de

See also: Appendix:Variations of "de"

Languages (96)

Translingual • English

---

Ahtna • Albanian • Alemannic German • Asturian • Bambara • Basque • Bavarian • Catalan • Cebuano • Central Franconian • Cimbrian • Cornish • Dalmatian • Danish • Dutch • Esperanto • Fala • Faroese • French • Galician • Haitian Creole • Hungarian • Hunsrik • Ido • Indonesian • Interlingua • Irish • Italian • Jamaican Creole • Japanese • Jersey Dutch • Ladin • Ladino • Latin • Ligurian • Lombard • Louisiana Creole • Low German • Luxembourgish • Mandarin • Mauritian Creole • Middle Dutch • Middle English • Middle French • Mirandese • Mòcheno • Norn • North Frisian • Northern Kurdish • Northern Ndebele • Northern Sami • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Nupe • Occitan • Old French • Old Galician-Portuguese • Old Irish • Old Occitan • Old Spanish • Papuan Malay • Pennsylvania German • Phalura • Polish • Portuguese • Romanian • Romansch • Sardinian • Saterland Frisian • Scottish Gaelic • Serbo-Croatian • Seychellois Creole • Southern Ndebele • Spanish • Sranan Tongo • Swedish • Tabaru • Tagalog • Tarantino • Tok Pisin • Turkish • Volapük • Welsh • West Frisian • West Makian • Wyandot • Xhosa • Ye'kwana • Yoruba • Zande • Zealandic • Zhuang • Zulu • ǃKung

---

Page categories

Translingual

English Wikipedia has an article on:

de

Wikipedia

Etymology 1

Clipping of German Deutsch.

Symbol

de

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for German.

   Coordinate term: deu

Etymology 2

From French de.

Symbol

de

1. (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ).

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!

Noun

de (plural des)

1. The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• dee (Northumberland)

Pronunciation

• (Northumbria) IPA^(key): /diː/
  • (interrogative) IPA^(key): /dɪ/
  • (interrogative, before a vowel) IPA^(key): /dɪv/
• Rhymes: -iː

Verb

de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)

1. (Northumbria) Alternative form of dee (“to do”).

References

• Frank Graham, editor (1987), “DE”, in The New Geordie Dictionary, Rothbury, Northumberland: Butler Publishing, →ISBN.
• Scott Dobson, Dick Irwin, “de”, in Newcastle 1970s: Durham & Tyneside Dialect Group‎, archived from the original on 5 September 2024.
• Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
• Bill Griffiths, editor (2004), “de”, in A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear: Northumbria University Press, →ISBN.

Etymology 3

Article

de

1. (African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.
   • 1964 [1929], William Faulkner, Sartoris (The Collected Works of William Faulkner), London: Chatto & Windus, page 22:

     “He went to’ds de back, ma’am.” The negro opened the door and slid his legs, clad in army O.D. and a pair of linoleum putties, to the ground. “‘I’ll go git ’im.”’

   • 2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun‎, archived from the original on 12 December 2022:

     So I'll prolly say de biggest threat to Bermy is de new selfish mentality like, she ank helpin no one in de end.

Etymology 4

Interjection

de

1. A meaningless unstressed syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.

   “Dum de dum, dum de dum”, he hummed as he sauntered down the road.

Etymology 5

Borrowed from French de (“of”).

Preposition

de

1. (historical) Used in the titles of French nobility; of.
   • 2009 November 5, Alex von Tunzelmann, “The Affair of the Necklace: nothing to get hot under the collar over”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian‎, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 10 June 2023:

     Conwoman Jeanne de La Motte stole a 2,800-carat diamond necklace, The Slave's Collar, by convincing the Cardinal de Rohan that Queen Marie-Antoinette wanted it.

   • 2014, Alina García-Lapuerta, La Belle Créole: The Cuban Countess Who Captivated Havana, Madrid, and Paris, Chicago, I.L.: Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, page 236:

     When Prosper Mérimée had next seen Mercedes after Spain, in March 1846, he told the Countess de Montijo that Mercedes "looked less well preserved [and] limped a little."

References

• “de, prep.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Anagrams

• ed, Ed, E.D., Ed., ED, ed-, -èd, -ed, ed., @ed

Ahtna

Postposition

de

1. reflexive form of -e

Albanian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish ده (de).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈde/
• Rhymes: -e

Interjection

de

1. Denotes intensity, often after imperatives or some adverbs.

   Fol de! ― Speak!

