瀑

瀑 U+7011, 瀑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7011 ← 瀐 [U+7010] CJK Unified Ideographs 瀒 → [U+7012]

Translingual

Han character

瀑 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 水日廿水 (EATE), four-corner 3613₂, composition ⿰氵暴)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 659, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18609
• Dae Jaweon: page 1069, character 8
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1778, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7011

Chinese

simp. and trad.		瀑
2nd round simp.		𣱶
alternative forms		𤄗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 瀑
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (暴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
暴	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
曝	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
瀑	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
虣	*boːwɢs
爆	*proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ
襮	*poːwɢ, *poːwɢ
嚗	*proːwɢ
謈	*pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ
犦	*broːwɢ, *poːwɢ
懪	*broːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 暴 (OC *boːwɢs, *boːɡ) – waterfall. However, the phonetic component means "violence", hence it could add part of the meaning given that waterfalls can be impetuous. A conservative version is 𤄗, then the character was stylized into 瀑.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pù (pu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): buk⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phuk / phau / phu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): bug⁵

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k / pho̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): pag⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pù
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: pù
    • Wade–Giles: pʻu⁴
    • Yale: pù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: puh
    • Palladius: пу (pu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: buk⁶
    • Yale: buhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: buk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phuk / phau / phu
    • Hakka Romanization System: pug^ˋ / pau / pu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pug⁵ / pau⁴ / pu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰuk̚²/, /pʰau̯⁵⁵/, /pʰu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: bug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /pʊk̚¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k
    • Tâi-lô: po̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: pho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: phok
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /pʰɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɔk̚¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: pag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pha̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰak̚⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 瀑
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰu⁵¹/ /pʰu³⁵/
	Harbin	/pʰu²⁴/
	Tianjin	/pʰu⁵³/
	Jinan	/pɔ²¹/ /pu⁵⁵/ 新
	Qingdao	/pɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/pʰu⁵³/
	Xining	/pʰv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/pʰu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pʰu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/pʰu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pau¹³/
	Guiyang	/pʰu²¹/
	Kunming	/pʰu³¹/
	Nanjing	/pʰoʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/pʰəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/pʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/boʔ¹/ /bɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/boʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/boʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/bo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/pʰu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/pʰu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/pʰu²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/pʰɑu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pok̚²/
	Nanning	/pɔk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/puk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pʰɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/puʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pʰu²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbau³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: buwk

Rime
Character	瀑
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蒲木切
Baxter	buwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/buk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/buk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/buk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bəwk̚/
Li Rong	/buk̚/
Wang Li	/buk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	buk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/, /*boːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瀑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào
Middle Chinese	‹ buwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁawk/
English	waterfall?
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瀑	瀑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	332	345
Phonetic component	暴	暴
Rime group	貌	屋
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	暴	暴
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/	/*boːɡ/

Definitions

瀑

1. waterfall

Compounds

• 壺口瀑布 / 壶口瀑布 (Húkǒu Pùbù)
• 懸瀑 / 悬瀑
• 瀑布
• 瀑風 / 瀑风
• 飛瀑 / 飞瀑

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bào (bao⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): bou⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): phuk / phau / phu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): pau⁴

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pō

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bao⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bào
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bào
    • Wade–Giles: pao⁴
    • Yale: bàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baw
    • Palladius: бао (bao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: bou⁶
    • Yale: bouh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bou⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: bou⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phuk / phau / phu
    • Hakka Romanization System: pug^ˋ / pau / pu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pug⁵ / pau⁴ / pu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰuk̚²/, /pʰau̯⁵⁵/, /pʰu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: pau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰau⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō
    • Tâi-lô: pō
    • Phofsit Daibuun: poi
    • IPA (Xiamen): /po²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /po²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /po³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bao⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pau³⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 瀑
Mandarin	Beijing	/pʰu⁵¹/ /pʰu³⁵/
	Harbin	/pʰu²⁴/
	Tianjin	/pʰu⁵³/
	Jinan	/pɔ²¹/ /pu⁵⁵/ 新
	Qingdao	/pɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/pʰu⁵³/
	Xi'an	/pʰu⁵³/
	Xining	/pʰv̩⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/pʰu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/pʰu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/pʰu⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/pʰu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/pau¹³/
	Guiyang	/pʰu²¹/
	Kunming	/pʰu³¹/
	Nanjing	/pʰoʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/pʰəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/pʰəʔ⁵⁴/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/pʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/boʔ¹/ /bɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/boʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/boʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/bo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/pʰɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/pʰu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/pʰu²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/pʰu²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/pʰuk̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/pʰɑu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/pok̚²/
	Nanning	/pɔk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/puk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/pʰɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/puʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/pʰu²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/pʰak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/ʔbau³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: bawH

Rime
Character	瀑
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	薄報切
Baxter	bawH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑuH/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑuH/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/bawH/
Li Rong	/bɑuH/
Wang Li	/bɑuH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱɑuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs/, /*boːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	瀑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào
Middle Chinese	‹ buwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁawk/
English	waterfall?
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	瀑	瀑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	332	345
Phonetic component	暴	暴
Rime group	貌	屋
Rime subdivision	3	0
Corresponding MC rime	暴	暴
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/	/*boːɡ/

Definitions

瀑

1. heavy rain
2. (～河) (river in Henan province)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02368
• “瀑”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 瀑

瀑

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. waterfall, cascade

Readings

• Go-on: ぼう (bō)、ぼく (boku)
• Kan-on: ほく (hoku)、ほう (hō)
• Kan’yō-on: ばく (baku)
• Kun: にわかあめ (niwakaame, 瀑)、たき (taki, 瀑)

Compounds

• 瀑布(ばくふ) (bakufu, “waterfall”)
• 名瀑(めいばく) (meibaku, “famous waterfall”)

References

• “^▲瀑”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja

瀑 • (pok, po) (hangeul 폭, 포, revised pok, po, McCune–Reischauer p'ok, p'o, Yale phok, pho)

1. waterfall, cascade
2. heavy rain

Vietnamese

Han character

瀑: Hán Nôm readings: bộc

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