List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe

This article is a list of languages and dialects that have no native speakers, no spoken descendants, and that diverged from their parent language in Europe.

Language Endangerment Status by UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger category
Extinct (EX)
Extinct (EX)	(lists)
Endangered
Critically Endangered (CR) Severely Endangered (SE) Definitely Endangered (DE) Vulnerable (VU)	(list) (list) (list) (list)
Safe
Safe (NE)	no list
Other categories
Revived (RE) Constructed (CL)	(list) (list)
Related topics Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger Endangered Languages Project Ethnologue Unclassified language List of languages by total number of speakers
UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger categories
v t e

Currently extinct

Language/dialect	Family	Date of extinction	Region	Ethnic group(s)
Aeolic Greek	Indo-European	300 BC[citation needed]	Aeolis, Boeotia, Lesbos, Thessaly	Aeolians
Aequian	Indo-European	200s BC[1]	East-central Italy	Aequi
Akkala Sámi	Uralic	29 December 2003[2]	Southwest Kola Peninsula	Akkala Sámi
Alavese	Basque (language isolate)	[data missing]	Álava	Alavese Basques
Ancient Belgian	Indo-European	[data missing]	Nordwestblock	Belgae
Ancient Macedonian	Indo-European	0–300s AD[3]	Macedonia	Ancient Macedonians
Andalusi Arabic	Afroasiatic	1600s AD[4]	Al-Andalus	Andalusi Muslims
Andalusi Romance	Indo-European	1300s AD[5]	Al-Andalus	Mozarabs and Muladí
Antrim Irish	Indo-European	25 February 1983[6]	County Antrim	Irish
Arcadocypriot Greek	Indo-European	300 BC[citation needed]	Arcadia and Cyprus	Arcadocypriot Greeks
Armeno-Kipchak	Turkic	1600 AD[7]	Crimea	Crimean Armenians
Army Slavic	German–Czech pidgin	1918 AD[8]	Austria-Hungary	Austro-Hungarian Army
Arran Gaelic	Indo-European	1977 AD[9]	Isle of Arran	Arran Gaels
Auregnais	Indo-European	1960s AD[10]	Alderney	Channel Islanders of Alderney
Basque–Icelandic pidgin	Basque–Icelandic pidgin	1600s AD[11]	Westfjords	Basque whalers and Icelanders
Bohemian Romani	Indo-European	1939–1945[12]	Bohemia	Bohemian Romani
Borgarmålet	Swedish–Sámi pidgin	1700s AD[13]	Swedish Sápmi	Swedes and Sámi
British Latin	Indo-European	700s AD[14]	Roman Britain; later Anglo-Saxon England	British Romans
Bulgar	Turkic	1200s AD[15]	Danubian Bulgaria and Volga Bulgaria	Bulgars
Buri	Indo-European	[data missing]	western Slovakia	Buri tribe
Burgundian	Indo-European	500s AD[16]	Kingdom of the Burgundians	Burgundians
Camunic	Unclassified	500–0s BC[17]	Val Camonica	Camunni
Celtiberian	Indo-European	100s AD[18]	Iberia	Celtiberians
Cimmerian	Indo-European	620–580s BC[19]	North Caucasus	Cimmerians
Cisalpine Gaulish	Indo-European	50s BC[20]	Cisalpine Gaul	Cisalpine Gauls
Crimean Gothic	Indo-European	1700s AD[21]	Crimea	Crimean Goths
Cromarty	Indo-European	2 October 2012[22]	Cromarty	Scots
Cuman	Turkic	1770 AD[23]	Cumania and Hungary	Cumans
Cumbric	Indo-European	1100s AD[24]	Cumbria	Cumbrians
Curonian	Indo-European	1500s AD[25]	Courland	Curonians
Dacian	Indo-European	500s AD[26]	Dacia	Dacians