   • 1685, Pjetër Bogdani, Cuneus Prophetarum, NT 3.3.5, page 118:

     Deh pra ho i permpcattenuem sodit IESV CHRISCNE mbè Crȣjt, […]

     [Deh pra o i përmpkatënuem sodit Jezu Krishnë mbë Kryjt, ...]

     Well then o sinner, look at Jesus Christ on the Cross, […]

2. Spurs a horse to move: giddyup

Alternative forms

• deh — archaic

Related terms

• hajde

References

• FGJSSH (1980), page 297b: “de”; Mann (1948), page 68b: “dé”
• Çabej SEFSH, vol. 3, page 177ab: “de”; DPEWA, “de”
• Bashkimi (1908), page 81b: “de”; Rossi (1875), page 254b: “deh”

Etymology 2

Ultimately from Latin deus.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

de m (definite deu) (Arvanitika)

1. God

Derived terms

• deuri

References

• Mann (1948), page 68b: “dé”
• Meyer (1891), page 62: “de”

Etymology 3

Preposition

de (Arvanitika)

1. alternative form of te

References

• Mann (1948), page 68b: “dé”

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• der (preconsonantic & prevocalic)
• der (prevocalic, besides preconsonantic de)
• d'r, dr (Bern)

Article

de

1. (definite) the
   • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:

     [...] Fründ der Natur [...]

   • 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30:

     [...]; der erst und de zweit Stock [...]

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5:

     [...] so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13:

     [...] wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34:

     [...] i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der [...]

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52:

     Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
     Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.

   • Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23:

     Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; [...]

Declension

Zürich:

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	de der (before a vowel)	die, d', d'-	's (at the beginning of a sentence or verse: S')	de, d'
Genitive		der
Dative	dem	der, de	dem	de
Accusative	de der (before a vowel)	de, d', d'-	's	d', d'-

Thurgau:

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	de (before a consonant, including h) der (before a vowel, also before h)	die, de, d'-	das, 's	die, d'-
Genitive	des	der	des	der
Dative	dem	der	dem	de (before a consonant) den (before a vowel)
Accusative	de (before a consonant) der (before a vowel) den (before a vowel, less common)	die, de, d'-	das, 's	d'-

Asturian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin dē

Asturian de

Inherited from Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of; from

Usage notes

• The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (“of Asturias”), d'hermanu (“of a brother”).

Derived terms

• d'
• del

Bambara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dè]

Particle

de

1. emphatic particle (placed directly after the word it modifies)

   A ma i wele. A ye ne de wele

   He didn't call you. It was me that called

References

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

Basque

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/ [d̪e]
• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: de

Noun

de inan

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Declension

Declension of de (inan V-stem)

	indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive	de	dea	deak	deok
ergative	dek	deak	deek	deok
dative	deri	deari	deei	deoi
genitive	deren	dearen	deen	deon
comitative	derekin	dearekin	deekin	deokin
causative	derengatik	dearengatik	deengatik	deongatik
benefactive	derentzat	dearentzat	deentzat	deontzat
instrumental	dez	deaz	deez	deotaz
innesive	detan	dean	deetan	deotan
locative	detako	deko	deetako	deotako
allative	detara	dera	deetara	deotara
terminative	detaraino	deraino	deetaraino	deotaraino
directive	detarantz	derantz	deetarantz	deotarantz
destinative	detarako	derako	deetarako	deotarako
ablative	detatik	detik	deetatik	deotatik
partitive	derik	—	—	—
prolative	detzat	—	—	—

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) a, be, ze, de, e, efe, ge, hatxe, i, jota, ka, ele, eme, ene, eñe, o, pe, ku, erre, ese, te, u, uve, uve bikoitz, ixa, i greko, zeta

Further reading

• “de”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
• “de”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005

Bavarian

Alternative forms

• d' (unstressed form)

Etymology

Cognate with German German die.

