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渠
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Translingual
Han character
渠 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水尸木 (ESD), four-corner 31904, composition ⿱洰木)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 633, character 48
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17764
- Dae Jaweon: page 1040, character 7
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1645, character 4
- Unihan data for U+6E20
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡa): semantic 水 (“water”) + abbreviated phonetic 榘 (OC *kʷaʔ).
Etymology 1
- “ditch; canal; drain”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka ~ *k(r)a (“path; way; channel; ditch”); probably the same word as 衢 (OC *ɡʷa, “passage”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan རྐ (rka, “gutter; channel; furrow”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qu2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): чү (čü, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qie3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): qy1
- Northern Min (KCR): kṳ̆
- Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̀
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6jiu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jy2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qú
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyú
- Wade–Giles: chʻü2
- Yale: chyú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
- Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: qu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ky
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: чү (čü, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: keoi4
- Yale: kèuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: koey4
- Guangdong Romanization: kêu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɵy̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kui3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰui²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qie3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰie²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khì
- Hakka Romanization System: kiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ki2
- Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: qy1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰy¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳ̆
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰy⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gy2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gy2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kû
- Tâi-lô: kû
- Phofsit Daibuun: kuu
- IPA (Xiamen): /ku²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kîr
- Tâi-lô: kîr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
- Tâi-lô: kî
- Phofsit Daibuun: kii
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ke5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jy2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕy¹³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: gjo
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)a/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡa/
Definitions
渠
Usage notes
Unlike 溝／沟 (gōu), which refers to both artificial and natural watercourses, 渠 (qú) refers only to artificial watercourses.
Compounds
- 共產主義渠 / 共产主义渠 (Gòngchǎn Zhǔyì Qú)
- 出渠
- 坑渠
- 幹渠 / 干渠
- 廣通渠 / 广通渠
- 斗渠
- 橫渠 / 横渠
- 橫渠學派 / 横渠学派
- 毛渠
- 水到渠成 (shuǐdàoqúchéng)
- 永濟渠 / 永济渠
- 河渠
- 流血成渠
- 渠務 / 渠务
- 渠口 (Qúkǒu)
- 渠帥 / 渠帅 (qúshuài)
- 渠水 (qúshuǐ)
- 渠江
- 渠渠
- 渠率
- 渠衝 / 渠冲
- 渠輩 / 渠辈
- 渠道 (qúdào)
- 渠魁 (qúkuí)
- 溝渠 / 沟渠 (gōuqú)
- 漕渠 (cáoqú)
- 灌溉渠
- 犀渠
- 白渠
- 石渠 (Shíqú)
- 義渠 / 义渠
- 血流成渠
- 軒渠 / 轩渠
- 轉死溝渠 / 转死沟渠
- 轉渠口 / 转渠口
- 通渠 (tōngqú)
- 通濟渠 / 通济渠
- 開渠穿井 / 开渠穿井
- 雝渠 / 雍渠 (yōngqú)
- 靈渠 / 灵渠 (Líng Qú)
- 黃渠 / 黄渠 (Huángqú)
Etymology 2
Attested since 4th to 5th century CE, preserved in many central and southern dialects (Schuessler, 2007). See 佢 and 伊.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): qie2
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gy2
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gyu4
- Wu (Wugniu)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qú
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cyú
- Wade–Giles: chʻü2
- Yale: chyú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyu
- Palladius: цюй (cjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: keoi5 / heoi5 / keoi4
- Yale: kéuih / héuih / kèuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: koey5 / hoey5 / koey4
- Guangdong Romanization: kêu5 / hêu5 / kêu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɵy̯¹³/, /hɵy̯¹³/, /kʰɵy̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- keoi5, heoi5 - vernacular (most commonly written as 佢);
- keoi4 - literary.
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: kui1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰui³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: qie2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰie²⁴/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kì
- Hakka Romanization System: giˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi2
- Sinological IPA: /ki¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kì / yì
- Hakka Romanization System: giˇ / (r)iˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi2 / yi2
- Sinological IPA: /ki¹¹/, /(j)i¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gy2
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gy2
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky²⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kû
- Tâi-lô: kû
- Phofsit Daibuun: kuu
- IPA (Xiamen): /ku²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kîr
- Tâi-lô: kîr
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
- Tâi-lô: kî
- Phofsit Daibuun: kii
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ke5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰɯ⁵⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: gyu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ky²¹/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- 6yi (Shanghai) - most commonly written as 伊;
- 3gou (Jinhua) - dated.
Note:
- Middle Chinese: gjo
Definitions
渠
- (literary or dialectal) third-person pronoun; he; she; it
- 1997, 覃遠雄, 韋樹關, 卞成林, editors, 南寧平話詞典 [A Dictionary of Nanning Pinghua] (Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects), first edition, Nanjing: 江蘇教育出版社, page 41:
- 渠是哪個？／渠是哪个？ [Nanning Pinghua] ― gy4 si6 na2 go3 [Jyutping++] ― Who is he?
Synonyms
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
渠
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Readings
Korean
Hanja
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Vietnamese
Han character
渠: Hán Nôm readings: cừ, gừa, khờ, cự
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