Canalejas y Méndez.
1912–27 – The Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement in China and France.
1913 – Assassination of George I of Greece.

World War I, Interwar period and World War II (1914 – 1945)

1916 – Manifesto of the Sixteen published.
1916 – Serifos miners strike in Greece.
1917–21 – the Makhnovshchina is active in Ukraine.
1918–20 – Constitution Protection Region of Southern Fujian in China.
1918 – Explosion in Leontievsky Lane in Russia.
1918 – First Republic of Pińczów established in Poland.
1918 – Rio de Janeiro anarchist insurrection in Brazil.
1919 – Tragic Week in Argentina.
1919 – La Canadenca strike in Spain.
1919 – United States anarchist bombings.
1919–20 – First Red Scare and Palmer Raids in the USA.
1919–20 – Biennio Rosso in Italy.
1920–22 – Patagonia Rebelde and La Forestral massacre in Argentina.
1920 – Wall Street bombing in the USA.
1921 – Assassination of Spanish PM Eduardo Dato.
1923 – Kantō Massacre and Amakasu Incident in Japan.
1926 – Gino Lucetti attempts to assassinate Benito Mussolini in Italy.
1926–28 – Severino Di Giovanni bombing campaign in Argentina.
1927 – Sacco and Vanzetti executed in the USA.
1929–31 – Korean People's Association in Manchuria in China.
1931 – Taking of Encarnación in Paraguay.
1932 – Alt Llobregat insurrection in Spain.
1933 – Anarchist insurrection of January 1933 and Casas Viejas incident in Spain.
1933 – Anarchist insurrection of December 1933 in Spain.
1934 – Erich Mühsam murdered in a Nazi concentration camp.
1934 – Asturian miners' strike of 1934 in Spain.
1936–39 – the Spanish Civil War and Spanish Revolution.^[12]
1937 – May Days in Spain.
1943 – Carlo Tresca assassinated in the USA.

Cold War era (1946 – 1989)

1955 – Pierre Morain becomes the first French activist jailed for supporting Algerian independence.
1968 – May 68 in France.^[13]
1969 – Piazza Fontana bombing and death of Giuseppe Pinelli in Italy.
1970 – Barracks anarchists killed in Italy.
1971 – Chomsky–Foucault debate the Netherlands.
1978 – Scala case in Spain.
1980 – Faurisson affair in France.
1980 – Wanganui Computer Centre bombing in New Zealand.
1982 – Litton Industries bombing in Canada.
1986 – Battle of Ryesgade in Denmark.

Post-Cold War era resurgence (1990 – present)

1994–2020 – Zapatista uprising and Chiapas conflict in Mexico.
1999 – Murder of Björn Söderberg in Sweden.
1999 – Seattle WTO protests in the USA.
2001 – Katie Sierra free speech case in the USA.
2006 – 4F case in Spain.
2008 – Tarnac Nine arrested in France.
2008 – Greek riots.
2011 – Occupy movement begins.
2012 – Rojava conflict begins.
2016 – Audrey Tang appointed Minister without portfolio in Taiwan.
2017 – Catalan general strike in Spain.^[14]
2018 – Arkhangelsk FSB office bombing in Russia.
2019 – Tacoma attack in the USA.
2023 – Killing of Tortuguita in the USA.
2024 – Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell in the USA.

History by region

Thumb — Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations on 1 May 1986 at the Melbourne Eight Hour Day monument

Historians

Historical societies

Remove ads

Organizations

Notable organizations

Political internationals

International Alliance of Socialist Democracy (1868–1871)
Anti-Authoritarian International (1872–1877)
International Working People's Association (1881–1887)
International Workers' Association (est. 1922)
- Asociación Continental Americana de Trabajadores (1929–1941)^[15]
International of Anarchist Federations (est. 1968)
International Confederation of Labour (est. 2018)

Platformist federations

Delo Truda (1925–1930)
Friends of Durruti Group (1937–1939)
Uruguayan Anarchist Federation (est. 1956)
Alternative libertaire (1991–2019)
Revolutionary Confederation of Anarcho-Syndicalists (1994–2014)
Autonomous Action (est. 2002)
Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front (est. 2003)
Libertære Socialister (2009–2017)
Libertarian Communist Union (est. 2019)
The Platform (est. 2019)

