|
positive |
negative |
|
| infinitive |
ukufuna |
ukungafuni |
|
|
| imperative |
|
simple |
+ object concord |
| singular |
funa |
-fune |
| plural |
funani |
-funeni |
|
| present |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngiyafuna, ngifuna |
engifunayo, engifuna |
ngifuna |
angifuni |
engingafuni |
ngingafuni |
| 2nd singular |
uyafuna, ufuna |
ofunayo, ofuna |
ufuna |
awufuni |
ongafuni |
ungafuni |
| 1st plural |
siyafuna, sifuna |
esifunayo, esifuna |
sifuna |
asifuni |
esingafuni |
singafuni |
| 2nd plural |
niyafuna, nifuna |
enifunayo, enifuna |
nifuna |
anifuni |
eningafuni |
ningafuni |
| class 1 |
uyafuna, ufuna |
ofunayo, ofuna |
efuna |
akafuni |
ongafuni |
engafuni |
| class 2 |
bayafuna, bafuna |
abafunayo, abafuna |
befuna |
abafuni |
abangafuni |
bengafuni |
| class 3 |
uyafuna, ufuna |
ofunayo, ofuna |
ufuna |
awufuni |
ongafuni |
ungafuni |
| class 4 |
iyafuna, ifuna |
efunayo, efuna |
ifuna |
ayifuni |
engafuni |
ingafuni |
| class 5 |
liyafuna, lifuna |
elifunayo, elifuna |
lifuna |
alifuni |
elingafuni |
lingafuni |
| class 6 |
ayafuna, afuna |
afunayo, afuna |
efuna |
awafuni |
angafuni |
engafuni |
| class 7 |
siyafuna, sifuna |
esifunayo, esifuna |
sifuna |
asifuni |
esingafuni |
singafuni |
| class 8 |
ziyafuna, zifuna |
ezifunayo, ezifuna |
zifuna |
azifuni |
ezingafuni |
zingafuni |
| class 9 |
iyafuna, ifuna |
efunayo, efuna |
ifuna |
ayifuni |
engafuni |
ingafuni |
| class 10 |
ziyafuna, zifuna |
ezifunayo, ezifuna |
zifuna |
azifuni |
ezingafuni |
zingafuni |
| class 11 |
luyafuna, lufuna |
olufunayo, olufuna |
lufuna |
alufuni |
olungafuni |
lungafuni |
| class 14 |
buyafuna, bufuna |
obufunayo, obufuna |
bufuna |
abufuni |
obungafuni |
bungafuni |
| class 15 |
kuyafuna, kufuna |
okufunayo, okufuna |
kufuna |
akufuni |
okungafuni |
kungafuni |
| class 17 |
kuyafuna, kufuna |
okufunayo, okufuna |
kufuna |
akufuni |
okungafuni |
kungafuni |
|
| recent past |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngifunile, ngifunē |
engifunile, engifunē |
ngifunile, ngifunē |
angifunanga |
engingafunanga |
ngingafunanga |
| 2nd singular |
ufunile, ufunē |
ofunile, ofunē |
ufunile, ufunē |
awufunanga |
ongafunanga |
ungafunanga |
| 1st plural |
sifunile, sifunē |
esifunile, esifunē |
sifunile, sifunē |
asifunanga |
esingafunanga |
singafunanga |
| 2nd plural |
nifunile, nifunē |
enifunile, enifunē |
nifunile, nifunē |
anifunanga |
eningafunanga |
ningafunanga |
| class 1 |
ufunile, ufunē |
ofunile, ofunē |
efunile, efunē |
akafunanga |
ongafunanga |
engafunanga |
| class 2 |
bafunile, bafunē |
abafunile, abafunē |
befunile, befunē |
abafunanga |
abangafunanga |
bengafunanga |
| class 3 |
ufunile, ufunē |
ofunile, ofunē |
ufunile, ufunē |
awufunanga |
ongafunanga |
