VIPR2

Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 also known as VPAC₂, is a G-protein coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the VIPR2 gene.^[5]

VIPR2
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2X57
Identifiers
Aliases	VIPR2, C16DUPq36.3, DUP7q36.3, PACAP-R-3, PACAP-R3, VIP-R-2, VPAC2, VPAC2R, VPCAP2R, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2
External IDs	OMIM: 601970; MGI: 107166; HomoloGene: 2540; GeneCards: VIPR2; OMA:VIPR2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7q36.3 Start 159,028,175 bp[1] End 159,144,867 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse)[2] Band 12 62.59 cM|12 F2 Start 116,041,346 bp[2] End 116,109,881 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in gastric mucosa apex of heart left ventricle body of pancreas canal of the cervix ascending aorta tibial arteries Descending thoracic aorta left ovary muscle layer of sigmoid colon Top expressed in neural layer of retina suprachiasmatic nucleus embryo cerebellar cortex ventricular zone muscle of thigh embryo dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell stomach lens More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function G protein-coupled receptor activity vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity transmembrane signaling receptor activity signal transducer activity G protein-coupled peptide receptor activity peptide hormone binding Cellular component integral component of membrane plasma membrane integral component of plasma membrane membrane Biological process cell-cell signaling cell surface receptor signaling pathway negative regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation signal transduction activation of adenylate cyclase activity G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7434 22355 Ensembl ENSG00000106018 ENSMUSG00000011171 UniProt P41587 P41588 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001304522 NM_001308259 NM_003382 NM_009511 RefSeq (protein) NP_001291451 NP_001295188 NP_003373 NP_033537 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 159.03 – 159.14 Mb Chr 12: 116.04 – 116.11 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Tissue distribution

VIPR2 is expressed in the uterus, prostate, smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract, seminal vesicles and skin, blood vessels and thymus.^[6][7] VIPR2 is also expressed in the cerebellum.^[8]

Function

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) are homologous peptides that function as neurotransmitters and neuroendocrine hormones. While the receptors for VIP (VIRP 1 and 2) and PACAP (ADCYAP1R1) share homology, they differ in their substrate specificities and expression patterns.^[5] VIPR2 transduction results in upregulation of adenylate cyclase activity.^[9] Furthermore, VIPR2 mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of VIP.^[10]

Research using VPAC₂ knockout mice implicate it in the function of the circadian clock, growth, basal energy expenditure and male reproduction.^{[11][12][13][14]}

VIPR2 and/or PAC1 receptor activation is involved in cutaneous active vasodilation in humans.^[15]

Splice variants may modify the immunoregulatory contributions of the VIP-VIPR2 axis.^[16]

VIPR2 may contribute to autoregulation and/or coupling within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) core and to control of the SCN shell.^[17]

Clinical significance

VIPR2 may play a role in schizophrenia.^[18]

The abnormal expression of VIPR2 messenger RNA in gallbladder tissue may play a role in the formation of gall stones and polyps.^[19]

See also

• Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor
• VIPR1