Dalmatian	Indo-European	10 June 1898[27]	Dalmatia	Dalmatae
Dardanian	Indo-European	[data missing]	Kingdom of Dardania	Dardani
Deeside Gaelic	Indo-European	18 March 1984[28]	Aberdeenshire	Gaels of Aberdeenshire
East Sutherland Gaelic	Indo-European	2020[29][30]	Sutherland	Gaels, Scottish people
Eastern Navarrese	Basque (language isolate)	1991[31]	Navarre	Basques
Eiderstedt Frisian	Indo-European	mid-1800s AD[32]	Eiderstedt	Eiderstedt Frisians
Elymian	Indo-European	500–0s BC[33]	Western Sicily	Elymians
Eteocretan	Unclassified	200s BC[34]	Crete	Eteocretans
Eteocypriot	Unclassified	300s BC[35]	Cyprus	Eteocypriots
Etruscan	Tyrsenian	0s AD[36]	Etruria	Etruscans
Faliscan	Indo-European	100s BC[37]	Northern Lazio	Falisci
Fingallian	Indo-European	1840–1860s[citation needed]	Fingal	Fingallians
Franco-Italian	Indo-European	1300s AD[38]	Northern Italy	North Italian writers
Gallaecian	Indo-European	[data missing]	Gallaecia	Gallaeci
Galwegian Gaelic	Indo-European	1760 AD[39]	Galloway	Galwegian Gaels
Gaulish	Indo-European	500s AD[40]	Gaul	Gauls
Gelonian	Indo-European	[data missing]	Gallaecia	Vorskla
Golyad	Indo-European	1100s AD[41]	Protva basin	Eastern Galindians
Gothic	Indo-European	1700s AD[42]	Throughout Europe	Goths
Harlingerland Frisian	Indo-European	1700s AD[43]	Harlingerland	East Frisians
Hernican	Indo-European	1000–0s BC[44]	Southeast Latium	Hernici
Herulian	Indo-European	after 500s AD[citation needed]	Middle Danube	Heruli
Hiberno-Latin	Indo-European	1100s AD[45]	Ireland	Irish monks
Hunnic	Unclassified	400s AD[46]	Hunnic Empire	Huns
Iazychie	Indo-European	1900s[47]	Halychyna, Bukovina, Zakarpattia	Ukrainian and Carpatho-Rusyn Moskvophiles
Iberian	Unclassified	0–500s AD[48]	Iberia	Iberians
Illyrian	Indo-European	100s AD[49]	Illyria	Illyrians
Istrian Albanian	Indo-European	1800s AD[50]	Istria	Istrian Albanians
Jassic	Indo-European	1400s AD[51]	Jászság	Jász
Judaeo-Aragonese	Indo-European	after 1492 AD[citation needed]	Aragon	Aragonese Jews
Judaeo-Catalan	Indo-European	after 1492 AD[citation needed]	Catalan Countries	Catalonian Jews
Judaeo-Piedmontese	Indo-European	[data missing]	Piedmont	Piedmontese Jews
Judaeo-Portuguese	Indo-European	1800–1820s AD[52]	Portugal	Portuguese Jews
Judeo-Livornese	Indo-European	After August 18, 1962[citation needed]	Livorno	Livornese Jews
Judeo-Mantuan	Indo-European	20th century[citation needed]	Mantua	Mantuan Jews
Judeo-Provençal	Indo-European	mid 20th-century[53]	Provence	Provençal Jews
Judeo-Venetian	Indo-European	1900s[54]	Venice	Venetian Jews
Kainuu Sámi	Uralic	1700s AD[55]	Kainuu	Kainuu Sámi
Karamanli Turkish	Turkic	1800s[citation needed]	Greece, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Romania	Karamanlides
Kemi Sámi	Uralic	by 1900s[56]	Southern Finnish Lapland	Kemi Sámi
Khazar	Turkic	1100s AD[57]	Khazar Khaganate	Khazars
Klezmer-loshn	Indo-European	1900s[citation needed]	Eastern Europe	Klezmorim
Knaanic	Indo-European	1600s AD[58]	Central Europe	West Slavic Jews
Kraasna	Uralic	1935-1939 AD[59]	Krasnogorodsk	Kraasna Estonians
Krevinian	Uralic	1800s AD[60]	Latvia	Kreevins
