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金

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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See also: 全, 釒, and 숲
金 U+91D1, 金
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91D1
← 釐
[U+91D0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 釒 →
[U+91D2]
⾦ U+2FA6, ⾦
KANGXI RADICAL GOLD
← ⾥
[U+2FA5] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾧ →
[U+2FA7]
金 U+F90A, 金
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F90A
← 契
[U+F909] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 喇 →
[U+F90B]

Translingual

More information Stroke order ...
More information Stroke order ...

Alternative forms

  • 釒 / 钅 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Han character

See images of
Radical 167 金

金 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+0, 8 strokes, cangjie input 金 (C), four-corner 80109, composition ⿱𫢉䒑)

  1. Kangxi radical #167, ⾦.

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𠊄, 𫭾, 𫰾, 𫲧, 𬯉, 𪯧, 𣔋, 𬊝, 𫆤, 𥇶, 𥟨, 𥺻, 𫋆, 𫍀, 𩸱, 𪑙
  • 𥦨, 𫅇, 𥯀, 𮲤, 𦑕, 𧟴, 𢉅, 𩰔

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1295, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40152
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1795, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4167, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+91D1
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Chinese

More information simp. and trad., alternative forms ...
More information Chemical element ...
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 金, Western Zhou ...
Characters in the same phonetic series (金) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
More information Old Chinese ...

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *krɯm): semantic 士 (“upside-down ritual axe perhaps made of precious materials”) + semantic 丷 (“two blocks of metal”) + phonetic 亼. The semantic component in folk etymology is very often misinterpreted as 王. The minerals, originally drawn as : and then as 丷, are sometimes indicated as 呂, however the latter is the pictogram of two vertebrae.

The upper component 亼 is the ancient form for 今 (OC *krɯm) and it represents an open mouth flipped upside down; it indicates the original pronunciation of the whole character.

Shuowen interprets it as an image of metal in the earth (Xu Shen writes "象金在土中形") with 亼 as phonetic. But the most ancient versions do not contain the pictogram of the earth.

Originally referred to copper, first used during the Copper Age and the Jade Age in China (hence before the Bronze Age, during which the first bronzes were produced); later the meaning was extended to metal as a whole, and then to gold.

Etymology

Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gǝ̆m (“metal”); compare Tedim Chin xam (“gold”) and Lepcha ᰀᰩᰮ (kóm, “silver, coin, money”).

“Copper” [prior to 5th BCE] → “metals in general” → “gold”.

The main senses now are “gold” and “metal”.

Some of the Manchu people with this surname are descendants of the Qing imperial family and is a calque of Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin, “gold”) in their original surname ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ
ᡤᡳᠣᡵᠣ (aisin gioro).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • gim1 - Chaozhou, Shantou;
  • ging1 - Chenghai.
  • Dialectal data
More information Variety, Location ...
More information Rime, Character ...
More information Character, Reading # ...
More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Definitions

金

  1. (obsolete) copper (Cu)
  2. metal
    合金  ―  héjīn  ―  alloy
  3. metalware
  4. gold (Au)
    金的顏色和黃銅很相似。 [MSC, trad.]
    金的颜色和黄铜很相似。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīn de yánsè hé huángtóng hěn xiāngsì. [Pinyin]
    Gold is similar in color to brass.
  5. golden; blond
    金髮／金发  ―  jīnfà  ―  blond
    他被獎勵了一塊金錶。 [MSC, trad.]
    他被奖励了一块金表。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bèi jiǎnglì le yīkuài jīn biǎo. [Pinyin]
    He received a golden watch as a prize.
  6. (by extension) money; material wealth
    現金／现金  ―  xiànjīn  ―  cash
    資金／资金  ―  zījīn  ―  funds
    金錢／金钱  ―  jīnqián  ―  currency
  7. (historical) ancient currency unit
  8. (historical) gong or other metalware for signalling commands in the military
    金鼓齊鳴／金鼓齐鸣  ―  jīngǔqímíng  ―  the gongs and drums of war sound out in unison
  9. respectful; precious
    金玉良言  ―  jīnyùliángyán  ―  precious advice
  10. used in 金城 (jīnchéng)
    金城湯池／金城汤池  ―  jīnchéngtāngchí  ―  strongly fortified city
  11. short for 金星 (Jīnxīng, “Venus”)
  12. one of the eight kinds of instruments (八音 (-))
  13. metal, one of the five elements of Wu Xing (五行 (-))
  14. (Cantonese, cant) fire; flame
  15. (Cantonese, cant) roasted
    金豬／金猪 [Cantonese]  ―  gam1 zyu1 [Jyutping]  ―  roasted suckling pig
  16. (～朝) (historical) The Jurchen Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
  17. (～朝, ～國) (historical) synonym of 後金 / 后金 (Hòujīn), the Jurchen Later Jin state (1616–1636)
  18. a surname
    金聖歎／金圣叹  ―  Jīn Shèngtàn  ―  Jin Shengtan (Chinese literary critic)
    金焰  ―  Jīn Yàn  ―  Jin Yan (Chinese actor)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 金子 (“gold”) [map]
More information Variety, Location ...

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (金):
  • → Japanese: 金(きん) (kin)
  • → Korean: 금(金) (geum), 김(金) (gim)
  • → Vietnamese: kim (金)

Others:

  • → Bouyei: jiml (“gold”)
  • → Lao: ຄຳ (kham, “gold”)
  • → Thai: คำ (kam, “gold”)
  • → Zhuang: gim (“gold”)
  • → Tagalog: ginto (“gold”)

References

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Japanese

Korean

Old Japanese

Vietnamese

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