dus

See also: Appendix:Variations of "dus"

Translingual

Symbol

dus

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Dumi.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Dumi terms

Catalan

Verb

dus

1. second-person singular present indicative of dur

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdus]

Verb

dus

1. second-person singular imperative of dusit

Danish

Etymology

From the pronoun du, under the influence of the obsolete verb duse (“to address informally”), which was borrowed from German duzen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈd̥us]

Adjective

dus (uninflected)

1. (largely historical) in a relationship that would warrant use of the informal du, as opposed to the formal De
2. (by extension) familiar with
   • 2016, Gustav Wied, Livsens ondskab, Lindhardt og Ringhof, →ISBN:

     Men Landbruget? spurgte Degnen, der jo havde været Dus med Vorherre i femogtyve Aar, baade Hellig og Søgn og derfor tog ham med forholdsvis Ro

     But the farming? the deacon asked, who, as is known, has been intimate with our lord in twenty-five years, on the holidays as on the everydays, and who therefore took him with relative calm

   • 2016, Lars Daneskov, Far på færde, Politikens Forlag, →ISBN:

     Jeg kender mænd, der i perioder har kunnet samtlige tilbud i TV-Shop udenad og været dus med hovedpersonerne i enhver australsk sitcom sendt på en kabelkanal om natten.

     I know men who, in periods, have known all offers in TV-Shop by rote and been highly familiar with the protagonists in each Australian sitcom sent on a cable-channel in the night.

   • 1982, Det Danske bogmarked:

     De fleste af vore seriøse forlag er eller har været mere end dus med begrebet.

     Most of our serious publishers are or have been more than familiar with the concept.

   • 2011, Jesper Kaae, Gratis CMS med Joomla (2. udg), Libris Media A/S, →ISBN, page 81:

     Og faktisk skal du også helst være dus med et billedredigeringsprogram som f. eks. Photoshop.

     And in fact, you should, preferably, be familiar with an image editor like Photoshop.

Usage notes

The formal De is all but abandoned outside of certain very impersonal contexts, and using du is never rude.

Adverb

dus

1. in the phrase drikke dus, "to introduce an informal relationship".

Coordinate terms

• Des

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch dos, dus, from Old Dutch thus, from Proto-West Germanic *þus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʏs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: dus
• Rhymes: -ʏs

Adverb

dus

1. so, therefore, thus, ergo

Usage notes

Dus is an unusual adverb in that it does not trigger mandatory inversion when it is placed at the front of a clause, instead inversion is optional: dus zij is beter and dus is zij beter are both correct as fronted variants of zij is dus beter.

Derived terms

• dusdanig
• dusver

Descendants

• Afrikaans: dus
• → Indonesian: dus
• → Sranan Tongo: dùs
  • → Caribbean Javanese: dhes

Fala

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese dos, equivalent to de (“of”) +‎ us (masculine plural definite article).

Alternative forms

• dos (Mañegu)

Contraction

dus m pl (singular du, feminine da, feminine plural das)

1. (Lagarteiru, Valverdeñu) of the

Etymology 2

Numeral

dus f (masculine dois)

1. (Lagarteiru) apocopic form of dúas (“two”)

Usage notes

• In Lagarteiru, this apocopic form is used in place of dúas when preceding a feminine plural noun as part of a noun phrase.

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 30
• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 119

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dy/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

• Audio (Canada (Shawinigan)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Brétigny-sur-Orge)):

  (file)

• Audio (France (Vosges)):

  (file)

Verb

dus

1. first/second-person singular past historic of devoir

Participle

dus m pl

1. masculine plural of dû

Anagrams

• sud

German

Alternative forms

• du's

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duːs/
• Hyphenation: dus

Contraction

dus

1. contraction of du +‎ es
   • 1843, Brothers Grimm, “Der Froschkönig oder der eiserne Heinrich”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 1‎, 5th edition, pages 3–4:

     „Königstochter, jüngste, mach mir auf, weißt du nicht was gestern du zu mir gesagt bei dem kühlen Brunnenwasser? Königstochter, jüngste, mach mir auf.“ Da sagte der König „hast dus versprochen, so mußt dus auch halten; geh nur und mach ihm auf.“

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Guinea-Bissau Creole cardinal numbers

<  1	2	3  >
Cardinal : dus

Etymology

From Portuguese dois. Cognate with Kabuverdianu dos.

Numeral

dus

1. two (2)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈdus/ [ˈdʊs]
• Rhymes: -us
• Syllabification: dus

Etymology 1

From Dutch doos. Doublet of dosis.

Alternative forms

• dos (colloquial)

Noun

dus

1. box (a cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container)

   Synonyms: boks, kardus

Etymology 2

From Dutch dus (“thus”).

Particle

dus

1. (old-fashioned, now rare) thus, so

   Synonyms: demikian, jadi, maka, mangka

Etymology 3

From Dutch douche. Doublet of douche.

Noun

dus

1. (colloquial, rare) shower (a device for bathing by which water is made to fall on the body from a height)

   Synonym: pancuran

Further reading

• “dus”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Javanese

Romanization

dus

1. romanization of ꦢꦸꦱ꧀