-ur

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ur"

Albanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /uɾ/

Suffix

-ur (adjective-forming)

1. Forms adjectives from verbs. The most common meaning the suffix carries is comparable to -ed in English.

   ‎tredh (“to castrate”) + ‎-ur → ‎tredhur (“castrated”)

Derived terms

Albanian terms suffixed with -ur

patredhur

Sqepur

tredhur

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈur]

Suffix

-ur m (noun-forming suffix, plural -urs)

1. (chemistry) -ide

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -ur

arsenur

borur

bromur

carbur

clorur

fluorur

fosfur

iodur

selenur

Further reading

• “-ur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025

Icelandic

Etymology 1

From Old Norse -r.

Suffix

-ur

1. forms the comparative of some adverbs (with i-mutation whenever possible)

   ‎skammt (“short, shortly”) + ‎-ur → ‎skemur (“shorter”)

   ‎lengi (“long”) + ‎-ur → ‎lengur (“longer”)

   betur (“better”, irregular comparative of vel (“well”))

   heldur (“rather”, irregular comparative of gjarnan (“gladly”))

   síður (“less”, irregular comparative of varla (“hardly”))

Etymology 2

From Old Norse -r (nominative singular ending for i-, u-, masculine a-stems, and masculine consonant stem nouns, as well as most masculine adjectives). In turn, the Old Norse endings all stem from Proto-Indo-European *-s, a general-purpose masculine/feminine singular nominative ending.

Suffix

-ur

2. nominative singular ending of most strong masculine nouns

   fiskur m (“fish”); bolur m (“t-shirt”); skattur m (“tax”)

4. nominative singular ending of a few strong feminine nouns

   brúður f (“bride”); langreyður f (“fin whale”); hildur f (“battle”)

6. nominative singular masculine strong ending of most adjectives

   hægur (“slow”); ragur (“cowardly”); virkur (“active”)

Etymology 3

From Old Norse -r (genitive singular and nominative/accusative plural of consonant stem nouns).

Suffix

-ur

1. genitive singular ending of a few strong feminine; triggers i-mutation of some preceding vowels

   ‎nótt f (“night”) + ‎-ur → ‎nætur (“of night”) (with i-mutation)

   ‎mjólk f (“milk”) + ‎-ur → ‎mjólkur (“of milk”)

2. nominative/accusative masculine plural ending of a few strong masculine and feminine nouns; triggers i-mutation of some preceding vowels

   ‎tönn f (“tooth”) + ‎-ur → ‎tennur (“teeth”) (with i-mutation of preceding underlying a)

   ‎fótur m (“foot”) + ‎-ur → ‎fætur (“feet”) (with i-mutation)

4. nominative/accusative masculine plural ending of a few weak masculine stem nouns; triggers i-mutation of some preceding vowels

   Synonym: -a (weak masculine accusative plural)

   ‎nemandi m (“student”) + ‎-ur → ‎nemendur (“students”) (with i-mutation)

   ‎bóndi m (“farmer”) + ‎-ur → ‎bændur (“farmers”) (with i-mutation)

Etymology 4

From Old Norse -ur (weak feminine nominative and accusative plural ending).

Suffix

-ur

1. indefinite nominative/accusative plural of -a f (most weak feminine nouns)

   ‎kona f (“woman”) + ‎-ur → ‎konur (“women”)

   ‎taska f (“bag”) + ‎-ur → ‎töskur (“bags”) (with u-mutation)

Etymology 5

From Old Norse -r (2nd and 3rd person singular present indicative ending of strong verbs and class 1 weak long-stem verbs).

Suffix

-ur

1. second/third-person singular present indicative of -a / -ja (strong verbs and some weak verbs)

   ‎leika (“to play”, strong verb) + ‎-ur → ‎leikur (“(you) play, (he/she/it) plays”)

   ‎skilja (“to understand”, weak verb) + ‎-ur → ‎skilur (“(you) understand, (he/she/it) understands”)

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from English -ure, from Middle English -ure, from Old French -ure, from Latin -tūra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [-o(r)]
• Hyphenation: -ur

Suffix

-ur (Jawi spelling ـور)

1. -ure.

   struktur ― structure

   dentur ― denture

Derived terms

Malay terms suffixed with -ur

struktur

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-ur

1. alternative form of -our

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ur

1. alternative form of -ure

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• -or
• -er

Suffix

-ur

1. (obsolete) Used to form plural indefinite forms for weak feminine nouns

Old French

Alternative forms

• -our (later Anglo-Norman)

Suffix

-ur

1. (early Anglo-Norman) alternative form of -or (suffix indicating an agent noun)

Old High German

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Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-az, when stressed.

Suffix

-ur m (noun)

1. Suffix variant found on masculine a-stem nouns

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *-urъ

Polish -ur

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-urъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ur/
• Rhymes: -ur
• Syllabification: -ur

Suffix

-ur m pers or m animal

1. Forms masculine nouns

   ‎wilczy + ‎-ur → ‎wilczur

Declension

Animal:

Declension of -ur

	singular	plural
nominative	-ur	-ury
genitive	-ura	-urów
dative	-urowi	-urom
accusative	-ura	-ury
instrumental	-urem	-urami
locative	-urze	-urach
vocative	-urze	-ury

Personal:

Declension of -ur

	singular	plural
nominative	-ur	-urzy/-ury (deprecative)
genitive	-ura	-urów
dative	-urowi	-urom
accusative	-ura	-urów
instrumental	-urem	-urami
locative	-urze	-urach
vocative	-urze	-urzy

Derived terms

Polish terms suffixed with -ur

bączur

Chodur

dzięciur

paszczur

piechur

psiur

szkodur

wilczur

wsiur

Swedish

Suffix

-ur

1. -ure; making an art or profession from an occupation, e.g. arkitekt (“architect”) → arkitektur (“architecture”)

Derived terms

Swedish terms suffixed with -ur

arkitektur