Platinum(IV) chloride

Platinum(IV) chloride is the inorganic compound of platinum and chlorine with the empirical formula PtCl₄. This brown solid features platinum in the +4 oxidation state.

Platinum(IV) chloride

Platinum(IV) chloride
Names
IUPAC name Platinum tetrachloride
Other names Platinum(IV) chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	13454-96-1 Y
3D model (JSmol)	ionic monomer: Interactive image coordination monomer: Interactive image coordination polymer: Interactive image
ChemSpider	19957150
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.300
EC Number	236-645-1
PubChem CID	26031
RTECS number	TP2275500
UNII	W3YUG71TU2 Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID601014389 DTXSID00905309, DTXSID601014389
InChI InChI=1/4ClH.2Pt/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 Key: KBPRWZWTZAMEIF-XBHQNQODAX
SMILES ionic monomer: [Pt+4].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-] coordination monomer: Cl[Pt](Cl)(Cl)Cl coordination polymer: Cl[Pt-]1(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-2]2([Cl+]1)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-2]1([Cl+]2)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-2]2([Cl+]1)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-2]1([Cl+]2)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-2]2([Cl+]1)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-2]1([Cl+]2)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-2]2([Cl+]1)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-2]1([Cl+]2)(Cl)(Cl)[Cl+][Pt-]([Cl+]1)(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
Properties
Chemical formula	PtCl4
Molar mass	336.89 g/mol
Appearance	brown-red powder
Density	4.303 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.43 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)
Melting point	370 °C (698 °F; 643 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	58.7 g/100 mL (anhydrous) very soluble (pentahydrate)
Solubility	anhydrous soluble in acetone slightly soluble in ethanol insoluble in ether pentahydrate soluble in alcohol, ether
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−93.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure
Molecular shape	Square planar
Hazards
GHS labelling:[1]
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H290, H301, H314, H317, H334
Precautionary statements	P234, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P280, P285, P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P310, P321, P330, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P390, P404, P405, P501
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	276 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Related compounds
Other anions	Platinum(IV) bromide Platinum(IV) fluoride Platinum(IV) sulfide
Other cations	Iridium(IV) chloride
Related compounds	Platinum(II) chloride Platinum(VI) fluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Structure

Typical of Pt(IV), the metal centers adopt an octahedral coordination geometry, {PtCl₆}. This geometry is achieved by forming a polymer wherein half of the chloride ligands bridge between the platinum centers. Because of its polymeric structure, PtCl₄ dissolves only upon breaking the chloride bridging ligands. Thus, addition of HCl give H₂PtCl₆. Lewis base adducts of Pt(IV) of the type cis-PtCl₄L₂ are known, but most are prepared by oxidation of the Pt(II) derivatives.^[2]

Part of a (PtCl4)∞ chain from the crystal structure of platinum(IV) chloride

Formation and reactions

PtCl₄ is mainly encountered in the handling of chloroplatinic acid, obtained by dissolving of Pt metal in aqua regia. Heating H₂PtCl₆ to 220 °C gives impure PtCl₄:^[3]

H₂PtCl₆ → PtCl₄ + 2 HCl

A purer product can be produced by heating under chlorine gas at 250 °C.^[4]

If excess acids are removed, PtCl₄ crystallizes from aqueous solutions in large red crystals of pentahydrate PtCl₄·5(H₂O),^[5] which can be dehydrated by heating to about 300 °C in a current of dry chlorine. The pentahydrate is stable and is used as the commercial form of PtCl₄.

Treatment of PtCl₄ with aqueous base gives the [Pt(OH)₆]²⁻ ion. With methyl Grignard reagents followed by partial hydrolysis, PtCl₄ converts to the cuboidal cluster [Pt(CH₃)₃(OH)]₄.^[6] Upon heating PtCl₄ evolves chlorine to give PtCl₂:

PtCl₄ → PtCl₂ + Cl₂

The heavier halides, PtBr₄ and PtI₄, are also known.