List of human blood components

In blood banking, the fractions of Whole Blood used for transfusion are also called components.

Compound	Comments	In whole blood (g/cm3)	In plasma or serum (g/cm3)
Water	Solvent	0.81-0.86	0.93-0.95
Acetoacetate	Produced in liver	8-40 ×10−7	4-43 ×10−7
Acetone	product of bodyfat breakdown	3-20 ×10−6
Acetylcholine	Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system	6.6-8.2 ×10−8
Adenosine triphosphate	Energy storage
	total	3.1-5.7 ×10−4
	phosphorus	5-10 ×10−5
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone	Stimulates the adrenal cortex		2.5-12 ×10−11
	@ 6AM, mean		5.5 ×10−11
	@ 6AM, maximum		12 ×10−11
	@ 6PM, mean		3.5 ×10−11
	@ 6PM, maximum		<7.5 ×10−11
Alanine	Amino acid	2.7-5.5 ×10−5	2.4-7.6 ×10−5
Albumin	Blood plasma protein		3.5-5.0 ×10−2[1]
Aluminum		1-40 ×10−8	1-88 ×10−8
Selenium		60–150 ng/mL
Aldosterone	Regulates electrolyte balance
	supine		3-10 ×10−11
	standing, male		6-22 ×10−11
	standing, female		5-30 ×10−11
Amino acids	Protein building blocks
	total	3.8-5.3 ×10−4
	nitrogen	4.6-6.8 ×10−5	3.0-5.5 ×10−5
alpha-Aminobutyric acid		1-2 ×10−6	1-2 ×10−6
δ-Aminolevulinic acid			1.5-2.3 ×10−7
Ammonia nitrogen		1-2 ×10−6	1.0-4.9 ×10−7
cAMP	Intracellular signal transduction molecule
	male		5.6-10.9 ×10−9
	female		3.6-8.9 ×10−9
Androstenedione	Steroid hormone
	male >18 yrs		2-30 ×10−10
	female >18 yrs		8-30 ×10−10
Androsterone	Steroid hormone		1.5 ×10−7
Angiotensin I	Angiotensin II precursor		1.1-8.8 ×10−11
Angiotensin II	Vasoconstrictor		1.2-3.6 ×10−11
Alpha 1-antitrypsin	Serine protease inhibitor		7.8-20 ×10−4
Arginine	Amino acid	6-17 ×10−6	1.3-3.6 ×10−5
Arsenic	normal range	2-62 ×10−9
	chronic poisoning	100-500 ×10−9
	acute poisoning	600-9300 ×10−9
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)	Important vitamin	1-15 ×10−6	6-20 ×10−6
Aspartic acid	Amino acid		0-3 ×10−6
	In WBCs	2.5-4.0 ×10−4	9-12 ×10−6
Bicarbonate	Buffer in blood		5-5.7 ×10−4
Bile acids	Digestive function, bilirubin excretion	2-30 ×10−6	3-30 ×10−6
Bilirubin	Hemoglobin metabolite	2-14 ×10−6	1-10 ×10−6
Biotin (Vitamin H)	Gluconeogenesis, metabolize leucine, fatty acid synthesis	7-17 ×10−9	9-16 ×10−9
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)			8-23 ×10−5
Bradykinin			7 ×10−11
Bromide			7-10 ×10−9
Cadmium	normal	1-5 ×10−9
	toxic	0.1-3 ×10−6
Calciferol (vitamin D2)	Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels		1.7-4.1 ×10−8
Calcitonin (CT)	Hormone		<1.0 ×10−10
Calcium	Bones, Ca2+
	ionized	4.48-4.92 ×10−5	4.25-5.25 ×10−5
	total		8.4-11.5 ×10−5
Carbon dioxide	Respiratory gas
	arterial	8.8-10.8 ×10−4	3.0-7.9 ×10−5
	venous	9.8-11.8 ×10−4	3.3-8.3 ×10−5
Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO)	nonsmokers	0.5-1.5% total Hb
	smokers, 1-2 packs/day	4-5% total Hb
	smokers, 2 packs/day	8-9% total Hb
	toxic	>20% total Hb
