est

See also: Est, EST, êst, èst, əʂt, ēst, -est, est., and Est.

Languages (24)

Translingual • English

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Aromanian • Catalan • Cornish • Corsican • Danish • Elfdalian • French • Hungarian • Italian • Latin • Ligurian • Middle English • Middle French • Norman • Old English • Old French • Old Norse • Romanian • Sardinian • Scots • Swedish • Welsh

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Estonian or abbreviation of Estonian eesti.

Symbol

est

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Estonian.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Estonian terms

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛst/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛst

Etymology 1

From Middle English este, from Old English ēst (“will, consent, favour”), from Proto-West Germanic *ansti, from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *ān- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h₃neh₂- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”).

Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”).

Alternative forms

• este

Noun

est (usually uncountable, plural ests)

1. (obsolete) Grace; favour.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• est.

Adjective

est (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of established.

   Acme Manufacturing Inc., est 1952

   • 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits, page 49:

     Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker

Derived terms

• re-est

Etymology 3

Alternative forms

• EST, Est

Proper noun

est

1. Initialism of Erhard Seminars Training, a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.

Anagrams

• tes, Tse, StE, set, TSE, Set, seṭ, ETS, STE, tse, ETs, TEs, Ste, Ste., SET

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• hiu, escu

Verb

est (third-person singular esti, participle fute)

1. to be

Conjugation

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	Please see the discussion on Requests for cleanup(+) or the talk page for more information and remove this template after the problem has been dealt with.

past participle			fute
singular				plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
	mini	tini	nes, nese, el	noi	voi	nesh, nesi, ei / eyi, eli
present	est	esht	esti	him	hits	sent

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈest]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. east

   Synonyms: orient, llevant

   a l'est del país

   in the east of the country

See also

compass points: punts cardinals:  ^[edit]

nord-oest nord-occidental	nord septentrional	nord-est nord-oriental
oest occidental		est oriental
sud-oest sud-occidental	sud meridional	sud-est sud-oriental

Further reading

• “est”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “est”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “est” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “est” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Etymology

From English east.

Noun

est m

1. east

Synonyms

• howldrehevel
• howldrevel

Antonyms

• gorlewin
• howlsedhes
• west

Derived terms

• north-est (“north-east”)
• soth-est (“south-east”)

Corsican

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɛst/
• Hyphenation: est

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. alternative form of este

References

• “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse est, from Proto-Germanic *izi, with addition of -t from the preterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₁ési, cognate with Latin es, Ancient Greek εἶ (eî), Sanskrit असि (ási).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɛsd̥]

Verb

est

1. (archaic) present tense second-person singular of være (“(thou) art”)
   • 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19:

     Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...

     Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thou art not present: ...

   • 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND, Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page 152:

     Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!

     I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thou art become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!

Elfdalian

Etymology

From Old Norse hestr, from Proto-Germanic *hanhistaz, an alternative form of *hangistaz. Compare Danish hest.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /esːt/

Noun

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est m

1. horse

Declension

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Declension of est

masculine	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	est	estn	ester	estär
accusative	est	estn	esta	estą
dative	este	estem	estum	estum(e)
genitive	-	estemes	-	estumes

French

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old French, from Old English ēast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛst/
• Rhymes: -ɛst

Adjective

est (invariable)

1. east

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. east

Synonyms

• orient, levant

Derived terms

• Grand Est
• heure normale de l'est

Descendants

• → Asturian: este
• → Catalan: est
• → Corsican: este, est
• → Galician: leste
• → Italian: est
• → Occitan: èst
• → Portuguese: este, leste
• → Romanian: est
• → Spanish: este

Etymology 2

Inherited from Middle French est, from Old French est, from Latin est, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti. Next to Jésus-Christ, it is the only word in which silent internal s remains in modern French spelling. The expected form êt existed, but did not establish itself, in contrast to être and êtes. Possible reasons are the sheer frequency of est, its exact agreement with the Latin form, and the fact that it was usually unstressed and thus shortened.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɛ/, /e/, (in liaison) /ɛ.t‿/ ~ /e.t‿/
• Homophones: aie, aies, aient, ais, ait, es (general), haie, haies, hais, hait (aspirated)

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of être

   C'est une belle journée aujourd’hui qui fait un bien fou !

   It is a beautiful day today, which does a world of good!

   Il me semble bien que je n'ai aucune obligation à les accompagner, n'est-ce pas?

   It seems to me that I have no obligation to accompany them, no?

   Elle est allée me voir quotidiennement à l'hôpital.

   She went to see me daily at the hospital.

Alternative forms

• êt (obsolete)

Derived terms

• c'est

Further reading

• “est”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• set, Ste., tes