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銅
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 铜
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Translingual
Han character
銅 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+6, 14 strokes, cangjie input 金月一口 (CBMR), four-corner 87120, composition ⿰釒同)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1304, character 5
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40361
- Dae Jaweon: page 1806, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4196, character 7
- Unihan data for U+9285
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *doːŋ): semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 同 (OC *doːŋ).
Etymology
Since metals are typically associated with color, the word is probably related to 彤 (OC *l'uːŋ, “red”) (Schuessler, 2007).
The word "copper" occurs in some Southeast Asian languages with initial l- (Sagart, 1999). Examples include Zhuang luengz, Bouyei luangz and Bu-Nao Bunu loŋ², which are early loans from Chinese.
Tibetan དོང་ཙེ (dong tse, “Chinese copper coin”) was borrowed from Chinese 銅子／铜子 (tóngzǐ).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tung2
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): tung1
- Northern Min (KCR): dǒ̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): dè̤ng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dorng2 / dang2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6don
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dong2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
- Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
- Wade–Giles: tʻung2
- Yale: túng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
- Palladius: тун (tun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: tong2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tung
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰoŋ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Jyutping: tung4
- Yale: tùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tung4
- Guangdong Romanization: tung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: huung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɵŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong–Macau)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tung2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuŋ²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thùng
- Hakka Romanization System: tungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: tung2
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: tung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dǒ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dè̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tøyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dó̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dorng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɒŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dang2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: dáng
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: dang2
- Sinological IPA (key): /taŋ²⁴/
- (Putian)
Note:
- dorng2 - literary;
- dang2 - vernacular.
- tông - literary;
- tâng - vernacular.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: duwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[l]ˤoŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːŋ/
Definitions
銅
Synonyms
Compounds
- 古銅 / 古铜
- 古銅色 / 古铜色 (gǔtóngsè)
- 古銅輝石 / 古铜辉石
- 吹銅 / 吹铜
- 崔烈銅臭 / 崔烈铜臭
- 斑光銅礦 / 斑光铜矿
- 斑銅礦 / 斑铜矿 (bāntóngkuàng)
- 歹銅舊錫 / 歹铜旧锡 (pháiⁿ-tâng-kū-siah) (Hokkien)
- 氧化亞銅 / 氧化亚铜 (yǎnghuàyàtóng)
- 氧化銅 / 氧化铜 (yǎnghuàtóng)
- 氯化銅 / 氯化铜 (lǜhuàtóng)
- 渾身銅臭 / 浑身铜臭
- 炮銅 / 炮铜
- 煉銅 / 炼铜 (liàntóng)
- 熟銅 / 熟铜
- 白銅 / 白铜 (báitóng)
- 破銅爛鐵 / 破铜烂铁 (pòtónglàntiě)
- 硫酸銅 / 硫酸铜 (liúsuāntóng)
- 硝酸銅 / 硝酸铜 (xiāosuāntóng)
- 碳酸銅 / 碳酸铜
- 籠銅 / 笼铜
- 紅銅 / 红铜 (hóngtóng)
- 紫銅 / 紫铜 (zǐtóng)
- 自然銅 / 自然铜
- 荊棘銅駝 / 荆棘铜驼
- 見鐘不打，更去煉銅 / 见钟不打，更去炼铜
- 赤銅 / 赤铜 (chìtóng)
- 赤銅礦 / 赤铜矿
- 輝銅礦 / 辉铜矿
- 針灸銅人 / 针灸铜人 (zhēnjiǔ tóng rén)
- 銅人 / 铜人 (tóngrén)
- 銅像 / 铜像 (tóngxiàng)
- 銅匠 / 铜匠 (tóngjiàng)
- 銅印 / 铜印
- 銅器 / 铜器 (tóngqì)
- 銅器時代 / 铜器时代
- 銅圓 / 铜圆
- 銅壺 / 铜壶 (tónghú)
- 銅壺滴漏 / 铜壶滴漏
- 銅婚 / 铜婚
- 銅官 / 铜官 (Tóngguān)
- 銅山 / 铜山 (tóngshān)
- 銅山西崩，洛鐘東應 / 铜山西崩，洛钟东应
- 銅幣 / 铜币 (tóngbì)
- 銅斗兒 / 铜斗儿
- 銅斗兒家緣 / 铜斗儿家缘
- 銅斗家私 / 铜斗家私
- 銅斗家計 / 铜斗家计
- 銅板 / 铜板 (tóngbǎn)
- 銅柱 / 铜柱
- 銅模 / 铜模
- 銅活 / 铜活 (tónghuó)
- 銅烏 / 铜乌
- 銅牆鐵壁 / 铜墙铁壁 (tóngqiángtiěbì)
- 銅版 / 铜版 (tóngbǎn)
- 銅版畫 / 铜版画
- 銅版紙 / 铜版纸
- 銅牌 / 铜牌 (tóngpái)
- 銅獸 / 铜兽
- 銅琵鐵板 / 铜琵铁板
- 銅瓦 / 铜瓦
- 銅盆撞了鐵掃帚 / 铜盆撞了铁扫帚
- 銅礦 / 铜矿 (tóngkuàng)
- 銅筋鐵肋 / 铜筋铁肋
- 銅筋鐵骨 / 铜筋铁骨
- 銅管 / 铜管 (tóngguǎn)
- 銅管樂器 / 铜管乐器 (tóngguǎn yuèqì)
- 銅管樂隊 / 铜管乐队 (tóngguǎn yuèduì)
- 銅簧 / 铜簧
- 銅粉 / 铜粉
- 銅精 / 铜精
- 銅綠 / 铜绿 (tónglǜ)
- 銅線 / 铜线 (tóngxiàn)
- 銅臭 / 铜臭 (tóngxiù)
- 銅臭味 / 铜臭味 (tóngxiùwèi)
- 銅葉 / 铜叶
- 銅落 / 铜落
- 銅虎符 / 铜虎符
- 銅街 / 铜街
- 銅豌豆 / 铜豌豆
- 銅鈸 / 铜钹
- 銅銲 / 铜焊
- 銅錢 / 铜钱 (tóngqián)
- 銅鎚 / 铜锤
- 銅鏡 / 铜镜 (tóngjìng)
- 銅鐘 / 铜钟
- 銅鑼 / 铜锣 (tóngluó)
- 銅鑼燒 / 铜锣烧 (tóngluóshāo)
- 銅陵 / 铜陵 (Tónglíng)
- 銅雀 / 铜雀
- 銅雀臺 / 铜雀台
- 銅頭鐵額 / 铜头铁额
- 銅駝 / 铜驼
- 銅駝荊棘 / 铜驼荆棘
- 銅駝陌 / 铜驼陌
- 銅黛 / 铜黛
- 銅鼓 / 铜鼓 (tónggǔ)
- 銅龍 / 铜龙
- 銅龍門 / 铜龙门
- 鋁青銅 / 铝青铜
- 鍼灸銅人 / 针灸铜人
- 鐵壁銅牆 / 铁壁铜墙
- 鐵心銅膽 / 铁心铜胆
- 鐵膽銅心 / 铁胆铜心
- 鐵郭銅關 / 铁郭铜关
- 鐵銅 / 铁铜 (Tiětóng)
- 青銅 / 青铜 (qīngtóng)
- 青銅器 / 青铜器 (qīngtóngqì)
- 青銅器時代 / 青铜器时代 (Qīngtóngqì Shídài)
- 黃銅 / 黄铜 (huángtóng)
- 黝銅礦 / 黝铜矿
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (銅):
Others:
References
- “銅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04291
- “銅”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.
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