	lethal	>50% total Hb
Carcinoembryonic antigen			<2.5 ×10−9
beta-Carotene	Vitamin A dimer		3-25 ×10−7
Carotenoids	Antioxidant	2.4-23.1 ×10−7
Cephalin		3-11.5 ×10−4	0-1 ×10−4
Ceruloplasmin			1.5-6 ×10−4
Chloride, as NaCl		4.5-5 ×10−3	3.5-3.8 ×10−3
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)	1, 25-dihydroxy		2.5-4.5 ×10−11
	24,25-dihydroxy		1.5 ×10−9
	25-hydroxy		1.4-8 ×10−8
Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin)	Stimulates fat and protein digestion		6.04 ×10−11
Cholesterol	Steroid lipid
	LDLC		0.5-2.0 ×10−3
	HDLC		2.9-9.0 ×10−4
	total	1.15-2.25 ×10−3	1.2-2 ×10−3
Choline, total		1.1-3.1 ×10−4	3.6-3.5 ×10−4
Chorionic gonadotropin	Progesterone secretion during pregnancy
	Menstrual		0-3 ×10−11
	Pregnancy, 1st trimester		5-3300 ×10−10
	Pregnancy, 2nd trimester		20-1000 ×10−10
	Pregnancy, 3rd trimester		20-50 ×10−10
	Menopausal		3-30 ×10−11
Citric acid		1.3-2.5 ×10−5	1.6-3.2 ×10−5
Citrulline			2-10 ×10−6
Coagulation Factors	Fibrinogen	1.2-1.6 ×10−3	2-4 ×10−3
	Prothrombin		1 ×10−4
	Tissue thromboplastin		1 ×10−6
	Proaccelerin		5-12 ×10−6
	Proconvertin		1 ×10−6
	Antihemophilic factor		1 ×10−7
	Christmas factor		4 ×10−6
	Stuart factor		5 ×10−6
	Plasma thrmb. anteced.		4 ×10−6
	Hageman factor		2.9 ×10−5
	Fibrin-stabilizing factor		1 ×10−5
	Fibrin split products		<1 ×10−5
	Fletcher factor		5 ×10−5
	Fitzgerald factor		7 ×10−5
	von Willebrand factor		7 ×10−6
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)	Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA	6-14 ×10−10	1-10 ×10−10
Cocarboxylase			7-9 ×10−8
Complement system	C1q		5.8-7.2 ×10−5
	C1r		2.5-3.8 ×10−5
	C1s (C1 esterase)		2.5-3.8 ×10−5
	C2		2.2-3.4 ×10−5
	C3( b1C-globulin)		8-15.5 ×10−4
	factor B (C3 proactivator)		2-4.5 ×10−4
	C4 (b1E-globulin)		1.3-3.7 ×10−4
	C4 binding protein		1.8-3.2 ×10−4
	C5 (b1F-globulin)		5.1-7.7 ×10−5
	C6		4.8-6.4 ×10−5
	C7		4.9-7 ×10−5
	C8		4.3-6.3 ×10−5
	C9		4.7-6.9 ×10−5
	Properdin		2.4-3.2 ×10−5
Compound S			1-3 ×10−9
Copper		9-15 ×10−7
	male		7-14 ×10−7
	female		8-15.5 ×10−7
Corticosteroids	Steroid hormones		1-4 ×10−6
Corticosterone			4-20 ×10−9
Cortisol	Inhibits CRH secretion		3-23 ×10−8
	8 AM		6-23 ×10−8
	4 PM		3-15 ×10−8
	10 PM		~50% of 8 AM value
C-peptide	fasting		0.5-2.0 ×10−9
	maximum		4 ×10−9
C-reactive protein	Plasma protein		6.8-820 ×10−8
Creatine	Assists muscle cell energy supply
	male		1.7-5.0 ×10−6
	female		3.5-9.3 ×10−6
Creatinine	male		0.8-1.5 ×10−5
	female		0.7-1.2 ×10−5
Cyanide	nonsmokers		4 ×10−9
	smokers		6 ×10−9
	nitroprusside therapy		10-60 ×10−9
	toxic		>100 ×10−9
	lethal		>1000 ×10−9
Cysteine	Amino acid	6-12 ×10−6	1.8-5 ×10−5
Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)	Steroid hormone
	aged 1–4 yrs		0.2-0.4 ×10−9
	aged 4–8 yrs		0.1-1.9 ×10−9
	aged 8–10 yrs		0.2-2.9 ×10−9
	aged 10–12 yrs		0.5-9.2 ×10−9