ungafunanga |
| class 4 |
ifunile, ifunē |
efunile, efunē |
ifunile, ifunē |
ayifunanga |
engafunanga |
ingafunanga |
| class 5 |
lifunile, lifunē |
elifunile, elifunē |
lifunile, lifunē |
alifunanga |
elingafunanga |
lingafunanga |
| class 6 |
afunile, afunē |
afunile, afunē |
efunile, efunē |
awafunanga |
angafunanga |
engafunanga |
| class 7 |
sifunile, sifunē |
esifunile, esifunē |
sifunile, sifunē |
asifunanga |
esingafunanga |
singafunanga |
| class 8 |
zifunile, zifunē |
ezifunile, ezifunē |
zifunile, zifunē |
azifunanga |
ezingafunanga |
zingafunanga |
| class 9 |
ifunile, ifunē |
efunile, efunē |
ifunile, ifunē |
ayifunanga |
engafunanga |
ingafunanga |
| class 10 |
zifunile, zifunē |
ezifunile, ezifunē |
zifunile, zifunē |
azifunanga |
ezingafunanga |
zingafunanga |
| class 11 |
lufunile, lufunē |
olufunile, olufunē |
lufunile, lufunē |
alufunanga |
olungafunanga |
lungafunanga |
| class 14 |
bufunile, bufunē |
obufunile, obufunē |
bufunile, bufunē |
abufunanga |
obungafunanga |
bungafunanga |
| class 15 |
kufunile, kufunē |
okufunile, okufunē |
kufunile, kufunē |
akufunanga |
okungafunanga |
kungafunanga |
| class 17 |
kufunile, kufunē |
okufunile, okufunē |
kufunile, kufunē |
akufunanga |
okungafunanga |
kungafunanga |
|
| remote past |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngāfuna |
engāfuna |
ngāfuna |
angifunanga |
engingafunanga |
ngingafunanga |
| 2nd singular |
wāfuna |
owāfuna |
wāfuna |
awufunanga |
ongafunanga |
ungafunanga |
| 1st plural |
sāfuna |
esāfuna |
sāfuna |
asifunanga |
esingafunanga |
singafunanga |
| 2nd plural |
nāfuna |
enāfuna |
nāfuna |
anifunanga |
eningafunanga |
ningafunanga |
| class 1 |
wāfuna |
owāfuna |
āfuna |
akafunanga |
ongafunanga |
engafunanga |
| class 2 |
bāfuna |
abāfuna |
bāfuna |
abafunanga |
abangafunanga |
bengafunanga |
| class 3 |
wāfuna |
owāfuna |
wāfuna |
awufunanga |
ongafunanga |
ungafunanga |
| class 4 |
yāfuna |
eyāfuna |
yāfuna |
ayifunanga |
engafunanga |
ingafunanga |
| class 5 |
lāfuna |
elāfuna |
lāfuna |
alifunanga |
elingafunanga |
lingafunanga |
| class 6 |
āfuna |
āfuna |
āfuna |
awafunanga |
angafunanga |
engafunanga |
| class 7 |
sāfuna |
esāfuna |
sāfuna |
asifunanga |
esingafunanga |
singafunanga |
| class 8 |
zāfuna |
ezāfuna |
zāfuna |
azifunanga |
ezingafunanga |
zingafunanga |
| class 9 |
yāfuna |
eyāfuna |
yāfuna |
ayifunanga |
engafunanga |
ingafunanga |
| class 10 |
zāfuna |
ezāfuna |
zāfuna |
azifunanga |
ezingafunanga |
zingafunanga |
| class 11 |
lwāfuna |
olwāfuna |
lwāfuna |
alufunanga |
olungafunanga |
lungafunanga |
| class 14 |
bāfuna |
obāfuna |
bāfuna |
abufunanga |
obungafunanga |
bungafunanga |
| class 15 |
kwāfuna |
okwāfuna |
kwāfuna |
akufunanga |
okungafunanga |
kungafunanga |
| class 17 |
kwāfuna |
