廉

廉 U+5EC9, 廉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EC9 ← 廈 [U+5EC8] CJK Unified Ideographs 廊 → [U+5ECA]

廉 U+F9A2, 廉 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A2 ← 說 [U+F9A1] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 念 → [U+F9A3]

Translingual

Han character

廉 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿難金 (ITXC), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸广兼)

Derived characters

• 濂, 嬚, 燫, 臁, 鐮(镰), 蠊, 譧(𲂕), 劆, 薕, 簾, 𦧷, 𧸖

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 349, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9436
• Dae Jaweon: page 659, character 32
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 896, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5EC9

• Unihan data for U+F9A2

Chinese

simp. and trad.		廉
alternative forms		亷 㢘 槏 𠪊 𤎉 亷 㢘 槏 𠪊 𤎉 𠪕 𢉧 𢋯 𠔳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 廉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
譧	*r'eːms
賺	*r'eːms
尲	*kreːm
鹻	*kreːmʔ
歉	*kʰreːms, *kʰreːmʔ, *kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːms
槏	*kʰreːmʔ
鰜	*ɡreːm, *keːm
稴	*ɡreːm, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ, *ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏	*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡreːms
甉	*ɡreːmʔ, *ɡraːm
廉	*ɡ·rem
鎌	*ɡ·rem
鬑	*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
鐮	*ɡ·rem
簾	*ɡ·rem
薕	*ɡ·rem, *ɡ·reːm
蠊	*ɡ·rem
嬚	*ɡ·remʔ
溓	*ɡ·remʔ, *ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰	*kʰremʔ
隒	*ŋɡremʔ
熑	*ɡ·reːm
濂	*ɡ·reːm
燫	*ɡ·reːm
兼	*keːm, *keːms
縑	*keːm
鶼	*keːm
蒹	*keːm
搛	*keːm
謙	*kʰeːm
膁	*kʰeːmʔ
嗛	*kʰeːmʔ
慊	*kʰeːmʔ, *kʰeːb
傔	*kʰeːms
馦	*qʰeːm
嫌	*ɡeːm
鼸	*ɡeːmʔ
尷	*kreːm

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·rem): semantic 广 + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lián (lian²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nian²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lim⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): liam³

• Gan (Wiktionary): lien⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liàm

  (Hailu, HRS): liam

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liam²

• Jin (Wiktionary): lie¹
• Northern Min (KCR): lǐng
• Eastern Min (BUC): lièng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): liâm / lêm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶li
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lienn²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lián
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lián
    • Wade–Giles: lien²
    • Yale: lyán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
    • Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: nian²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lian
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /niɛn²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lim⁴
    • Yale: lìhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lim⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lim⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːm²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: liam³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liam²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lien⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɛn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liàm
    • Hakka Romanization System: liam^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liam²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯am¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: liam
    • Sinological IPA: /liam⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liam²
    • Sinological IPA: /liam¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lie¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǐng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lièng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ieŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
    • Tâi-lô: liâm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Klang): /liam²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /liam²¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Hui'an)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêm
    • Tâi-lô: lêm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: leem
    • IPA (Hui'an): /lem²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâm / niâm / niâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liam⁵⁵/, /niam⁵⁵/, /niaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• liam5 - Chaozhou;
• niam5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
• niang5 - Chenghai.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶li
    • MiniDict: li^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lienn²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ẽ¹³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 廉
Mandarin	Beijing	/lian³⁵/
	Harbin	/lian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/liã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/liã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/liã²⁴/
	Xining	/liã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/liɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/niɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nian³¹/
	Guiyang	/nian²¹/
	Kunming	/liɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/lien²⁴/
	Hefei	/liĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/lie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/li²³/
	Suzhou	/liɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/liẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/li³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/le⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/liɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/liẽ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/niẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liam¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/liɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lim²¹/
	Nanning	/lim²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lim²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/lieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/liŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/niam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/liam³¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljem

Rime
Character	廉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力鹽切
Baxter	ljem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liam/
Li Rong	/liɛm/
Wang Li	/lĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lim4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*(k-)rem/, /*[r]em/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·rem/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	廉	廉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ ljem ›	‹ ljem ›
Old Chinese	/*(k-)rem/	/*[r]em/
English	frugal	angle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	廉
Reading #	1/1
No.	6042
Phonetic component	兼
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	廉
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·rem/

Definitions

廉

1. clean; incorruptible; honorable; honest
2. inexpensive
3. a surname

Synonyms

• (clean): 潔／洁 (jié)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “inexpensive”): 貴／贵 (guì)

Compounds

• 一廉如水
• 低廉 (dīlián)
• 價廉物美 / 价廉物美 (jiàliánwùměi)
• 句廉
• 大廉價 / 大廉价
• 大法小廉
• 威廉 (Wēilián)
• 孝廉 (xiàolián)
• 孝廉方正
• 寡廉鮮恥 / 寡廉鲜耻 (guǎliánxiǎnchǐ)
• 小廉大法
• 小廉曲謹 / 小廉曲谨
• 廉使
• 廉俸
• 廉價 / 廉价 (liánjià)
• 廉吏
• 廉士
• 廉宜
• 廉恥 / 廉耻 (liánchǐ)
• 廉政 (liánzhèng)
• 廉明 (liánmíng)
• 廉正 (liánzhèng)
• 廉江 (Liánjiāng)
• 廉泉
• 廉潔 / 廉洁 (liánjié)
• 廉潔奉公 / 廉洁奉公
• 廉白
• 廉直
• 廉纖 / 廉纤
• 廉署 (Liánshǔ)
• 廉能
• 廉訪 / 廉访
• 廉讓 / 廉让
• 廉錦楓 / 廉锦枫
• 廉鍔 / 廉锷
• 廉隅
• 廉頑立懦 / 廉顽立懦
• 正直清廉
• 毀廉蔑恥 / 毁廉蔑耻
• 清廉 (qīnglián)
• 物美價廉 / 物美价廉 (wùměijiàlián)
• 知羞識廉 / 知羞识廉
• 砥礪廉隅 / 砥砺廉隅
• 禮義廉恥 / 礼义廉耻 (lǐyìliánchǐ)
• 節義廉明 / 节义廉明
• 舉孝廉 / 举孝廉 (jǔ xiàolián)
• 蚓廉
• 裡廉 / 里廉
• 頑廉懦立 / 顽廉懦立
• 飛廉 / 飞廉 (fēilián)
• 養廉 / 养廉