	aged 12–14 yrs		0.9-20 ×10−9
	aged 14–16 yrs		2.5-20 ×10−9
	male		0.8-10 ×10−9
	female, premenopausal		2.0-15 ×10−9
DHEA sulfate	male		1.99-3.34 ×10−6
	female
	newborn		1.67-3.64 ×10−6
	pre-pubertal children		1.0-6.0 ×10−7
	premenopausal		8.2-33.8 ×10−7
	pregnancy		2.3-11.7 ×10−7
	postmenopausal		1.1-6.1 ×10−7
11-Deoxycortisol			1-7 ×10−8
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)	male		3-8 ×10−9
	female		1-10 ×10−10
Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate)		8-16 ×10−5
DNA	The molecule of heredity		0-1.6 ×10−5
Dopamine	Neurotransmitter		<1.36 ×10−10
Enzymes, total			<6 ×10−5
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)			<1 ×10−11
Epinephrine	Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
	after 15 min rest		3.1-9.5 ×10−11
	when emitted	3.8 ×10−9	2-2.5 ×10−9
Ergothioneine		1-20 ×10−5
Erythrocytes (#/cm3)	adult male, avg. (range)	5.2 (4.6-6.2) ×109
	adult female, avg. (range)	4.6 (4.2-5.4) ×109
	children, varies with age	4.5-5.1 ×109
	reticulocytes	25-75 ×106
Erythropoietin	adult, normal		0.5-2.5 ×10−10
	pregnant		2.7-6.2 ×10−10
	hypoxia or anemia		0.8-8.0 ×10−8
Estradiol (E2)	male		8-36 ×10−12
	female, follicular(days 1-10)		1-9 ×10−11
	female, mean		5 ×10−11
	female, pre-fertile (days 10-12)		10-15 ×10−11
	female, fertile (days 12-14)		35-60 ×10−11
	female, luteal (days 15-28)		20-40 ×10−11
	female, pregnancy		3-70 ×10−7
	female, postmenopausal		1-3 ×10−11
Estriol (E3)	nonpregnant		<2 ×10−9
	pregnancy, weeks 22-30		3-5 ×10−9
	pregnancy, weeks 32-37		6-11 ×10−9
	pregnancy, weeks 38-41		25-170 ×10−9
Estrogen	male		4-11.5 ×10−11
	female, prepubertal		<4 ×10−11
	female, 1–10 days		6.1-39.4 ×10−11
	female, 11–20 days		12.2-43.7 ×10−11
	female, 21–30 days		15.6-35 ×10−11
	female, postmenopausal		<4 ×10−11
Estrone (E1)	male		2.9-17 ×10−11
	female, follicular		2-15 ×10−11
	female, 1–10 days of cycle		4.3-18 ×10−11
	female, 11–20 days of cycle		7.5-19.6 ×10−11
	female, 20–29 days of cycle		13.1-20.1 ×10−11
	pregnancy, weeks 22-30		3-5 ×10−9
	pregnancy, weeks 32-37		5-6 ×10−9
	pregnancy, weeks 38-41		7-10 ×10−9
Ethanol	social high		0.5 ×10−3
	reduced coordination		0.8 ×10−3
	depression of CNS		>1 ×10−3
	confusion, falling down		2.0 ×10−3
	loss of consciousness		3.0 ×10−3
	coma, death		>4 ×10−3
Fatty acids	nonesterified (free)		8-25 ×10−5
	esterified	2.5-3.9 ×10−3	7-20 ×10−5
	total		1.9-4.5 ×10−3
Ferritin	male		1.5-30 ×10−8
	female		0.9-18 ×10−8
alpha-1-Fetoprotein			0-2 ×10−8
Flavin adenine dinucleotide			8-12 ×10−8
Fluoride		1-4.5 ×10−7	1-4.5 ×10−7
Folate			2.2-17.3 ×10−9
	in erythrocyte		1.67-7.07 ×10−7
Folic acid		2.3-5.2 ×10−8	1.6-2 ×10−8
Fructose		0-5 ×10−5	7-8 ×10−5
Furosemide glucuronide			1-400 ×10−6
Galactose	children		<2 ×10−4
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)			<1.25-4.0 ×10−10
Gastrin	mean		7 ×10−11
