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-ed

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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English

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (-ed, first person singular past indicative ending), Low German -de (-ed, first and third person singular past indicative ending), Dutch -d (-ed), German -t (-ed), Swedish -ade (-ed), Icelandic -aði (-ed).

Suffix

-ed

  1. Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
    live + -edlived
    Once upon a time a little princess lived with her mother in a lonely castle.
    Jose phoned five minutes ago.
Translations

Etymology 2

    From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ed.

    Suffix

    -ed

    1. Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.
      point + -edpointed
      He has pointed at the dog.

    Etymology 3

    From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Cognate with Latin -ātus (whence also a doublet -ate).

    Suffix

    -ed

    1. Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
      Antonym: -less
      point + -edpointed
      horn + -edhorned
      hoof + -edhooved
    2. As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun pairs.
      red + hair + -edred-haired
      left + hand + -edleft-handed
      two + prong(s) + -edtwo-pronged
    Derived terms
    Translations

    See also

    Anagrams

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    Breton

    Etymology

    Cognate to Cornish -es.

    Suffix

    -ed

    1. Suffix denoting plural of certain nouns
      kazhez (female cat) + -edkazhezed (female cats)

    Derived terms

    German

    Etymology

    Borrowed from English -ed (past participle suffix).

    Suffix

    -ed (sometimes proscribed)

    1. alternative form of -t used in verbs borrowed from English:
      1. To form past participles.
        downloaden + -edgedownloaded
      2. (nonstandard) To form the third-person singular.
        bashen + -edsie bashed

    Hungarian

    Pronunciation

    Etymology 1

    From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (possessive suffix).

    Suffix

    -ed

    1. (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular, single possession)
      kert (garden) + -edkerted (your (singular, informal) garden)
      Megbízol engem a kerted gondozásával?Will you entrust me with the care of your garden?
    Usage notes
    • (possessive suffix) Variants:
      -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
      -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

    Etymology 2

    From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (personal suffix).

    Suffix

    -ed

    1. (personal suffix) Forms the definite second-person singular indicative present of verbs.
      fest (to paint) + -edfested (you paint [him/her/it], you are painting [him/her/it])
      Mikor fested a kerítést?When do you paint the fence?
    Usage notes
    • (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.

    Etymology 3

    From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (fraction-forming and verb-forming suffix).

    Suffix

    -ed

    1. (fraction-forming suffix) -th (added to a cardinal number to form a fraction)
      ezer (thousand) + -edezred (thousandth)
    2. (frequentative verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb to indicate repetitive action. No longer productive.
      szenved (to suffer)
    Usage notes
    • (fraction-forming suffix) Variants:
      -d is added to words ending in a vowel
      -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -od is added to some other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -ed is added to unrounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
      -öd is added to rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    • (frequentative suffix) Variants:
      -d is found only in a few words as an obscured suffix
      mond (to say, tell), kezd (to begin)
      -od is added to back-vowel words
      tapod (to tread on something)
      -ad is added to back-vowel words
      -ed is added to unrounded front-vowel words
      szenved (to suffer)
      -öd is added to rounded front-vowel words
      bököd (to repeatedly poke at something)
    Derived terms

    See also

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    Ido

    Etymology

    From French -ée, Italian -ata, Spanish -ada, ultimately from Latin -atus.

    Suffix

    -ed

    1. contents of, -ful.
      manuo (hand) + -edmanuedo (handful)

    Derived terms

    Category Ido terms suffixed with -ed not found

    Middle English

    Etymology 1

      Suffix

      -ed

      1. Forms the past participle of weak verbs.
      Alternative forms

      Etymology 2

        Suffix

        -ed

        1. alternative form of -hede

        References

        Old English

        Pronunciation

        Etymology 1

        Suffix

        -ed

        1. Used to form the past participle of class I weak verbs
          fremman (to perform) + -edfremed (performed)

        Etymology 2

        Suffix

        -ed

        1. alternative form of -od
          æppel (apple) + -edæppled (apple-shaped)

        Old Irish

        Pronunciation

        Suffix

        -ed

        1. slender form of -ad

        Spanish

        Etymology

        From Latin -ēte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of second conjugation verbs).

        Suffix

        -ed

        1. used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -er verbs
          comer (to eat) + -ed¡Comed! (Eat!)

        Swedish

        Suffix

        -ed c

        More information Examples ...
        1. (place-names) path between or along water
          Synonym: -eda

        See also

        • ed (isthmus)

        Welsh

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