NOS1

Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal), also known as NOS1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS1 gene.^[5][6]

NOS1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4D1N, 4UCH, 4UH5, 4UH6, 4V3U, 5ADF, 5ADG, 5ADI, 5FVX, 5FVW, 5FVU, 5FVV
Identifiers
Aliases	NOS1, IHPS1, N-NOS, NC-NOS, NOS, bNOS, nNOS, nitric oxide synthase 1
External IDs	OMIM: 163731; MGI: 97360; HomoloGene: 37327; GeneCards: NOS1; OMA:NOS1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 12 (human)[1] Band 12q24.22 Start 117,208,142 bp[1] End 117,452,170 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5 F|5 57.29 cM Start 117,919,097 bp[2] End 118,096,905 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in body of tongue biceps brachii Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis muscle of thigh Pons gastrocnemius muscle spinal ganglia buccal mucosa cell vastus lateralis muscle Top expressed in anterior amygdaloid area pontine nuclei subiculum digastric muscle temporal muscle mammillary body dorsal tegmental nucleus ventromedial nucleus lateral hypothalamus sternocleidomastoid muscle More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function transmembrane transporter binding tetrahydrobiopterin binding NADP binding cadmium ion binding FMN binding metal ion binding heme binding oxidoreductase activity scaffold protein binding calmodulin binding protein binding sodium channel regulator activity flavin adenine dinucleotide binding arginine binding nitric-oxide synthase activity NADPH-hemoprotein reductase activity Cellular component membrane photoreceptor inner segment T-tubule synapse ryanodine receptor complex mitochondrion perinuclear region of cytoplasm caveola cytoskeleton cell projection dendritic spine Z discdkac sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane membrane raft sarcoplasmic reticulum sarcolemma cytosol cytoplasm nucleoplasm plasma membrane protein-containing complex calyx of Held nucleus vesicle membrane postsynaptic density Biological process multicellular organismal response to stress positive regulation of guanylate cyclase activity regulation of sodium ion transport positive regulation of the force of heart contraction negative regulation of hydrolase activity striated muscle contraction regulation of neurogenesis negative regulation of serotonin uptake positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation cell redox homeostasis arginine catabolic process negative regulation of potassium ion transport nitric oxide mediated signal transduction negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol myoblast fusion regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel regulation of ryanodine-sensitive calcium-release channel activity regulation of cardiac conduction nitric oxide biosynthetic process positive regulation of sodium ion transmembrane transport cellular response to growth factor stimulus neurotransmitter biosynthetic process positive regulation of histone acetylation negative regulation of calcium ion transport regulation of cardiac muscle contraction positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II response to hypoxia response to heat negative regulation of blood pressure retrograde trans-synaptic signaling by nitric oxide vasodilation positive regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway involved in heart process synaptic signaling by nitric oxide response to hormone response to lipopolysaccharide positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4842 18125 Ensembl ENSG00000089250 ENSMUSG00000029361 UniProt P29475 Q9Z0J4 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000620 NM_001204213 NM_001204214 NM_001204218 NM_008712 RefSeq (protein) NP_000611 NP_001191142 NP_001191143 NP_001191147 NP_032738 Location (UCSC) Chr 12: 117.21 – 117.45 Mb Chr 5: 117.92 – 118.1 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

Nitric oxide synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) (NOSs) are a family of synthases that catalyze the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is a chemical messenger with diverse functions throughout the body depending on its enzymatic source and tissue localization. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, where NOS1 is largely present, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter and may be involved in long term potentiation. It is implicated in neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis and sphincter relaxation, and penile erection. NO is also responsible for endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity regulating blood pressure as produced from its related enzyme NOS3. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions, as produced from its related enzyme NOS2. Various pharmacological inhibitors of NO synthases (NOS) block these effects, but further distinction of their function has been elucidated by animal models in which these specific genes have been inactivated. Neuronal NOS (NOS1), Endothelial NOS (NOS3), and Inducible NOS macrophage NOS are distinct isoforms.^[7] Both the neuronal and the macrophage forms are unusual among oxidative enzymes in requiring several electron donors: flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), NADPH, and tetrahydrobiopterin.^[8]

Clinical significance

It has been implicated in asthma,^[9][10] schizophrenia,^[11][12] restless leg syndrome,^[13] and psychostimulant neurotoxicity. It has also been investigated with respect to bipolar disorder^[14] and air pollution exposure.^[15]

Interactions

NOS1 has been shown to interact with DLG4^[16][17] and NOS1AP.^[16]

See also

• Nitric oxide synthase