孅

孅 U+5B45, 孅 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B45 ← 孄 [U+5B44] CJK Unified Ideographs 孆 → [U+5B46]

Translingual

Han character

孅 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 女人戈一 (VOIM), four-corner 4345₀, composition ⿰女韱)

1. fine, minute

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 274, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6893
• Dae Jaweon: page 542, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1090, character 12
• Unihan data for U+5B45

Chinese

trad.		孅
simp. #		孅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (韱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
讖	*sʰrims
攕	*sreːm
櫼	*sreːm, *ʔsem
懺	*sʰraːms
殲	*ʔsem
瀸	*ʔsem
鑯	*ʔsem
虃	*ʔslem
籤	*sʰem
韯	*sem
纖	*sem
孅	*sem
韱	*sem
襳	*sem, *srem, *srim

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiān (xian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cim¹
• Eastern Min (BUC): chiĕng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sieng¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siam

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sian
    • Wade–Giles: hsien¹
    • Yale: syān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: cim¹
    • Yale: chīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: qim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːm⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chiĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰieŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sieng¹
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: siang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiɛŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sieng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬiɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siam
    • Tâi-lô: siam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siafm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siam³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /siam⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /siam⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: sjem

Rime
Character	孅
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	息廉切
Baxter	sjem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/siɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/sjæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/siam/
Li Rong	/siɛm/
Wang Li	/sĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sem/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孅
Reading #	1/1
No.	13485
Phonetic component	韱
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	銛
Old Chinese	/*sem/

Definitions

孅

1. delicate; dainty; slender
2. alternative form of 纖 / 纤 (“fine; minute; slight”)

Compounds

• 孅弱

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiān, xiān (qian¹, xian¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ, ㄒㄧㄢ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cian
    • Wade–Giles: chʻien¹
    • Yale: chyān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chian
    • Palladius: цянь (cjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiān
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sian
    • Wade–Giles: hsien¹
    • Yale: syān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian
    • Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/

---

Definitions

孅

1. crafty; treacherous; fawning

Compounds

• 孅人
• 孅趨 / 孅趋

References

• “孅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• William Campbell (1913), A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures of Chin-Chiu, Chiang-Chiu and Formosa (in Hokkien), 8th edition, Tainan: Taiwan Church Press, published 1961, →OCLC, page 613.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “孅”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 256.

Japanese

Kanji

孅

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. delicate

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kun: かよわい (kayowai, 孅い)

Korean

Hanja

孅 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.