fodio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *foðjō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰh₂- (“to pierce, dig”) (root possibly lacking e-grade).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔ.di.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔː.d̪i.o]

Verb

fodiō (present infinitive fodere, perfect active fōdī, supine fossum); third conjugation iō-variant

1. (literal) to dig, dig up, dig out; to bury; to dig or clear out the earth from a place; to mine, quarry

   Synonym: effodiō

   ager frugifer, argentum etiam incolae fodiunt ― The soil is fertile, (and) inhabitants dig the silver also

2. (transferred sense, Classical Latin) to prick, prod, pierce, thrust, jab, stab, wound

   Synonyms: trānsfīgō, peragō, fīgō, intrō, trāiciō, percutiō, cōnfodiō, trānsigō

3. (figuratively) to goad, sting, disturb

Conjugation

Note that the present passive infinitive is sometimes written as fodirī instead of fodī.

   Conjugation of fodiō (third conjugation iō-variant)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	fodiō		fodis		fodit		fodimus		foditis		fodiunt
	imperfect	fodiēbam		fodiēbās		fodiēbat		fodiēbāmus		fodiēbātis		fodiēbant
	future	fodiam		fodiēs		fodiet		fodiēmus		fodiētis		fodient
	perfect	fōdī		fōdistī		fōdit		fōdimus		fōdistis		fōdērunt, fōdēre
	pluperfect	fōderam		fōderās		fōderat		fōderāmus		fōderātis		fōderant
	future perfect	fōderō		fōderis		fōderit		fōderimus		fōderitis		fōderint
passive	present	fodior		foderis, fodere		foditur		fodimur		fodiminī		fodiuntur
	imperfect	fodiēbar		fodiēbāris, fodiēbāre		fodiēbātur		fodiēbāmur		fodiēbāminī		fodiēbantur
	future	fodiar		fodiēris, fodiēre		fodiētur		fodiēmur		fodiēminī		fodientur
	perfect	fossus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	fossus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	fossus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	fodiam		fodiās		fodiat		fodiāmus		fodiātis		fodiant
	imperfect	foderem		foderēs		foderet		foderēmus		foderētis		foderent
	perfect	fōderim		fōderīs		fōderit		fōderīmus		fōderītis		fōderint
	pluperfect	fōdissem		fōdissēs		fōdisset		fōdissēmus		fōdissētis		fōdissent
passive	present	fodiar		fodiāris, fodiāre		fodiātur		fodiāmur		fodiāminī		fodiantur
	imperfect	foderer		foderēris, foderēre		foderētur		foderēmur		foderēminī		foderentur
	perfect	fossus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	fossus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		fode		—		—		fodite		—
	future	—		foditō		foditō		—		foditōte		fodiuntō
passive	present	—		fodere		—		—		fodiminī		—
	future	—		foditor		foditor		—		—		fodiuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		fodere			fodī			fodiēns			—
future		fossūrum esse			fossum īrī			fossūrus			fodiendus, fodiundus
perfect		fōdisse			fossum esse			—			fossus
future perfect		—			fossum fore			—			—
perfect potential		fossūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		fodiendī		fodiendō		fodiendum		fodiendō		fossum		fossū

Derived terms

• affodiō
• circumfodiō
• cōnfodiō
• dēfodiō
• effodiō
• fodicō
• fodīna
• fossātum
• fossilis
• fossiō
• fossō
• fossor
• fossōrius
• fossūra
• fossus
• īnfodiō
• interfodiō
• perfodiō
• praefodiō
• suffodiō
• trānsfodiō

Related terms

• fossa
• fossātus
• fossula

Descendants

Descendants

• French: fouir
• Italian: fodire
• Old Occitan: foire
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *fodiare
  • Spanish: hozar
  • >? Italian: foggiare

References

• “fodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fodio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fodio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2025), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• "fodio", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “fodio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 229