	maximum		<20 ×10−11
Globulin			total 2.2-4 ×10−2
	alpha-1-Globulin		1-4 ×10−3
	alpha-2-Globulin		4-10 ×10−3
	beta globulin		5-12 ×10−3
	gamma globulin		6-17 ×10−3
Glucagon	range		5-15 ×10−11
	mean		7.1-7.9 ×10−11
Glucosamine	fetus	4-6 ×10−4	4.2-5.5 ×10−4
	child	5-7 ×10−4	5.2-6.9 ×10−4
	adult	6-8 ×10−4	6.1-8.2 ×10−4
	aged	7-9 ×10−4	7.0-8.9 ×10−4
Glucose	newborn	2-3 ×10−4
	adult	6.5-9.5 ×10−4	7-10.5 ×10−4
	diabetic	14-120 ×10−4
Glucuronic acid		4.1-9.3 ×10−5	8-11 ×10−6
Glutamic acid			2-28 ×10−6
Glutamine			4.6-10.6 ×10−5
Glutathione	reduced	2.5-4.1 ×10−4	0
Glycerol	free		2.9-17.2 ×10−6[2]
Glycine		1.7-2.3 ×10−5	8-54 ×10−6
Glycogen		1.2-16.2 ×10−5	0
Glycoprotein, acid			4-15 ×10−4
cGMP			0.6-4.4 ×10−9
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone			1-80 ×10−12
Guanidine		1.8-2.3 ×10−6
Haptoglobin			3-22 ×10−4
Hemoglobin		1.2-1.75 ×10−1	1-4 ×10−5
	newborn	1.65-1.95 ×10−1
	children, varies with age	1.12-1.65 ×10−1
	adult, male	1.4-1.8 ×10−1
	adult, female	1.2-1.6 ×10−1
	inside erythrocyte	~3.3 ×10−1
	per red blood cell	27-32 picograms
Hexosephosphate P		1.4-5 ×10−5	0-2 ×10−6
Histamine		6.7-8.6 ×10−8
Histidine		9-17 ×10−6	1.1-3.8 ×10−5
Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4)		4 ×10−11
beta-Hydroxybutyric acid		1-6 ×10−6	1-9 ×10−6
17α-Hydroxycorticosteroids		4-10 ×10−8
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone	male		20-250 ×10−11
	female, follicular		20-80 ×10−11
	female, luteal		80-300 ×10−11
	female, postmenopausal		4-50 ×10−11
	female, child		20-140 ×10−11
Antibodies	Immunoglobulin A (IgA)		5-39 ×10−4
	Immunoglobulin D (IgD)		0.5-8.0 ×10−5
	Immunoglobulin G (IgG)		5.0-19 ×10−3
	Immunoglobulin M (IgM)		3.0-30 ×10−4
	Immunoglobulin E (IgE)		<5 ×10−7
Indican			8-50 ×10−7
Inositol			3-7 ×10−6
Insulin			2.0-8.4 ×10−10
Insulin-like growth factor			9.9-50 ×10−8
Iodine	total	2.4-3.2 ×10−8	4.5-14.5 ×10−8
Iron	adult	4-6 ×10−4	6-18 ×10−7
Isoleucine		9-15 ×10−6	1.2-4.2 ×10−5
Ketone bodies		2.3-10 ×10−6	1.5-30 ×10−6
alpha-Ketonic acids	adult	1-30 ×10−6
L-Lactate	arterial	<11.3 ×10−5	4.5-14.4 ×10−5
	venous	8.1-15.3 ×10−5	4.5-19.8 ×10−5
Lead	normal	1-5 ×10−7	1-7.8 ×10−8
	toxic	>6-10 ×10−7
Lecithin		1.1-1.2 ×10−3	1-2.25 ×10−3
Leptin		1.2 ×10−8
Leucine		1.4-2 ×10−5	1.2-5.2 ×10−5
Leukocytes (#/cm3) Total:	total, birth	9.0-30.0 ×106
	total, pediatric	4.5-15.5 ×106
	total, adult, range	4.3-11.0 ×106
	total, adult, median	7.0 ×106
	Neutrophil granulocytes, birth	6.0-26.0 ×106
	Neutrophils, pediatric	1.5-8.5 ×106
	Neutrophils, adult, range	1.83-7.25 ×106
	Neutrophils, adult, median	3.65 ×106
	Eosinophil granulocytes birth	0.4 ×106
	Eosinophils, pediatric	0.2-0.3 ×106
	Eosinophils, adult, range	0.05-0.7 ×106
	Eosinophils, adult, median	0.15 ×106
	Basophil granulocytes, adult, range	0.015-0.15 ×106
	Basophils, adult, median	0.03 ×106
	Lymphocytes, birth	2-11 ×106
