Olivetti computers

Manufactured by Olivetti S. p. A. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Olivetti company, an Italian manufacturer of computers, tablets, smartphones, printers and other such business products as calculators and fax machines, was founded as a typewriter manufacturer by Camillo Olivetti in 1908 in the Turin commune of Ivrea, Italy. Olivetti was a pioneer in computer development, starting with the mainframe systems in the 1950s, and continuing into the 1990s with PC-compatible laptops and desktops.

History

Summarize
Perspective

1950–1960s

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Central control unit of the mainframe Olivetti Elea 9003 (1957)

Between 1955 and 1964 Olivetti developed some of the first transistorized mainframe computer systems, such as the Elea 9003. Although 40 large commercial 9003 and over 100 smaller 6001 scientific machines were completed and leased to customers to 1964, low sales, loss of two key managers and financial instability caused Olivetti to withdraw from the field in 1964.

In 1965, Olivetti released the Programma 101, considered one of the first commercial desktop programmable calculators. It was saved from the sale of the computer division to GE thanks to an employee, Gastone Garziera, who spent successive nights changing the internal categorization of the product from "computer" to "calculator", so leaving the small team in Olivetti and creating some awkward situations in the office, since that space was now owned by GE.[1]

1970s

In 1974, the firm released the TC800, an intelligent terminal designed to be attached to a mainframe and used in the finance sector. It was followed in 1977 by the TC1800.

1980s

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Olivetti M20

Olivetti's first modern personal computer, the M20, featuring a Zilog Z8000 CPU, was released in 1982.[2]

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Olivetti M28

The M20 was followed in 1983 by the M24,[3] a clone of the IBM PC using DOS and the Intel 8086 processor (at 8 MHz) instead of the Intel 8088 used by IBM (at 4.77 MHz). The M24 was sold in North America as the AT&T 6300. Olivetti also manufactured the AT&T 6300 Plus, which could run both DOS and Unix.[4] The M24 was also sold as Xerox 6060 in the US, and as LogAbax PERSONA 1600 in France. The Olivetti M28 was the firm's first PC to have the Intel 80286 processor. It was sold in France as the LogAbax Persona 1800.[5][6]

The same year Olivetti produced its M10 laptop computer,[7] a 8085-based workalike of the successful Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100, which it marketed in Europe.[8] These were the first laptops to sell in million-unit quantities, though the Olivetti M10 [it] itself only attained sales figures in the tens of thousands and went out of production within two years.

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Olivetti Prodest PC128

In 1985, the company acquired a controlling share in the British computer manufacturer Acorn Computers Ltd; a third partner was Thomson SA. Olivetti sold the Thomson MO6 and Acorn BBC Master Compact with brand names Olivetti Prodest PC128 and PC128S[9] respectively.

In 1987, Olivetti introduced the LSX line of computers which was based on the Motorola 68000 series of processors. They could run either Olivetti's proprietary MOS or Olivetti's own Unix variant, X/OS.[10] Intended to replace Olivetti's existing Linea Uno (L1) range of multiuser systems, introduced in 1981, the reported $250 million investment in the LSX line by Olivetti was seen as a necessary measure to update its range, bringing increased performance, offering an upgrade path to existing customers (with a promise that existing L1 systems could be upgraded with a new processor card), and preserving a degree of control over product designs that would not have been possible by merely selling or adapting products from AT&T, at that time a significant shareholder in the company. For the high-end LSX models, Olivetti employed technologies from Edge Computer, an Arizona-based company pursuing higher-performance processor designs offering a degree of compatibility with the Motorola 68000 architecture.[11]

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Olivetti Prodest PC1

In 1988, Olivetti released the M380/C, part of the Pandora project - an experimental system for multimedia applications.[12] They also released the PC1 Prodest and PC1 HD (XT clones, similar to the Schneider Euro PC).[13][14]

In 1989, the Olivetti M290S was released, featuring an Intel 80286 at 12 MHz, 1 MB of RAM and a 30 MB hard drive.[15] That same year, the company presented their 80486-based next generation of workstations, with Olivetti's CP486 (Computing Platform 486) model (with EISA bus) being shown at CeBit.[citation needed] As part of a relaunch of the company's Open Systems Architecture (OSA) strategy in 1991, the CP486 was renamed to the LSX-5010, and an accompanying 33 MHz model was introduced as the LSX-5020, alongside the four-processor LSX-5030 and LSX-5040 systems. The CP486 provided sockets for a Weitek WTL4167 numeric co-processor and an Intel i860 RISC processor.[16]

1990s

In 1990, Olivetti had its own distribution network in New Zealand through Essentially Software Ltd.[17] (owned by Gary McNabb) located at Mt. Eden in Auckland and Wellington, where Olivetti M300-100 16 MHz PCs with 80386SX CPU were sold for NZ$7395 and used as graphical work station for design houses using Corel Draw as graphical program. The New Zealand distribution stopped in 1991 when Olivetti could not supply their PCs.

