狄

狄 U+72C4, 狄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72C4 ← 狃 [U+72C3] CJK Unified Ideographs 狅 → [U+72C5]

Translingual

Han character

狄 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 大竹火 (KHF), four-corner 4928₀, composition ⿰犭火)

Derived characters

• 唙, 𢙹, 𪶆, 逖, 梑, 𦛡, 𥇃, 𧼃, 𱃀, 𩷎, 荻, 𱢃, 𥭳, 䯼, 𠜓, 悐

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 707, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20290
• Dae Jaweon: page 1120, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1337, character 1
• Unihan data for U+72C4

Chinese

trad.		狄
simp. #		狄
alternative forms		翟

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 狄
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (狄) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
逖	*tʰeːɡ
悐	*tʰeːɡ
狄	*deːɡ
荻	*deːɡ
梑	*deːɡ

Etymology

"northern foreigners"

Unknown. Goldin (2011) proposes that 狄 (dí)/翟 (dí) was a "pseudo-ethnonym" and meant "feathered"; Liji mentioned that the Dí's clothings were made of birds' feathers and mammals' hairs. If so, see 翟 (dí) for more etymology.

"low servant"

Either based on the northern foreigners' endo-ethnonym, or more likely Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Monic *ɗiik, Proto-Bahnaric *ɗɨc, as well as Proto-Mon-Khmer **ɗiək ~ ɗiik ~ *ɗik (“slave”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dí, tì (di², ti⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˊ, ㄊㄧˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dik⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thi̍t

  (Hailu, HRS): tid^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): dĭk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): deh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸diq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dí
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dí
    • Wade–Giles: ti²
    • Yale: dí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dyi
    • Palladius: ди (di)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tì
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tì
    • Wade–Giles: tʻi⁴
    • Yale: tì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tih
    • Palladius: ти (ti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: dik⁶
    • Yale: dihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: tid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰit̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: tid^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰit²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiʔ⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: deh⁷
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: de̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɛʔ⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ti̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /tiɪk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪk̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diak
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: dêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tek̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸diq
    • MiniDict: dih^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵diq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /diɪʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: dek

Rime
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	錫 (127)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徒歷切
Baxter	dek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dek̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dek̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛjk̚/
Li Rong	/dek̚/
Wang Li	/diek̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱiek̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dik6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤek/

  (Zhengzhang): /*deːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dí
Middle Chinese	‹ dek ›
Old Chinese	/*lˁek/
English	(name of a northern tribe)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	狄
Reading #	1/1
No.	2206
Phonetic component	狄
Rime group	錫
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	荻
Old Chinese	/*deːɡ/

Definitions

狄

1. the Di people; Zhou dynasty era term for tribes from northern China
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) low servant
3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 翟
4. a surname

   狄仁傑／狄仁杰  ―  Dí Rénjié  ―  Di Renjie (Tang dynasty chancellor)

Compounds

• 亞加狄亞 / 亚加狄亚
• 儀狄 / 仪狄
• 北狄 (Běidí)
• 夷狄 (yídí)
• 庫狄 / 库狄
• 戎狄 (róngdí)
• 揄狄
• 狄宮 / 狄宫
• 狄牙
• 狄良突盧 / 狄良突卢
• 白狄
• 簡狄 / 简狄
• 蠻夷戎狄 / 蛮夷戎狄 (mányí róngdí)

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 狄

狄

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. barbarian

Readings

• On (unclassified): てき (teki)
• Kun: えびす (ebisu)

Compounds

• 夷狄(いてき) (iteki)

References

• “^▲狄”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 狄 (MC dek). Recorded as Middle Korean 뎍〮 (tyék) (Yale: tyek) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

狄

狄 (eumhun 오랑캐 적 (orangkae jeok))

1. hanja form^? of 적 (“tribe from northern China”)

Compounds

• 북적 (北狄, bukjeok)
• 융적 (戎狄, yungjeok)
• 이적 (夷狄, ijeok)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

狄: Hán Nôm readings: địch, đệt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.