鈔

See also: 钞

鈔 U+9214, 鈔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9214 ← 鈓 [U+9213] CJK Unified Ideographs 鈕 → [U+9215]

Translingual

Han character

鈔 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 金火竹 (CFH), four-corner 8912₀, composition ⿰釒少)

Derived characters

• 𮑍

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1298, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40227
• Dae Jaweon: page 1801, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4176, character 3
• Unihan data for U+9214

Chinese

trad.		鈔
simp.		钞

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (小) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
觘	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
抄	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
鈔	*sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws
訬	*sm̥ʰreːw, *mewʔ
炒	*sʰroːʔ
吵	*sm̥ʰreːwʔ, *mewʔ
耖	*sm̥ʰreːws
仯	*sm̥ʰreːws
眇	*mewʔ
渺	*mewʔ
杪	*mewʔ
秒	*mewʔ
篎	*mewʔ, *mews
妙	*mews
玅	*mews
釥	*sm̥ʰewʔ
小	*smewʔ
少	*hmjewʔ, *hmjews
麨	*m̥ʰjewʔ
尠	*senʔ, *smos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws): semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): chāo (chao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cao¹

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caau¹ / caau³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): cau¹

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhêu
• Eastern Min (BUC): chá / chău
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhau / chhà

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cao¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chao
    • Wade–Giles: chʻao¹
    • Yale: chāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chau
    • Palladius: чао (čao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: cao¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cao
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
    • Jyutping: caau¹ / caau³
    • Yale: chāau / chaau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaau¹ / tsaau³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cao¹ / cao³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːu̯⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaːu̯³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: cau¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhêu
    • Hakka Romanization System: ceu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ceu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰeu̯²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chá / chău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑ²¹³/, /t͡sʰau⁵⁵/

Note:

• chá - “banknotes”;
• chău - alternative form of 抄.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhau / chhà
    • Tâi-lô: tshau / tshà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhaw, zhax
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰa²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau³³/, /t͡sʰa⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰa²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰa¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰa²¹/
Note:
• chhau - literary;
• chhà - vernacular (俗).
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cao¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshau
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰau³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshau
    • MiniDict: tshau^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɔ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsrhaew, tsrhaewH

Rime
Character	鈔	鈔
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	楚交切	初敎切
Baxter	tsrhaew	tsrhaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠau/	/t͡ʃʰˠauH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚau/	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚauH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰau/	/t͡ʃʰauH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨw/	/ʈ͡ʂʰaɨwH/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰau/	/t͡ʃʰauH/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰau/	/t͡ʃʰauH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰau/	/ʈ͡ʂʰauH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chāo	chào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caau1	caau3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sm̥ʰreːw/, /*sm̥ʰreːws/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鈔	鈔
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	13685	13691
Phonetic component	小	小
Rime group	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	䜈	抄
Old Chinese	/*sm̥ʰreːw/	/*sm̥ʰreːws/
Notes	同抄	同抄

Definitions

鈔

1. paper money; banknotes
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 抄
3. a surname

Compounds

• 假鈔 / 假钞 (jiǎchāo)
• 偽鈔 / 伪钞 (wěichāo)
• 傳鈔 / 传钞
• 冥鈔 / 冥钞 (míngchāo)
• 北堂書鈔 / 北堂书钞
• 史鈔 / 史钞
• 壞鈔 / 坏钞
• 外鈔 / 外钞
• 大鈔 / 大钞
• 宋詩鈔 / 宋诗钞
• 宮門鈔 / 宫门钞
• 寇鈔 / 寇钞
• 寶鈔 / 宝钞 (bǎochāo)
• 小鈔 / 小钞
• 影鈔本 / 影钞本
• 惠鈔 / 惠钞
• 掐尖落鈔 / 掐尖落钞
• 整鈔 / 整钞
• 料鈔 / 料钞
• 昏鈔 / 昏钞
• 會鈔 / 会钞 (huìchāo)
• 現鈔 / 现钞 (xiànchāo)
• 生鈔 / 生钞
• 破鈔 / 破钞
• 精銀響鈔 / 精银响钞
• 紙鈔 / 纸钞 (zhǐchāo)
• 美鈔 / 美钞 (měichāo)
• 花錢粉鈔 / 花钱粉钞
• 落鈔 / 落钞
• 鈔引 / 钞引
• 鈔掠 / 钞掠
• 鈔暴 / 钞暴
• 鈔本 / 钞本 (chāoběn)
• 鈔票 / 钞票 (chāopiào)
• 鈔袋 / 钞袋
• 鈔邏 / 钞逻
• 鈔關 / 钞关
• 錢鈔 / 钱钞 (qiánchāo)
• 閣鈔 / 阁钞
• 陸鈔 / 陆钞
• 響鈔精銀 / 响钞精银
• 驗鈔機 / 验钞机 (yànchāojī)
• 鴉青鈔 / 鸦青钞
• 鹽鈔 / 盐钞

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: چاو (çav)
  • Turkish: çav
• → Persian: چاو (paper money) (Ilkhanate)
  • Persian: چاوخانه (place where paper money was made) (Ilkhanate)

References

• “鈔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–