Madurese language

Madurese
Madurese
Bhâsa Madhurâ; بۤاسا مادورۤا‎; ꦧꦱꦩꦝꦸꦫ
Native to	Indonesia
Region	Madura Islands (incl. Sapudi, Masalembu), Java, Singapore, and Malaysia
Ethnicity	Madurese; Baweanese; Kangeanese;
Native speakers	10–13.6 million (2008)
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Malayo-Sumbawan (?) Madurese; ; ;
Standard forms	Sumenep Madurese
Dialects	Bawean; Bangkalan; Banyuwangi; Giliraja–Raas; Pamekasan; Pasuruan; Sampang; Sapudi; Situbondo; Sumenep
Writing system	Latin script; Carakan script; Pèghu alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-2	mad
ISO 639-3	; mad – Standard Madurese
Glottolog	nucl1460
	Areas where Madurese is spoken by a majority of the population Areas where Madurese is spoken by a significant minority of the population
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Madurese is a language of the Madurese people, native to the Madura Island and eastern part of Java, Indonesia; it is also spoken by migrants to other parts of Indonesia, namely the Surabaya, Malang, Gresik, eastern salient of Java (comprising Pasuruan, Bondowoso, Probolinggo, Situbondo, Jember, Lumajang, to Banyuwangi), the Masalembu Islands, Raas Islands, and even some on Kalimantan.^[3] It was traditionally written in the Javanese script, but the Latin script and the Pegon script (based on Arabic script) is now more commonly used. The number of speakers, though shrinking, is estimated to be 10–14 million, making it one of the most widely spoken languages in the country. Bawean language, which is a dialect of Madurese, is also spoken by Bawean people in Bawean Island, Indonesia. Then also by their descendants in Malaysia and Singapore.

Quick facts Native to, Region ...

According to K. Alexander Adelaar, Madurese is a Malayo-Sumbawan language of the Malayo-Polynesian language family, a branch of the larger Austronesian language family. Thus, despite apparent geographic spread, Madurese is more related to Balinese, Malay, Sasak, and Sundanese, than it is to Javanese, the language used on the island of Java just across Madura Island.

Links between Bali–Sasak languages and Madurese are more evident with the vernacular form (common form).^{[citation needed]}

		Labial	Dental/ Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		/m/ ꦩ ⟨m⟩ ⟨م⟩	/n̪/ ꦤ ⟨n⟩ ⟨ن⟩	/ɳ/ ꦟ ⟨ṇ⟩ ⟨ن⟩	/ɲ/ ꦚ ⟨ny⟩ ⟨ۑ⟩	/ŋ/ ꦔ ⟨ng⟩ ⟨ڠ⟩
Plosive	voiceless	/p/ ꦥ ⟨p⟩ ⟨ڤ⟩	/t̪/ ꦠ ⟨t⟩ ⟨ت⟩	/ʈ/ ꦛ ⟨ṭ⟩ ⟨ڟ⟩	/c/ ꦕ ⟨c⟩ ⟨چ⟩	/k/ ꦏ ⟨k⟩ ⟨ك⟩	/ʔ/ ꦃ ⟨'⟩ ⟨ء⟩
	voiced	/b/ ꦧ ⟨b⟩ ⟨ب⟩	/d̪/ ꦢ ⟨d⟩ ⟨د⟩	/ɖ/ ꦣ ⟨ḍ⟩ ⟨ڊ⟩	/ɟ/ ꦗ ⟨j⟩ ⟨ج⟩	/ɡ/ ꦒ ⟨g⟩ ⟨ࢴ⟩
	aspirated	/pʰ/ ꦧ ⟨bh⟩ ⟨ب⟩	/t̪ʰ/ ꦢ ⟨dh⟩ ⟨د⟩	/ʈʰ/ ꦣ ⟨ḍh⟩ ⟨ڊ⟩	/cʰ/ ꦗ ⟨jh⟩ ⟨ج⟩	/kʰ/ ꦒ ⟨gh⟩ ⟨ࢴ⟩
Fricative			/s/ ꦱ ⟨s⟩ ⟨س⟩				/h/ ꦲ ⟨h⟩ ⟨ه⟩
Trill			/r/ ꦫ ⟨r⟩ ⟨ر⟩
Approximant			/l/ ꦭ ⟨l⟩ ⟨ل⟩		/j/ ꦪ ⟨y⟩ ⟨ي⟩	/w/ ꦮ ⟨w⟩ ⟨و⟩

Phonology