STX1A

Syntaxin-1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the STX1A gene.^[5]

STX1A
Identifiers
Aliases	STX1A, HPC-1, P35-1, STX1, SYN1A, syntaxin 1A
External IDs	OMIM: 186590; MGI: 109355; HomoloGene: 37941; GeneCards: STX1A; OMA:STX1A - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7q11.23 Start 73,699,206 bp[1] End 73,719,672 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 5 (mouse)[2] Band 5|5 G2 Start 135,052,336 bp[2] End 135,079,954 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right frontal lobe right hemisphere of cerebellum prefrontal cortex Brodmann area 10 frontal pole dorsolateral prefrontal cortex anterior cingulate cortex Brodmann area 9 pituitary gland islet of Langerhans Top expressed in barrel cortex prefrontal cortex primary motor cortex piriform cortex motor neuron primary visual cortex renal corpuscle superior frontal gyrus perirhinal cortex trigeminal ganglion More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function calcium channel inhibitor activity transmembrane transporter binding protein N-terminus binding SNAP receptor activity kinase binding chloride channel inhibitor activity protein heterodimerization activity SNARE binding protein binding myosin binding protein domain specific binding protein-macromolecule adaptor activity myosin head/neck binding ATP-dependent protein binding calcium-dependent protein binding Cellular component integral component of membrane cytosol membrane synaptic vesicle synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin II complex voltage-gated potassium channel complex plasma membrane synapse synaptic vesicle membrane secretory granule extracellular region synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a-complexin I complex cell junction SNARE complex intracellular organelle neuron projection synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex actomyosin cytoplasmic vesicle presynaptic membrane postsynaptic density presynaptic active zone membrane nuclear membrane integral component of plasma membrane axon protein-containing complex acrosomal vesicle integral component of synaptic vesicle membrane glutamatergic synapse integral component of presynaptic membrane endomembrane system intracellular anatomical structure Biological process exocytosis positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion synaptic vesicle docking secretion by cell regulation of insulin secretion positive regulation of catecholamine secretion positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion positive regulation of calcium ion-dependent exocytosis regulation of exocytosis response to gravity vesicle docking positive regulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential positive regulation of exocytosis intracellular protein transport neurotransmitter transport vesicle-mediated transport calcium-ion regulated exocytosis regulation of synaptic vesicle priming protein localization to membrane modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential synaptic vesicle fusion to presynaptic active zone membrane SNARE complex assembly cytokine-mediated signaling pathway synaptic vesicle exocytosis vesicle fusion neurotransmitter secretion glutamate secretion protein sumoylation insulin secretion regulated exocytosis hormone secretion synaptic vesicle endocytosis membrane fusion Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6804 20907 Ensembl ENSG00000106089 ENSMUSG00000007207 UniProt Q16623 Q75ME0 O35526 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001165903 NM_004603 NM_016801 NM_001359179 RefSeq (protein) NP_001159375 NP_004594 NP_004594.1 NP_058081 NP_001346108 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 73.7 – 73.72 Mb Chr 5: 135.05 – 135.08 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Function

Synaptic vesicles store neurotransmitters that are released during calcium-regulated exocytosis. The specificity of neurotransmitter release requires the localization of both synaptic vesicles and calcium channels to the presynaptic active zone. Syntaxins function in this vesicle fusion process.

Syntaxin-1A is a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Syntaxins are nervous system-specific proteins implicated in the docking of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Syntaxins possess a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, a SNARE [Soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein)-Attachment protein REceptor] domain (known as H3), and an N-terminal regulatory domain (Habc). Syntaxins bind synaptotagmin in a calcium-dependent fashion and interact with voltage dependent calcium and potassium channels via the C-terminal H3 domain. Syntaxin-1A is a key protein in ion channel regulation and synaptic exocytosis.^[6]

Clinical significance

Syntaxins serve as a substrate for botulinum neurotoxin type C, a metalloprotease that blocks exocytosis and has high affinity for a molecular complex that includes the alpha-latrotoxin receptor which produces explosive exocytosis.^[7]

The expression level of STX1A is directly correlated with intelligence in Williams syndrome.^[8]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.^{[§ 1]}

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|alt=Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons edit]]

Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons edit

1. The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "NicotineDopaminergic_WP1602".

Interactions

STX1A has been shown to interact with:

• CPLX1,^[9][10][11]
• CFTR,^[12][13]
• NAPA,^[14][15]
• RNF40,^[16]
• SCNN1G,^[17]
• SLC6A1,^[18][19][20]
• SNAP-25,^{[9][10][14][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]}
• SNAP23,^{[26][28][29][30][31]}
• STXBP1,^{[9][14][22][32][33]}
• STXBP5,^[34][35]
• SYT1^[36][37]
• UNC13B,^[38]
• VAMP2,^{[9][10][14][33][39][40]} and
• VAMP8.^[41]

See also

• Syntaxin