Article

de

1. stressed nominative/accusative singular feminine of der
2. stressed nominative/accusative/dative plural of der

See also

Bavarian articles

		singular						plural
		masculine		neuter		feminine
		stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
definite	nominative	der, da	—	das, es, des	's	de	d'	de	d'
	accusative	en, den	'n
	dative	em, dem	'm	em, dem	'm	der, da	—
	genitive1	des		des		der, da		der, da
indefinite	nominative	a	—	a	—	a	—	—
	accusative	an	'n
	dative	am	'm	am	'm	a, ana	'na

¹ higher, formal register

Pronoun

de

1. she, her (accusative)
2. they, them

Synonyms

• se

See also

Bavarian personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative
		stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1st person singular		i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2nd person singular	informal	du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
	formal	Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
	n	es, des	's	des	's
	f	se, de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1st person plural		mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2nd person plural		eß, ihr	—	enk, eich	—	enk, eich	—
3rd person plural		se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

Catalan

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈde]

Noun

de f (plural des)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin dē.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [də]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [de]

Preposition

de (before vowel or h d')

1. of; from

Further reading

• “de”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Etymology 3

Verb

de

1. inflection of dar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Cebuano

Etymology

From Spanish de.

Preposition

de

1. (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)

   hopia de Cebu

   Cebu's hopia or hopia of/from Cebu

   Isabel biyuda de Cortes

   Isabel widow of Cortes

Related terms

• del, dela

Central Franconian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/

Article

de (definite, reduced)

1. the
   1. (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
   2. (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
   3. (many dialects) plural dative
   4. (some dialects) masculine nominative
   5. (some dialects) masculine accusative
   6. (few dialects) feminine dative

Usage notes

• (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.

1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always dä.

2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.

3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).

• (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or dä.
• (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
• Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.

Declension

General definite article

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	de (some dialects, also some Ripuarian dialects; reduced) der (some Ripuarian dialects; reduced) dä (Ripuarian; full)	de (most dialects; reduced) die (most dialects; full)		de (most dialects; reduced) die (most dialects; full)
genitive
dative		de (few dialects; reduced) dä (Ripuarian; full) där (Moselle Franconian; full)		de (many dialects; reduced) dä (some Ripuarian dialects; full)
accusative	de (some dialects; reduced) dä (Ripuarian; full)	de (most dialects; reduced) die (most dialects; full)		de (most dialects; reduced) die (most dialects; full)

Ripuarian (scientific transcription by Münich with ę [ɛ] and ꝛ ⁠[ʁ⁠])

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	dę	de	ət	de
genitive	dęs (rare)
dative	dęm	dę(ꝛ)	dęm	dę̄
accusative	dę	de	ət	de

Ripuarian demonstrative pronoun

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	dę̄ꝛ	dē	dat	dē
genitive			des
dative	dęm	dęꝛ	dęm	m or f dęǹə n (fan) dęǹə
accusative	dę̄ (dęǹə)	dē	dat	dē

Ripuarian → Kölsch (as actually used)

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	der, de, dä	die, de	dat, et, -'t	die, de
genitive	des	der	des	der
dative	dem	der	dem	den
accusative	den, dä	die, de	dat, et, -'t	die, de

Quotations

• 1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, p. 34:

  Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
  Verzällt imm dä ganzen Hergang der Saach.

Derived terms

• em (en dem)

References

• Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Verlag von Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1904, p. 138f. & 163f.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• di (Luserna)

Article

de

1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
   1. nominative singular feminine
   2. accusative singular feminine
   3. nominative plural

      De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.

      The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.

   4. accusative plural

See also

Cimbrian definite articles

	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	dar	de / di	's / z	de / di
accusative	in	de / di	's / z	de / di
dative	me	dar	me	in

References

• “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974), Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Cornish

Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish de, from Old Cornish doy, glossed in Vocabularium Cornicum as heri. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyés. Cognate with Latin heri, Welsh doe, French hier, Sanskrit ह्यस् (hyas), etc.

Adverb

de (triggers soft mutation)

1. yesterday

Antonyms

• a-vorow (“tomorrow”)

Derived terms

• de vyttin (“yesterday morning”)
• degynsywa (“to impend”)
• degynsywek (“impending”)
• dygynsete (“on the day before yesterday”)

Mutation

Mutation of de

unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
de	dhe	unchanged	te	te	te

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

Noun

de

1. soft mutation of te

Dalmatian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Latin dē

Dalmatian de

Inherited from Latin dē.