In 1991, Olivetti introduced the D33, a laptop in a carry case and the PCS 286S, a PC with VGA monitor and keyboard.[18] Olivetti also sold quasi-portable 8086/8088-based PCs with an integrated keyboard and one or two integrated 3.5" floppy disk drives, running DOS 3.27, an Olivetti OEM version of PC DOS 3.20 with minor improvements like the M21 portable (based on M24) and the M15. Also later Olivetti produced interesting laptops like M111, M211, S20, D33, Philos and Echos series. A very interesting subnotebook was the Quaderno, about the same size as an A5 paper – it was the grandfather of the netbooks introduced 20 years later.

Although Olivetti had committed to a range of MIPS-based workstations running Windows NT, introducing the M700 series in 1992 with the M700-10 featuring a MIPS R4000PC processor,[19] the company pursued a partnership with Digital Equipment Corporation in 1992, putting its MIPS-based offerings in doubt as the company announced its intention to eventually focus on only two product lines: one featuring Intel processors and the other Alpha processors.[20] This partnership eventually led to the introduction of the LSX 7000 range of workstations and servers employing Digital's Alpha CPU in 1994.[21] However, just as Olivetti had abandoned its development of products based on the MIPS architecture, discontinuing the M700 produced by its Japanese subsidiary, by 1993, the company had also narrowed its development focus "entirely" to systems based on Intel's Pentium, merely reselling "semi-finished" Digital products based on Alpha.[22]

Olivetti did attempt to recover its position by introducing the Envision in 1995,[23] a full multimedia PC, to be used in the living room; this project was a failure. Gateway also introduced a similar product in the U.S., called the Destination 2000, around the same period, to a similarly mixed commercial reception.[24]:156

The company continued to develop personal computers until it sold its PC business in 1997.

Models

Summarize
Perspective
More information Name, Photo ...
NamePhotoYearTypeCPU Created by Design byNotes
EleaThumb1957MainframeTransistor based Mario Tchou Ettore SottsassElea series (1957–64). Entirely Transistor based.
The Elea 9003 (photo) is the first commercial model
P101 (Programma 101)Thumb1964Programmable calculatorTransistor based Pier Giorgio Perotto Mario Bellini (chassis) In New York's MoMA . Golden Compass Award.[citation needed]
P102Thumb1965Programmable calculatorTransistor based Pier Giorgio Perotto Mario BelliniVersion of Programma 101 with an RS-232 serial connector and ability to connect printer[25]
P203Thumb1967Personal computerTransistor based Pier Giorgio Perotto Mario Bellini[26] P101 with Tekne 3 and Editor 4. For business, printer included
P6021971MicrocomputerIntegrated circuit For technical or scientific usage
P603Thumb1972MicrocomputerIntegrated circuit P602 with Editor 4. For business.
P652Thumb1973Microcomputer Mario Bellini[citation needed] For technical or scientific usage
TC8001974[27]Mainframe Banking terminal
TC18001978[28]Mainframe
P6060Thumb1975[29]Personal computerPUCE1/PUCE2
TTL
Pier Giorgio Perotto Ettore Sottsass and G. Sowden For technical or scientific usage
P6040Thumb1975[29]Personal computerIntel 8080 Pier Giorgio Perotto Mario Bellini First Olivetti computer to use a microprocessor. For technical or scientific usage. Three versions.[30]
P6066Thumb1975Personal computerSimilar to P6060 Pier Giorgio Perotto
Olivetti BCS
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1974–78Mainframe

Business Computer Systems, from 1974–1978[31]

M20Thumb1982Personal computerZilog Z8001 4 MHz Enrico Pesatori, Enzo Torresi and project team[32][33] Ettore Sottsass

Antonio Macchi Cassia

George Sowden

First Olivetti personal computer in 1982. Own operating system: PCOS. Commercial Failure[34]
M10Thumb1983LaptopIntel 80C85 CMOS at 3 MHz Antonio Macchi Cassia

Perry A. King

First laptop.
Present under different brand names: Kiotronic Kc-85, Tandy Trs-80, NEC PC-8201 and Olivetti M10. SMAU Industrial Design prize[35]
M301983MinicomputerZilog Z8001 George SowdenLinea L1. Operating system COSMOS IV (MOS)
M40Thumb1983MinicomputerZilog Z8001 George SowdenLinea L1. Operating system COSMOS IV (MOS)
M441983MinicomputerZilog Z8001 George SowdenLinea L1
M601984MinicomputerZilog Z8001 George Sowden[36]Linea L1. Operating system COSMOS IV (MOS)
M24Thumb1983Personal computer desktopIntel 8086 (16 bit) at 8 MHz – Optional coprocessor 8087 Luigi Mercurio, Sandro Graciotti[32] E. Sottsass IBM PC compatible;

First Olivetti MS-DOS compatible computer

[37]

M21Thumb1983LaptopIntel 8086 (16 bit) at 4 MHz – Optional coprocessor 8087 Portable version of the M24 with an integrated monitor.
M19Thumb1986Personal computerAMD 8088 4.77MHz Economical model
M28

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1986Personal computerIntel 80286 8MHz