	Lymphocyte, pediatric	1.5-8.0 ×106
	Lymphocyte, adult, range	1.5-4.0 ×106
	Lymphocyte, adult, median	2.5 ×106
	Monocytes, birth, range	0.4-3.1 ×106
	Monocytes, birth, median	1.05 ×106
	Monocytes, pediatric	0.4 ×106
	Monocytes, adult, range	0.21-1.05 ×106
	Monocytes, adult, median	0.43 ×106
	Phagocytes, birth, range	6-26 ×106
	Phagocytes, birth, median	11 ×106
	Phagocytes, pediatric, range	1.5-8.5 ×106
	Phagocytes, pediatric, median	4.1 ×106
	Phagocytes, adult, range	3.5-9.2 ×106
	Phagocytes, CD4 cell count	0.5-1.5 ×106
Lipase P		1.2-1.4 ×10−4
Lipids	total	4.45-6.1 ×10−3	4-8.5 ×10−3
Lipoprotein (Sr 12-20)			1-10 ×10−4
Lithium		1.5-2.5 ×10−8
Lysine		1.3-3 ×10−5	2-5.8 ×10−5
Lysozyme (muramidase)			1-15 ×10−6
alpha 2-macroglobulin	pediatric		2-7 ×10−3
	male, adult		0.9-4.0 ×10−3
	female, adult		1.2-5.4 ×10−3
Magnesium		3.2-5.5 ×10−5	1.8-3.6 ×10−5
Malic acid		4.6 ×10−6	1-9 ×10−6
Manganese		0-2.5 ×10−7	0-1.9 ×10−7
Melatonin	Day		1.35-1.45 ×10−11
	Night		6.07-7.13 ×10−11
Mercury	normal	<1 ×10−8
	chronic	>20 ×10−8
Methemoglobin		4-6 ×10−4
Methionine		4-6 ×10−6	1-15 ×10−6
Methyl guanidine		2-3 ×10−6
beta-2-microglobulin			8-24 ×10−7
MIP-1a			2.3 ×10−11
MIP-1b			9 ×10−11
Mucopolysaccharides			1.75-2.25 ×10−3
Mucoproteins			8.65-9.6 ×10−4
Nerve growth factor (NGF)			6-10 ×10−9
Niacin		5-8 ×10−6	2-15 ×10−7
Nitrogen	respiratory gas	8.2 ×10−6	9.7 ×10−6
	total, nonrespiratory	3-3.7 ×10−2
Norepinephrine	Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system
	after 15 min rest		2.15-4.75 ×10−10
	when emitted	8.1 ×10−9	8.5 ×10−9
Nucleotide	total	3.1-5.2 ×10−4
Ornithine			4-14 ×10−6
Oxalate			1-2.4 ×10−6
Oxygen (respiratory gas)	arterial	2.4-3.2 ×10−4	3.9 ×10−6
	venous	1.6-2.3 ×10−4	1.6 ×10−6
Oxytocin	male		2 ×10−12
	female, nonlactating		2 ×10−12
	female, pregnant 33-40 wks		32-48 ×10−12
Pancreatic polypeptide			5-20 ×10−11
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5)		1.5-4.5 ×10−7	6-35 ×10−8
Para-aminobenzoic acid		3-4 ×10−8
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)			2-4 ×10−10
Pentose	phosphorated		2-2.3 ×10−5
Phenol	free	7-10 ×10−7
Phenylalanine		8-12 ×10−6	1.1-4 ×10−5
Phospholipid		2.25-2.85 ×10−3	5-12 ×10−5
Phosphatase	acid, prostatic		<3 ×10−9
Phosphorus	inorganic, adult	2-3.9 ×10−5	2.3-4.5 ×10−5
	inorganic, children		4.0-7.0 ×10−5
	total	3.5-4.3 ×10−4	1-1.5 ×10−4
Phytanic acid			<3 ×10−6
Platelets (#/cm3):	range	1.4-4.4 ×108
	median	2.5 ×108
Platelet-derived growth factor			5.0 ×10−8
Polysaccharides	total		7.3-13.1 ×10−4
Potassium		1.6-2.4 ×10−3	1.4-2.2 ×10−4
Pregnenolone			3-20 ×10−10
Progesterone (female)	female, follicular		0.4-0.9 ×10−9
	female, midluteal		7.7-12.1 ×10−9
	pregnancy, weeks 16-18		30-66 ×10−9
	pregnancy, weeks 28-30		70-126 ×10−9
	pregnancy, weeks 38-40		131-227 ×10−9
	male		12-20 ×10−11
Proinsulin	fasting		0.5-5 ×10−10
