TRIM22

Tripartite motif-containing 22, also known as TRIM22, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TRIM22 gene.^[3][4][5]

TRIM22
Identifiers
Aliases	TRIM22, GPSTAF50, RNF94, STAF50, tripartite motif containing 22
External IDs	OMIM: 606559; HomoloGene: 48399; GeneCards: TRIM22; OMA:TRIM22 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human)[1] Band 11p15.4 Start 5,689,697 bp[1] End 5,737,089 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in monocyte spleen lymph node Achilles tendon granulocyte gallbladder palpebral conjunctiva appendix right uterine tube blood n/a More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function protein-macromolecule adaptor activity transcription corepressor activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity zinc ion binding metal ion binding protein binding protein kinase binding transferase activity Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol Cajal body nuclear speck intracellular anatomical structure nucleoplasm nucleus nuclear body Golgi apparatus Biological process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of autophagy interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway protein trimerization response to virus positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity transcription, DNA-templated regulation of protein localization positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity defense response to virus protein ubiquitination immune response positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling viral process negative regulation of nucleic acid-templated transcription Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10346 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000132274 n/a UniProt Q8IYM9 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006074 NM_001199573 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_001186502 NP_006065 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 5.69 – 5.74 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family.^[6] The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains, a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2, and a coiled-coil region. This protein localizes to the cytoplasm and its expression is induced by interferon.^[3] TRIM22 is also a target gene of the tumor suppressor protein p53.^[7]

TRIM22 possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and is able to ubiquitinate itself with the assistance of the E2 enzyme UbcH5B. Furthermore, TRIM22 is located in the nucleus and therefore may function as a nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase.^[8]

Clinical significance

The protein down-regulates transcription from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat promoter region, suggesting that function of this protein may be to mediate interferon's antiviral effects.^[3][4] Other proteins that function to restrict HIV replication include TRIM5alpha and APOBEC3G.^[9]

It has been demonstrated that treatment of cells with interferon type I inhibits HIV replication and TRIM22 is strongly up-regulated by interferon treatment. Furthermore, HIV particle release from cells depleted of TRIM22 with RNA interference is enhanced. TRIM22 appears to prevent the movement of the HIV Gag protein to the plasma membrane and hence TRIM22 can block HIV replication in cell cultures by preventing the assembly of the virus.^[10][11]