志士

Chinese

		the will	scholar; warrior; knight
simp. and trad. (志士)		志	士

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhìshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄓˋ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zi³ si⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chì-sū / chì-sǐr

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhìshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄓˋ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhìhshìh
    • Wade–Giles: chih⁴-shih⁴
    • Yale: jr̀-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyhshyh
    • Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 志士 智士 智識 / 智识 治世

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)⁺
    • Jyutping: zi³ si⁶
    • Yale: ji sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzi³ si⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ji³ xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː³³ siː²²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì-sū
    • Tâi-lô: tsì-sū
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciesu
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡si¹¹⁻⁵³ su³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡si²¹⁻⁵³ su²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡si²¹⁻⁴¹ su³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chì-sǐr
    • Tâi-lô: tsì-sǐr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡si⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sɯ²²/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyiH dzriX

Rime
Character	志	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	職吏切	鉏里切
Baxter	tsyiH	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨH/	/d͡ʒɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕɨH/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕieH/	/d͡ʒieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cɨH/	/ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiəH/	/d͡ʒiəX/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭəH/	/d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡ɕiH/	/ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhì	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi3	zi6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tə-s  [m-s-]rəʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjɯs  zrɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	志	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhì	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyiH ›	‹ dzriX ›
Old Chinese	/*tə-s/	/*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English	goal, intention, aspiration	officer; gentleman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	志	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	17190	11511
Phonetic component	之	士
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	志	士
Old Chinese	/*tjɯs/	/*zrɯʔ/
Notes	說文之聲

Noun

志士

1. an idealist; visionary; person of ideals and integrity; man of high ambition

   • 志士不忘在溝壑，勇士不忘喪其元。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
     志士不忘在沟壑，勇士不忘丧其元。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]

     From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE

     Zhìshì bù wàng zài gōuhè, yǒngshì bù wàng sàng qí yuán. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 烈士 (lièshì)

Derived terms

• 仁人志士 (rénrénzhìshì)
• 志士仁人 (zhìshìrénrén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (志士):

• → Japanese: 志士(しし) (shishi)
• → Korean: 지사(志士) (jisa)
• → Vietnamese: chí sĩ (志士)