Membrane steroid receptor

Membrane steroid receptors (mSRs), also called extranuclear steroid receptors, are a class of cell surface receptors activated by endogenous steroids that mediate rapid, non-genomic signaling via modulation of intracellular signaling cascades.^[1][2][3][4] mSRs are another means besides classical nuclear steroid hormone receptors (SHRs) for steroids to mediate their biological effects.^[1][2][3][4] SHRs can produce slow genomic responses or rapid, non-genomic responses in the case of mSRs.^[5]

List of membrane steroid receptors

Known groups of mSRs, by ligand, include:^[a]

• Membrane sex steroid receptors
  • Membrane androgen receptors (mARs) – GPRC6A, OXER1, ZIP9; TRPM8;^[6] Cav1.2,^[6] GPR133^[7]
  • Membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) – GPER, ER-X, ERx, G_q-mER; Nav1.2;^[6] palmitoylated nuclear receptors^[6]
  • Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) – PAQRs (mPRα, mPRβ, mPRγ, mPRδ, mPRϵ); PGRMC1, PGRMC2;^[6]
• Membrane corticosteroid receptors
  • Membrane glucocorticoid receptors (mGRs) – caveolin-associated nuclear receptors; possible unidentified receptors^[6]
  • Membrane mineralocorticoid receptors (mMRs) – caveolin-associated NRs; diverse putative receptors^[6]

In addition, PDIA3 is a membrane receptor for the secosteroid calcitriol, the activated form of Vitamin D.^[8]