[37]

M701986MinicomputerZilog Z8001 Linea L1. Operating system COSMOS IV (MOS)
Prodest PC 128Thumb1986Home ComputerMotorola 6809e 1 MHz Rebranded Thomson MO6, first on the Olivetti Prodest series.[33]
M15Thumb1987LaptopIntel 80C88 4.77MHz Removable keyboard. First laptop.
Prodest PC 128sThumb1987Home ComputerMOS 6512 2 MHz Sold as the BBC Master Compact outside of Italy,[38] second in the Olivetti Prodest series.[33]
Prodest PC1Thumb1988Home ComputerNEC V40 4.77-8 MHz, XT clone Third in the Olivetti Prodest series.[33]
M200Thumb1988Personal computerNEC V40 8 MHz Parallel project to the ETV 2700 typewriter
M2401984Personal computerIntel 8086 8 MHz
M2801986Personal computerIntel 80286 12 MHz
M2901984Personal computerIntel 80286 12 MHz [33]
M380-401991
M380/C1988 proprietary "Pandora" OS[33]
M3801988Personal ComputerIntel 80186 Model 380/C[33]
1988Intel 80386DX 20 MHz Model XP1 and XP5
1989Intel 80386DX 25 MHz Model XP7 (tower)
1990Intel 80386SX 33 MHz Model XP9 (tower) Operating system SCO Xenix
PE281988
M1111989LaptopNEC V30 10 MHz Mario Bellini

Bruce Fifield[citation needed]

Operating system DOS 3.30
M260s 1989 Personal computer Intel 80286

12 MHz (16 bit)

Parallel project to the ETV 4000s typewriter
M290S1989 [33]
P5001989
M386-251990
PCS 386SX1991
PCS 861990Personal computerNEC V30 10 MHz
PCS 2861991Personal computerIntel 80286 12.5 MHz [33]
M2111989LaptopIntel 80286 Operating system Windows 3.0
M2501989Personal computerIntel 80286 8 MHz The 250-E model was clocked at 12 MHz
CP4861989Personal computerIntel 80486DX 25 MHz Tower, EISA, "Computing Platform"
P8001990Personal computerIntel 80486DX 25 MHz Tower. Olivetti MS-DOS 5.00, MS Windows 3.1
LSX1987Personal computerMotorola 68k
LSX 30051987Personal computerMotorola 68k
LSX 30101987Personal computerMotorola 68k
LSX 3015Personal computerMotorola 68k
LSX 3018/BSPersonal computer
LSX 30201987Personal computerMotorola 68k
LSX 5201989Personal computer
LSX-50101991Personal computer
LSX-50151991Personal computer
LSX-5020Personal computer
LSX-5030Personal computer
PC PRO 486/331991
PC PRO 290SP
M400-401992
M6-460 Suprema1994
M290-301988 [39][40]
M4801990Personal computerIntel 80486SX 20 MHz Model M480-10 (EISA)
Intel 80486SX 33 MHz M480-20 (EISA)
Intel 80486DX 33 MHz M480-40/60 (EISA)
M3161991LaptopIntel 80386SX 16 MHz
M3001988Personal computerIntel 80386SX 20 MHz Model M300-02
Model M300-30
Model M300-04
Intel 80386SX 20 MHz Model M300-10
Intel 80486 25/50 MHz Model M300-28
LSX-50301992Personal computerIntel 80486DX 33 MHz Tower, EISA
S201991LaptopIntel 80386SX 16 MHz Triumph-Adler Walkstadtion 386SX
D331991LaptopIntel 80386 33 MHz Triumph-Adler Walkstadtion 386
QuadernoThumb1992NetbookNEC V30HL 16MHz Mario Bellini[41] precursor to the netbooks[42] 1992, 25th SMAU Industrial Design Prize (Italia)

1993, IF Auszeichnung fur gutes Design[citation needed]

PhilosThumb1993Laptop Michele De Lucchi and Hagai Shvadron[43][44] Models: 11, 22, 33, and 44.
EchosThumb1995LaptopIntel Pentium I 75MHz Socket 5 Michele De Lucchi[44] P75 and P100d
EnvisionThumb1995MultimediaIntel Pentium I 75MHz Socket 5 Michele De Lucchi Model P75. Innovative product but a commercial failure. Proprietary multimedia OS[33]
Modulo M4 [it]Thumb1992Personal computerIntel 80486 SX 25 MHz M4-M40
1992Pentium 75 MHz M4-M464
1995 M4-P75
1996Intel Pentium-S 75 MHz M4-P75S
1996Intel Pentium 100 MHz M4-P100
1996Intel Pentium 133 MHz M4-P133
M8500Thumb1999Personal computerIntel Pentium III 500 MHz DT desktop, MT minitower
Close

Peripherals

  • PR40, PR2, PR2-e, PR2+, PR2-10 Scanner Printer which was used in banking sectors
  • PG-series and PGL-series – black and white digital printers
  • d-Color p-series color digital printers
  • A3 and A4 series MFP

See also

References

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