Syndicalist federations

Federation of Workers of the Spanish Region (1881–1888)
Sociedad Cosmopolita de Resistencia y Colocación de Obreros Panaderos (1887–1930)
Pact of Union and Solidarity (1888–1896)^[16]
National Labor Secretariat (1893–1914)
Confédération Générale du Travail (est. 1895)
Free Association of German Trade Unions (1897–1919)
Federation of Workers' Societies of the Spanish Region (1900–1907)^[17]
Argentine Regional Workers' Federation (est. 1901)
Industrial Workers of the World (est. 1905)
- IWW-South Africa (1910–1922)
- IWW-Chile (1919–1927)
Paraguayan Regional Workers' Federation (1906–1916)^[18]
Solidaridad Obrera (1907–1910)
Brazilian Workers' Confederation (1908–1915)
Union of Russian Workers (1908–1919)
Central Organisation of the Workers of Sweden (est. 1910)
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (est. 1910)
Fagoppositionens Sammenslutning (1910–1921)^[19]
Unione Sindacale Italiana (est. 1912)
Peruvian Regional Workers' Federation (1912–1925)
Casa del Obrero Mundial (1912–1916)
National Workers' Union (Portugal) (1914–1919)^[20]
Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund (est. 1916)
Regional Workers' Center of Paraguay (1916–1934)^[21]
Free Workers' Union of Germany (1919–1933)
General Confederation of Labour (Portugal) (1919–1938)^[22]
Syndicalist Defense Committee (1922–1926)
Dutch Syndicalist Trade Union Federation (1923–1940)
All-Japan Libertarian Federation of Labour Unions (1926–1936)^[23]
Confédération Générale du Travail-Syndicaliste Révolutionnaire (1926–1939)
Syndikalistiska Arbetarefederationen (1928–1938)
Libertarian Federal Council of Labour Unions of Japan (1929–1934)^[23]
Union of Trade Unions (1931–1939)
Confédération nationale du travail (est. 1946)
Free Workers' Union (est. 1977)
Solidarity Federation (est. 1979)
Confederación General del Trabajo (est. 1979)
Workers' Initiative (est. 2001)
Autonomous Workers' Union (2011–2018)

Synthesis federations

Anarchist Federation of Poland (1926–1939)
Federación Anarquista Ibérica (est. 1927)
Mexican Anarchist Federation (est. 1945)
Fédération Anarchiste (est. 1945)
Federazione Anarchica Italiana (est. 1945)
Japanese Anarchist Federation (est. 1946)
Argentine Libertarian Federation (est. 1955)
Anarchist Federation (Britain) (est. 1986)

Militant groups

The Disinherited (1882–1885)
Boatmen of Thessaloniki (1898–1903)
Chernoe Znamia (1903–1908)
Union of Poor Peasants (1905–1908)
Chinese Assassination Corps (1910–1911)
Rewolucyjni Mściciele (1910–1914)
Bonnot Gang (1911–1912)
Red Battalions (1914–1916)
Black Guards (1917–1919)
Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine (1918–1921)
- 1st Donetsk Corps (1919–1920)
- 2nd Azov Corps (1919–1920)
- 6th Kyiv Corps (1919–1920)
- Air Fleet (1918–1921)
- Azov-Black Sea Flotilla (1919)
- Kontrrazvedka (1919–1921)
Heroic Corps (1919–1928)
Red Legion (1919–1925)
Los Justicieros (1920–1922)
Los Solidarios (1922–1924)
Los Errantes (1924–1926)
Black Band (1929–1933)
Confederal militias (1934–1937)
- Andalusia-Extremadura Column (1936–1937)
- Ascaso Column (1936–1937)
- Durruti Column (1936–1937)
- Harriers Column (1936–1937)
- Iberia Column (1936–1937)
- Iron Column (1936–1937)
- Land and Freedom Column (1936–1937)
- Maroto Column (1936)
- Red and Black Column (1936)
- Rosal Column (1936–1937)
- Torres-Benedito Column (1936–1937)
Anarchist brigades in the Italian Resistance (1943–1945)
104th Company of Syndicalists (1943–1944)
Syndicalist Brigade (1944–1945)
Defensa Interior (1961–1965)^[24]
First of May Group (1966–1974)
The Angry Brigade (1968–1972)
East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front (1972–1975)
2 June Movement (1972–1980)
Internationalist Revolutionary Action Groups (1973–1979)^[25]
Resistencia Libertaria (1974–1978)
Fasel Gang (1977–1991)
Comandos Autónomos Anticapitalistas (1978–1985)
Action Directe (1979–1987)
CLODO (1980–1983)
Squamish Five (1981–1983)
People's Liberation Front (1989–1991)
Revolutionary Nuclei (1996–2000)
Informal Anarchist Federation (est. 2003)
Revolutionary Struggle (est. 2003)
Revolutionary Action (est. 2005)
Leon Czolgosz Autonomous and Destructive Forces (2006–2009)
Revolutionary Anarchist Front (2007–2009)
Severino di Giovanni Antipatriot Band (2007–2012)
Conspiracy of Fire Nuclei (est. 2008)
Jean Marc Rouillan Armed and Heartless Columns (2008–2012)
Revolutionary Cells (2009–2011)
Sect of Revolutionaries (2009–2011)
Iconoclastic Caravans for Free Will (2009–2012)
Efraín Plaza Olmedo Dynamite Band (2009–2013)
Práxedis G. Guerrero Autonomous Cells of Immediate Revolution (2009–2014)
Vandalika Teodoro Suárez Gang (2010–2011)
Mariano Sánchez Añón Insurrectional Cell (2010–2014)
Antagonic Nuclei of the New Urban Guerrilla (est. 2011)
Anarchic Cell for Revolutionary Solidarity (2012)
People's Self-Defense (2013–2022)
Organization for Revolutionary Self-Defense (2014–2019)
Revolutionary Union for Internationalist Solidarity (est. 2015)
Anarchist Struggle (est. 2017)
International Revolutionary People's Guerrilla Forces (2017–2018)
Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists (est. 2018)
Resistance Committee (est. 2022)