	mean		1.42-1.70 ×10−10
Prolactin (male) <20 ×10−9	while awake		1-7 ×10−9
	during sleep		9-20 ×10−9
Prolactin (female)	follicular		<23 ×10−9
	luteal		5-40 ×10−9
Proline			1.2-5.7 ×10−5
Prostaglandins	PGE		3.55-4.15 ×10−10
	PGF		1.26-1.56 ×10−10
	15-keto-PGF2a		5 ×10−10
	15-keto-PGE2		<5 ×10−11
Protein	total	1.9-2.1 ×10−1	6.0-8.3 ×10−2
Protoporphyrin		2.7-6.1 ×10−7
Prostate specific antigen		0-5 ×10−9
Pseudoglobulin I			8-19 ×10−3
Pseudoglobulin II			2-8 ×10−3
Purine	total	9.5-11.5 ×10−5
Pyrimidine nucleotides		2.6-4.6 ×10−5	2-12 ×10−7
Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)			3.6-90 ×10−9
Pyruvic acid		3-10 ×10−6	3-12 ×10−6
RANTES			7 ×10−11
Relaxin	day <100 preparturition		<2 ×10−9
	day 100 to 2 days preceding		5-40 ×10−9
	day preceding parturition		100-200 ×10−9
	day following parturition		<2 ×10−9
Retinol (Vitamin A)			1-8 ×10−7
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)		1.5-6 ×10−7	2.6-3.7 ×10−8
RNA		5-8 ×10−4	4-6 ×10−5
Secretin			2.9-4.5 ×10−11
Serine			3-20 ×10−6
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine)		1.55-1.81 ×10−7	0.8-2.1 ×10−7
Silicon		1.4-2.95 ×10−6	2.2-5.7 ×10−6
Sodium			3.1-3.4 ×10−3
Solids, total		2-2.5 ×10−1	8-9 ×10−2
Somatotropin	growth hormone		4-140 ×10−10
Sphingomyelin		1.5-1.85 ×10−3	1-4 ×10−4
Succinic acid			5 ×10−6
Sugar, total		7-11 ×10−4
Sulfates	inorganic		8-12 ×10−6
Sulfur	total	3.8-5 ×10−2	3.1-3.8 ×10−2
Taurine			3-21 ×10−6
Testosterone (male)	free		5.6-10.2 ×10−11
	total		275-875 ×10−11
Testosterone (female)	free		0.24-0.38 ×10−11
	total		23-75 ×10−11
	pregnant		38-190 ×10−11
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)		3-10 ×10−8	1-9 ×10−8
Thiocyanate		5-14 ×10−6
	nonsmoker		1-4 ×10−6
	smoker		3-12 ×10−6
Threonine		1.3-2 ×10−5	0.9-3.2 ×10−5
Thyroglobulin (Tg)			<5 ×10−8
Thyroid hormones			4-8 ×10−8
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone			5-60 ×10−12
Thyroxine (FT4)	free		8-24 ×10−12
	total		4-12 ×10−8
Thyroxine-binding prealbumin			2.8-3.5 ×10−4
Thyroxine-binding globulin			1.0-3.4 ×10−7
Tin		0-4 ×10−7	0-1 ×10−7
alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E)			5-20 ×10−6
Transcortin	male		1.5-2 ×10−5
	female		1.6-2.5 ×10−5
Transferrin	newborn		1.3-2.75 ×10−3
	adult		2.2-4 ×10−3
	age >60 yrs		1.8-3.8 ×10−3
Triglycerides		8.5-23.5 ×10−4	2.5-30 ×10−4
Triiodothyronine	free		2.3-6.6 ×10−12
	total (T3)		0.75-2.50 ×10−9
Tryptophan		5-10 ×10−6	9-30 ×10−6
Tyrosine		8-14 ×10−6	4-25 ×10−6
Urea		2-4 ×10−4	1.5-4.7 ×10−4[1]
Uric acid	child		2.0-6.7 ×10−5[3]
	adult, male		3.4-7.2 ×10−5[1]
	adult, female		2.4-6.1 ×10−5[1]
Valine		2-2.9 ×10−5	1.7-4.2 ×10−5
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)			6-16 ×10−12
Vasopressin	hydrated		4.5 ×10−13
	dehydrated		3.7 ×10−12
Zinc		5-13 ×10−6	7-15 ×10−7

See also

• Reference ranges for common blood tests