Order-4 apeirogonal tiling

In geometry, the order-4 apeirogonal tiling is a regular tiling of the hyperbolic plane. It is a way of covering the hyperbolic plane—a non-Euclidean surface with constant negative curvature—with a repeating pattern of identical shapes without gaps or overlaps.

Order-4 apeirogonal tiling
Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane
Type	Hyperbolic regular tiling
Vertex configuration	∞⁴
Schläfli symbol	{∞,4} r{∞,∞} t(∞,∞,∞) t_0,1,2,3(∞,∞,∞,∞)
Wythoff symbol	4 \| ∞ 2 2 \| ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ \| ∞
Coxeter diagram
Symmetry group	[∞,4], (∞42) [∞,∞], (∞∞2) [(∞,∞,∞)], (∞∞∞) (∞∞∞∞)
Dual	Infinite-order square tiling
Properties	Vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, face-transitive edge-transitive

This tiling is constructed from apeirogons, which are polygons with an infinite number of sides. In this specific pattern, four of these apeirogons meet at each vertex. It can be seen as the hyperbolic equivalent of the familiar square tiling of the Euclidean plane, where four squares meet at each vertex. Its Schläfli symbol is {∞,4}, with the "4" indicating that four polygons meet at a vertex and the "∞" indicating that the polygon used is an apeirogon.

1 color	2 color	3 and 2 colors		4, 3 and 2 colors
[∞,4], (*∞42)	[∞,∞], (*∞∞2)	[(∞,∞,∞)], (*∞∞∞)		(*∞∞∞∞)
{∞,4}	r{∞,∞} = {∞,4}1⁄2	t_0,2(∞,∞,∞) = r{∞,∞}1⁄2		t_0,1,2,3(∞,∞,∞,∞) = r{∞,∞}1⁄4 = {∞,4}1⁄8
(1111)	(1212)	(1213)	(1112)	(1234)	(1123)	(1122)
	=	= =		= =

*n42 symmetry mutation of regular tilings: {n,4} v t e
Spherical		Euclidean	Hyperbolic tilings

2⁴	3⁴	4⁴	5⁴	6⁴	7⁴	8⁴	...∞⁴

Paracompact uniform tilings in [∞,4] family v t e


{∞,4}	t{∞,4}	r{∞,4}	2t{∞,4}=t{4,∞}	2r{∞,4}={4,∞}	rr{∞,4}	tr{∞,4}
Dual figures


V∞⁴	V4.∞.∞	V(4.∞)²	V8.8.∞	V4^∞	V4³.∞	V4.8.∞
Alternations
[1⁺,∞,4] (*44∞)	[∞⁺,4] (∞*2)	[∞,1⁺,4] (*2∞2∞)	[∞,4⁺] (4*∞)	[∞,4,1⁺] (*∞∞2)	[(∞,4,2⁺)] (2*2∞)	[∞,4]⁺ (∞42)
=				=
h{∞,4}	s{∞,4}	hr{∞,4}	s{4,∞}	h{4,∞}	hrr{∞,4}	s{∞,4}

Alternation duals


V(∞.4)⁴	V3.(3.∞)²	V(4.∞.4)²	V3.∞.(3.4)²	V∞^∞	V∞.4⁴	V3.3.4.3.∞

Paracompact uniform tilings in [∞,∞] family v t e
= =	= =	= =	= =	= =	=	=

{∞,∞}	t{∞,∞}	r{∞,∞}	2t{∞,∞}=t{∞,∞}	2r{∞,∞}={∞,∞}	rr{∞,∞}	tr{∞,∞}
Dual tilings


V∞^∞	V∞.∞.∞	V(∞.∞)²	V∞.∞.∞	V∞^∞	V4.∞.4.∞	V4.4.∞
Alternations
[1⁺,∞,∞] (*∞∞2)	[∞⁺,∞] (∞*∞)	[∞,1⁺,∞] (*∞∞∞∞)	[∞,∞⁺] (∞*∞)	[∞,∞,1⁺] (*∞∞2)	[(∞,∞,2⁺)] (2*∞∞)	[∞,∞]⁺ (2∞∞)


h{∞,∞}	s{∞,∞}	hr{∞,∞}	s{∞,∞}	h₂{∞,∞}	hrr{∞,∞}	sr{∞,∞}
Alternation duals


V(∞.∞)^∞	V(3.∞)³	V(∞.4)⁴	V(3.∞)³	V∞^∞	V(4.∞.4)²	V3.3.∞.3.∞

Paracompact uniform tilings in [(∞,∞,∞)] family v t e



(∞,∞,∞) h{∞,∞}	r(∞,∞,∞) h₂{∞,∞}	(∞,∞,∞) h{∞,∞}	r(∞,∞,∞) h₂{∞,∞}	(∞,∞,∞) h{∞,∞}	r(∞,∞,∞) r{∞,∞}	t(∞,∞,∞) t{∞,∞}
Dual tilings

V∞^∞	V∞.∞.∞.∞	V∞^∞	V∞.∞.∞.∞	V∞^∞	V∞.∞.∞.∞	V∞.∞.∞
Alternations
[(1⁺,∞,∞,∞)] (*∞∞∞∞)	[∞⁺,∞,∞)] (∞*∞)	[∞,1⁺,∞,∞)] (*∞∞∞∞)	[∞,∞⁺,∞)] (∞*∞)	[(∞,∞,∞,1⁺)] (*∞∞∞∞)	[(∞,∞,∞⁺)] (∞*∞)	[∞,∞,∞)]⁺ (∞∞∞)


Alternation duals

V(∞.∞)^∞	V(∞.4)⁴	V(∞.∞)^∞	V(∞.4)⁴	V(∞.∞)^∞	V(∞.4)⁴	V3.∞.3.∞.3.∞

Order-4 apeirogonal tiling

Symmetry

Uniform colorings

Related polyhedra and tiling

See also

References

External links

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