Others

Jura federation (est. 1870)
Freedom Press (est. 1886)
Anarchist Black Cross (est. 1906)
Mexican Liberal Party (est. 1906)
Spies for Peace (1963)
Popular Indigenous Council of Oaxaca "Ricardo Flores Magón" (est. 1997)
Anarchists Against the Wall (est. 2003)

Structures

Remove ads

Literature

Manifestos and expositions

(1840–1914)

Anarchist Manifesto (1850) by Anselme Bellegarrigue
The General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century (1851) by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
The Principles of Anarchism (c. 1890s) by Lucy Parsons
The Soul of Man under Socialism (1891) by Oscar Wilde
The Conquest of Bread (1892) by Peter Kropotkin
Anarchy Defended by Anarchists (1896) by Emma Goldman and Johann Most

(1914–1984)

Anarchism: From Theory to Practice (1965) by Daniel Guérin

(1985–present)

Listen, Anarchist! (1987) by Chaz Bufe
Anarchy Alive! (2007) by Uri Gordon
The Government of No One: The Theory and Practice of Anarchism (2019) by Ruth Kinna

Remove ads

.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}Notable figures

Summarize

Perspective

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Belgium

Bolivia

Petronila Infantes

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brazil

Bulgaria

Canada

Chile

China

Cuba

Canek Sánchez Guevara

Czechia

Denmark

Halfdan Rasmussen

Ecuador

Piedad Moscoso

Finland

Georgia

Varlam Cherkezishvili^[26]

Germany

Greece

Iceland

India

Ireland

Israel

Italy

Korea

Japan

Macedonia

Atanas Razdolov

Mexico

Netherlands

New Zealand

Nigeria

Sam Mbah

Norway

Paraguay

Peru

Poland

Portugal

Romania

Russia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

Omar Aziz

Taiwan

Audrey Tang

Turkey

Tunisia

Amina Tyler

Ukraine

United Kingdom

United States of America

Uruguay

Non-anarchists influential on anarchism

Remove ads

Places named after anarchists

Action Directe (climb), Germany
Anarchist Mountain, Canada
Collège Louise-Michel in Paris, France
Doctor Moisés Bertoni, Paraguay
Dorothy Day homeless shelter, United States
Eloxochitlán de Flores Magón, Mexico
Fred Hollows Reserve, Australia
Haymarket Martyrs' Monument, USA
Georg von Rauch Haus, Germany
Golets Kropotkin, Russia
Louise Michel station, France
Kropotkin, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia
Kropotkin, Krasnodar Krai, Russia
Kropotkin Range, Russia
Kropotkinskaya, Russia
Medical University of Varna "Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov", Bulgaria
Metropolitan Ervin Szabó Library, Hungary
Mount Kropotkin, Antarctica
Parc Georges-Brassens, France
Práxedis G. Guerrero Municipality, Mexico
Práxedis Gilberto Guerrero, Chihuahua, Mexico
Red Emma's, United States
Ricardo Flores Magón metro station, Mexico
Scientific Monument Moises Bertoni, Paraguay
Soviet monitor Zhelezniakov, Ukraine
Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Mexico
Tolstoy, United States

Remove ads

Related philosophies

See also

Footnotes

Loading content...

Further reading

Loading content...

External links

Loading content...

Loading related searches...

Wikiwand - on

Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.

Remove ads