Lachoudisch	Indo-European	2022 AD[61]	Schopfloch	Jews of Bavaria
Laiuse Romani	Mixed Romani–Estonian	1940s AD[62]	Laiuse	Romani of Laiuse
Lanuvian	Indo-European	500s BC[citation needed]	Lanuvium	Lanuvians
Leinster Irish	Indo-European	[data missing]	Leinster	Irish of Leinster
Leivu	Uralic	1988 AD[63]	Gauja	Gauja Estonians
Lemnian	Tyrsenian	400s BC[64]	Lemnos	Lemnians
Lepontic	Indo-European	0s BC[65]	Cisalpine Gaul and Raetia	Lepontii
Liburnian	Indo-European	200s BC-300s AD[66]	Liburnia	Liburnians
Ligurian	Unclassified	100s AD[67]	Liguria	Ligures
Locrian Greek	Indo-European	[data missing]	Locris	Locrians
Lombardic	Indo-European	800s AD[68]	Pannonia and Italy	Lombards
Ludza	Uralic	2006[69] or 2014	Latgale	Ludza Estonians
Lusitanian	Indo-European	100s AD[70]	Lusitania	Lusitanians
Malkh	Northeast Caucasian	[data missing]	North Caucasus	Malkh
Marsian	Indo-European	150s BC[71]	Marsica	Marsi
Marrucinian	Indo-European	200s BC[72]	Chieti	Marrucini
Merya	Uralic	by 1700s AD[73]	Upper Volga region	Meryans
Meshchera	Uralic	1500s AD[74]	Meshchera Lowlands	Meshchera
Messapic	Indo-European	100s BC[75]	Salento	Messapians
Southern Goesharde Frisian	Indo-European	1981[76]	Southern Goesharde	Frisians of South Goesharde
Minoan	Unclassified	1450s BC[77]	Crete	Minoans
Moselle Romance	Indo-European	1000s AD[78]	The Moselle	People along the Moselle
Muromian	Uralic	900s AD[79]	Oka basin	Muromians
Mycenaean Greek	Indo-European	1200s BC[80]	Mycenaean Greece	Mycenaean Greeks
Mysian	Indo-European	0s BC[81]	Balkans	Mysians
Noric	Indo-European	100s AD[82]	Noricum	Norici
Norn	Indo-European	1850 AD[83]	Northern Isles and Caithness	Norse settlement of Northern Isles and Caithness
North Picene	Unclassified	1000–0s BC[84]	North Picenum	North Picentes
Northern Manx	Indo-European	1940s AD[85]	Northern part of the Isle of Man	Northern Manx
Oenotrian	Indo-European	400s BC[86]	Southern Italy	Oenotrians
Old Novgorod	Indo-European	1500s AD[87]	Novgorod Republic	Novgorodians
Old Prussian	Indo-European	1700s AD[88]	Prussia	Old Prussians
Oscan	Indo-European	0s AD[89]	Campania and Latium adiectum	Osci
Paelignian	Indo-European	100s BC[90]	Valle Peligna	Paeligni
Paeonian	Indo-European	[data missing]	Paeonia	Paeonians
Paleo-Corsican	Unclassified	[data missing]	Corsica	Ancient Corsi
Paleo-Sardinian	Unclassified	100s AD[citation needed]	Sardinia	Nuragic peoples
Pamphylian Greek	Indo-European	[data missing]	Pamphylia	Pamphylians
Pannonian Avar	Unclassified	600s AD[citation needed]	Pannonian Basin	Pannonian Avars
Pannonian Romance	Indo-European	1100s AD[91]	Pannonia	Latin Pannonians
Pecheneg	Turkic	1100s AD[92]	Eastern Europe	Pechenegs
Pelasgian	Unclassified	[data missing]	Aegean Islands	Pelasgians
Phrygian	Indo-European	after 400 AD[93]	Balkans	Bryges
Pictish	Indo-European	1000s AD[94]	Northern Scotland	Picts
Polabian	Indo-European	3 October 1756 AD[95]	Northeastern Germany	Polabian Slavs
Pomeranian Baltic	Indo-European	1st millenium BC[96]	Baltic Pomerania	Pomeranian Balts
Praenestinian	Indo-European	500s BC[citation needed]	Palestrina	Praenestinians
