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-ed
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ed"
English
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (in verbs, past participles, and some denominal adjectives):
- (other denominal adjectives, archaic or poetic elsewhere):
Etymology 1
From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending), Low German -de (“-ed”, first and third person singular past indicative ending), Dutch -d (“-ed”), German -t (“-ed”), Swedish -ade (“-ed”), Icelandic -aði (“-ed”).
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
- live + -ed → lived
- Once upon a time a little princess lived with her mother in a lonely castle.
- Jose phoned five minutes ago.
Translations
past tense
|
Etymology 2
From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ed.
Suffix
-ed
Etymology 3
From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Cognate with Latin -ātus (whence also a doublet -ate).
Suffix
-ed
- Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
- As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun pairs.
- red + hair + -ed → red-haired
- left + hand + -ed → left-handed
- two + prong(s) + -ed → two-pronged
Derived terms
Translations
having an object
See also
Anagrams
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Breton
Etymology
Suffix
-ed
Derived terms
German
Etymology
Suffix
-ed (sometimes proscribed)
- alternative form of -t used in verbs borrowed from English:
- To form past participles.
- downloaden + -ed → gedownloaded
- (nonstandard) To form the third-person singular.
- bashen + -ed → sie bashed
- To form past participles.
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (possessive suffix).
Suffix
-ed
- (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular, single possession)
Usage notes
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
Etymology 2
From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (personal suffix).
Suffix
-ed
- (personal suffix) Forms the definite second-person singular indicative present of verbs.
Usage notes
- (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.
Present tense definite – personal endings
Etymology 3
From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (fraction-forming and verb-forming suffix).
Suffix
-ed
- (fraction-forming suffix) -th (added to a cardinal number to form a fraction)
- (frequentative verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb to indicate repetitive action. No longer productive.
- szenved (“to suffer”)
Usage notes
- (fraction-forming suffix) Variants:
- (frequentative suffix) Variants:
- -d is found only in a few words as an obscured suffix
- -od is added to back-vowel words
- tapod (“to tread on something”)
- -ad is added to back-vowel words
- -ed is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- szenved (“to suffer”)
- -öd is added to rounded front-vowel words
- bököd (“to repeatedly poke at something”)
Derived terms
See also
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Ido
Etymology
From French -ée, Italian -ata, Spanish -ada, ultimately from Latin -atus.
Suffix
-ed
Derived terms
Category Ido terms suffixed with -ed not found
Middle English
Etymology 1
Suffix
-ed
- Forms the past participle of weak verbs.
Alternative forms
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ed
- alternative form of -hede
References
- “-(e)d, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Suffix
-ed
Etymology 2
Suffix
-ed
Old Irish
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ed
- slender form of -ad
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin -ēte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of second conjugation verbs).
Suffix
-ed
Swedish
Suffix
-ed c
See also
- ed (“isthmus”)
Welsh
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