鯨

See also: 鲸

鯨 U+9BE8, 鯨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BE8 ← 鯧 [U+9BE7] CJK Unified Ideographs 鯩 → [U+9BE9]

Translingual

Han character

鯨 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 弓火卜口火 (NFYRF), four-corner 2039₆, composition ⿰魚京)

Derived characters

• 𪸉

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1473, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46257
• Dae Jaweon: page 2005, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4698, character 6
• Unihan data for U+9BE8

Chinese

trad.		鯨
simp.		鲸
alternative forms		䲔 𩼃 𮔥

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鯨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (京) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涼	*ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs
凉	*ɡ·raŋ
椋	*ɡ·raŋ
綡	*ɡ·raŋ
輬	*ɡ·raŋ
諒	*ɡ·raŋs
掠	*ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ
弶	*ɡaŋs
京	*kraŋ
麖	*kraŋ
鶁	*kraŋ
景	*kraŋʔ
鯨	*ɡraŋ
黥	*ɡraŋ
勍	*ɡraŋ
剠	*ɡraŋ
倞	*ɡraŋs
影	*qraŋʔ
璟	*qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ
憬	*kʷraŋʔ
暻	*kʷraŋʔ
澋	*ɡʷraːŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡraŋ): semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 京 (OC *kraŋ).

Etymology

Cognate with 京 (OC *kraŋ, “mound; capital; great”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jīng, qíng (jing¹, qing²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ, ㄑㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): king⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ken³

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kîn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gin¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): gĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): keng / khêng / kiang

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kêng⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶jin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jing
    • Wade–Giles: ching¹
    • Yale: jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
    • Palladius: цзин (czin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cíng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻing²
    • Yale: chíng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyng
    • Palladius: цин (cin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: king⁴
    • Yale: kìhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: king⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: king⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɪŋ²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ken³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰen²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: gin^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kin⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khêng
    • Tâi-lô: khîng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qeeng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɪŋ²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /kʰiɪŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Yilan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiang
    • Tâi-lô: kiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiafng
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Yilan): /kiaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰeŋ⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jin
    • MiniDict: jin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: gjaeng

Rime
Character	鯨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠京切
Baxter	gjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/giajŋ/
Li Rong	/ɡiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qíng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	king4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]raŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鯨
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ gjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]raŋ/
English	whale
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鯨
Reading #	1/1
No.	6832
Phonetic component	京
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	擎
Old Chinese	/*ɡraŋ/

Definitions

鯨

1. whale
2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) great; huge

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鯨魚 (“whale”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		鯨
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鯨
Taxonomic name		鯨
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	鯨魚
	Taiwan	鯨魚
	Singapore	鯨魚
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	鯨魚
Southwestern Mandarin	Guilin	鯨魚
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	鯨魚
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鯨魚
	Hong Kong	鯨魚
	Taishan	鯨魚
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鯨魚
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	鯨魚
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	鯨魚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	海翁
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	海翁
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	鯨魚
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	鯨魚
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	海鰍, 鯨魚
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	海翁, 鯨魚
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	鯨魚, 海鰍
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	鯨魚
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鯨魚, 海鰍
Southern Min	Xiamen	海翁
	Taipei	海翁
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	海翁
	Kaohsiung	海翁, 鯨魚
	Yilan	海翁, 鯨魚
	Changhua (Lukang)	海翁
	Taichung	海翁
	Tainan	海翁
	Hsinchu	海翁
	Kinmen	海翁
	Penghu (Magong)	海翁
	Penang (Hokkien)	鯨魚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	海翁, 鯨魚
	Leizhou	海公魚, 海公
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	鯨魚
Wu	Shanghai	鯨魚
	Wenzhou	鯨魚

Compounds

• 北極鯨 / 北极鲸
• 大翅鯨 / 大翅鲸
• 抹香鯨 / 抹香鲸 (mǒxiāngjīng)
• 捕鯨船 / 捕鲸船
• 槌鯨 / 槌鲸
• 正鯨 / 正鲸
• 灰鯨 / 灰鲸
• 白鯨記 / 白鲸记
• 藍鯨 / 蓝鲸 (lánjīng)
• 虎踞鯨吞 / 虎踞鲸吞
• 蠶食鯨吞 / 蚕食鲸吞 (cánshíjīngtūn)
• 長鯨 / 长鲸
• 露脊鯨 / 露脊鲸 (lùjǐjīng)
• 鬚鯨 / 须鲸 (xūjīng)
• 鯨吞 / 鲸吞 (jīngtūn)
• 鯨吞虎噬 / 鲸吞虎噬
• 鯨波 / 鲸波
• 鯨油 / 鲸油 (jīngyóu)
• 鯨蠟 / 鲸蜡
• 鯨音 / 鲸音
• 鯨鬚 / 鲸须 (jīngxū)
• 鯨魚 / 鲸鱼 (jīngyú)
• 鯨魚座 / 鲸鱼座 (Jīngyúzuò)
• 鯨鯊 / 鲸鲨 (jīngshā)
• 鯨鯢 / 鲸鲵 (jīngní)
• 齒鯨 / 齿鲸 (chǐjīng)