Prague German	Indo-European	after 1945[citation needed]	Prague	Prague Germans
Pre-Samnite	Indo-European	500s BC[97]	Campania	Pre-Samnites
Punic	Afroasiatic	600s AD[98]	Iberia, Malta, Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands	Carthaginians
Rhaetic	Tyrsenian	0s BC[99]	Raetia	Raeti
Rotvælsk	Indo-European	1900s[100]	Denmark	Natmændsfolk
Rugian	Indo-European	[data missing]	Lower Austria	Rugii
Russenorsk	Russian–Norwegian pidgin	1900s[101]	Northern Norway	Pomors and Norwegians
Sabine	Indo-European	300s-200s BC[102]	Sabina	Sabines
Sabir	Romance-based Pidgin	1800s AD[103]	Mediterranean Basin	Medieval traders and Crusaders
Selonian	Indo-European	1500s AD[104]	Selonia	Selonians
Semigallian	Indo-European	1500s AD[105]	Semigallia	Semigallians
Shirvani Arabic	Afroasiatic	1850–1890s AD[citation needed]	Shirvan	Shirvani
Sicanian	Unclassified	by 300s BC[106]	Central Sicily	Sicani
Siculian	Indo-European	300s BC[107]	Eastern Sicily	Sicels
Sidicini	Indo-European	[data missing]	Sidicinum	Sidicini
Skalvian	Indo-European	1200s AD[citation needed]	Scalovia	Skalvians
Skirian	Indo-European	[data missing]	North of the Middle Danube	Sciri
Slovincian	Indo-European	1900s[108]	Northwestern Kashubia	Slovincians
Solombala English	English–Russian pidgin	1800s AD[109]	Solombala Shipyard	English and Russian traders
Sorothaptic	Indo-European	100s AD[citation needed]	Catalan Countries	Urnfield culture
South Picene	Indo-European	300s BC[110]	South Picenum	South Picentes
Sudovian	Indo-European	1500s AD[111]	Yotvingia	Yotvingians
Suebian	Indo-European	500s AD[citation needed]	Elbe basin and northwestern Iberia	Suebi
Tartessian	Unclassified	100s BC[112]	Tartessos	Tartessians
Thracian	Indo-European	500s AD[113]	Thracia	Thracians
Ubykh	Northwest Caucasian	7 October 1992[114]	Ubykhia	Ubykh
Umbrian	Indo-European	0s BC[115]	Umbria	Umbri
Upgant Frisian	Indo-European	mid-1600s[citation needed]	Upgant-Schott	Frisians of Upgant-Schott
Vandalic	Indo-European	500s AD[116]	Vandal kingdoms	Vandals
Värmland Savonian	Uralic	1969 AD[117]	Värmland	Forest Finns
Venetic	Indo-European	0s BC[118]	Veneto	Adriatic Veneti
Vestinian	Indo-European	100s BC[119]	Abruzzo	Vestini
Volscian	Indo-European	200s BC[120]	Volscia	Volsci
Wangerooge Frisian	Indo-European	22 November 1950[121]	Wangerooge	Wangerooge Frisians
Welsh Romani	Indo-European	1950 AD[122]	Wales	Romani
West Galindian	Indo-European	1300s AD[123]	Prussia	Western Galindians
Wursten Frisian	Indo-European	1810–1830s AD[citation needed]	Land Wursten	Frisians of Land Wursten
Yola	Indo-European	1800s AD[124]	Forth and Bargy	Irish of Forth and Bargy
Zarphatic	Indo-European	1300s AD[125]	Northern France and west-central Germany	French Jews

Formerly extinct

Language/dialect	Family	Date of extinction	Date of revival	Region	Ethnic group
Cornish	Indo-European	1700s AD[126]	1900s	Cornwall	Cornish people
Livonian	Uralic	2 June 2013[127]	2020	Livonian Coast	Livonians
Manx	Indo-European	27 December 1974[128]	1970s	Isle of Man	Manx people

See also

• Europe portal
• Language portal

• Lists of extinct languages
• List of endangered languages in Europe