Preposition

de

1. of

Related terms

• dei

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai. Usage of this word as a gender-neutral third-person singular pronoun is a semantic loan from English they.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /di/, [d̥i]
• Rhymes: -i

Article

de pl

1. plural definite article

   de grønne huse

   the green houses

See also

• den (common gender singular)
• det (neuter gender singular)

Pronoun

de (as a personal pronoun, it has the forms dem in the oblique case and deres in the genitive; as a determiner, it is uninflected)

1. (personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)
2. (personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)
3. (determiner) those

   De kager smager ikke godt.

   Those cakes taste not good.

   • 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90

     De huse er meget store, både som sommerhuse og som helårshuse for de gamle hvis de flytter tilbage som pensionister uden børnene.

     Those houses are very large, both as summerhouses and all-year-houses for the old people, if they move back, being retired, without their children.

   • 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN

     De borde var normalt forbeholdt VIP'erne og arrangørerne.

     Those tables were usually reserved for the VIP's and the arrangers.

See also

Danish personal pronouns

Number	Person	Type	Nominative	Oblique	Possessive
					common	neuter	plural
Singular	First	–	jeg	mig	min	mit	mine
	Second	modern / informal	du	dig	din	dit	dine
		formal (uncommon)	De	Dem	Deres
	Third	masculine (person)	han	ham	hans
		feminine (person)	hun	hende	hendes
		common (noun)	den		dens
		neuter (noun)	det		dets
		indefinite	man	en	ens
		reflexive	–	sig	sin	sit	sine
Plural	First	modern	vi	os	vores
		archaic / formal			vor	vort	vore
	Second	–	I	jer	jeres
	Third	–	de	dem	deres
		reflexive	–	sig

Dutch

Etymology

An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /də/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: de
• Rhymes: -ə

Article

de (neuter het, indefinite een)

1. the; definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural

   De man ― The man (masculine singular)

   De vrouw ― The woman (feminine singular)

   Het boek ― The book (neuter singular)

   De boeken ― The books (neuter plural)

   De oude man en de zee. ― The old man and the sea.

Usage notes

• Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.

Declension

Dutch definite article

	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	de	de	het	de
genitive1	des	der	des	der
dative1	den	der	den	den
accusative1	den	de	het	de
1) Archaic

• There is also the clitic form 's for des. The oblique cases are archaic and found in contemporary Dutch only in fixed idiomatic phrases (e.g., op den duur or des ochtends).

Derived terms

• degene
• dewelke
• dezelfde

Descendants

• Afrikaans: die
• Berbice Creole Dutch: di
• Jersey Dutch: de
• Skepi Creole Dutch: di, de, the

Preposition

de

1. (informal, in restricted contexts, mostly with "man") per

   Ze namen drie biertjes de man. ― They took three beers per person.

   We betaalden vijftien euro de neus. ― We paid fifteen euros per person.

See also

• dé
• een
• het

Anagrams

• e.d.

Esperanto

Etymology

From Latin dē, French de, Spanish de.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /de/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -e
• Hyphenation: de

Preposition

de

1. from

   Mi ne aĉetas ion ajn de ĉi tiu vendejo!

   I don't buy anything at all from this store!

2. of, possessed by

   La aŭto de Davido estas nigra.

   David's car is black.

3. done, written or composed by

   Synonyms: far, fare de

   Ĉu vi havas esperantan tradukon de Drakulo de Bram Stoker?

   Do you have an Esperanto translation of Dracula by Bram Stoker?

   La viro estis mordita de hundo.

   The man was bitten by a dog.

Fala

Etymology

Etymology tree

Old Galician-Portuguese de

Fala de

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese de. Cognate with Portuguese de.

Preposition

de

1. of
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:

     Español falan millós de persoas.

     Millions of people speak Spanish.

Usage notes

• When followed by the articles u/o, a, us/os, as; it contracts to du/do, da, dus/dos, das respectively.

References

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 105

Faroese

Noun

de n (genitive singular des, plural de)

1. The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.

Declension

n4	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	de	deið	de	deini
accusative	de	deið	de	deini
dative	de, dei	denum	deum	deunum
genitive	des	desins	dea	deanna

See also

• (Latin-script letter names) bókstavur; a / fyrra a, á, be, de, edd, e, eff, ge, há, i / fyrra i, í / fyrra í, jodd, ká, ell, emm, enn, o, ó, pe, err, ess, te, u, ú, ve, seinna i, seinna í, seinna a, ø