okwāfuna |
kwāfuna |
akufunanga |
okungafunanga |
kungafunanga |
|
| potential |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngingafuna |
— |
ngingafuna |
ngingefune |
— |
ngingefune |
| 2nd singular |
ungafuna |
— |
ungafuna |
ungefune |
— |
ungefune |
| 1st plural |
singafuna |
— |
singafuna |
singefune |
— |
singefune |
| 2nd plural |
ningafuna |
— |
ningafuna |
ningefune |
— |
ningefune |
| class 1 |
angafuna |
— |
engafuna |
angefune |
— |
engefune |
| class 2 |
bangafuna |
— |
bengafuna |
bangefune |
— |
bengefune |
| class 3 |
ungafuna |
— |
ungafuna |
ungefune |
— |
ungefune |
| class 4 |
ingafuna |
— |
ingafuna |
ingefune |
— |
ingefune |
| class 5 |
lingafuna |
— |
lingafuna |
lingefune |
— |
lingefune |
| class 6 |
angafuna |
— |
engafuna |
angefune |
— |
engefune |
| class 7 |
singafuna |
— |
singafuna |
singefune |
— |
singefune |
| class 8 |
zingafuna |
— |
zingafuna |
zingefune |
— |
zingefune |
| class 9 |
ingafuna |
— |
ingafuna |
ingefune |
— |
ingefune |
| class 10 |
zingafuna |
— |
zingafuna |
zingefune |
— |
zingefune |
| class 11 |
lungafuna |
— |
lungafuna |
lungefune |
— |
lungefune |
| class 14 |
bungafuna |
— |
bungafuna |
bungefune |
— |
bungefune |
| class 15 |
kungafuna |
— |
kungafuna |
kungefune |
— |
kungefune |
| class 17 |
kungafuna |
— |
kungafuna |
kungefune |
— |
kungefune |
|
| immediate future |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngizofuna |
engizofuna |
ngizofuna |
angizufuna |
engingezufuna |
ngingezufuna |
| 2nd singular |
uzofuna |
ozofuna |
uzofuna |
awuzufuna |
ongezufuna |
ungezufuna |
| 1st plural |
sizofuna |
esizofuna |
sizofuna |
asizufuna |
esingezufuna |
singezufuna |
| 2nd plural |
nizofuna |
enizofuna |
nizofuna |
anizufuna |
eningezufuna |
ningezufuna |
| class 1 |
uzofuna |
ozofuna |
ezofuna |
akazufuna |
ongezufuna |
engezufuna |
| class 2 |
bazofuna |
abazofuna |
bezofuna |
abazufuna |
abangezufuna |
bengezufuna |
| class 3 |
uzofuna |
ozofuna |
uzofuna |
awuzufuna |
ongezufuna |
ungezufuna |
| class 4 |
izofuna |
ezofuna |
izofuna |
ayizufuna |
engezufuna |
ingezufuna |
| class 5 |
lizofuna |
elizofuna |
lizofuna |
alizufuna |
elingezufuna |
lingezufuna |
| class 6 |
azofuna |
azofuna |
ezofuna |
awazufuna |
angezufuna |
engezufuna |
| class 7 |
sizofuna |
esizofuna |
sizofuna |
asizufuna |
esingezufuna |
singezufuna |
| class 8 |
zizofuna |
ezizofuna |
zizofuna |
azizufuna |
ezingezufuna |
zingezufuna |
| class 9 |
izofuna |
ezofuna |
izofuna |
ayizufuna |
engezufuna |
ingezufuna |
| class 10 |
zizofuna |
ezizofuna |
zizofuna |
azizufuna |
ezingezufuna |
zingezufuna |
| class 11 |
luzofuna |
oluzofuna |
luzofuna |
aluzufuna |
olungezufuna |
lungezufuna |
| class 14 |
buzofuna |
obuzofuna |
buzofuna |
abuzufuna |
obungezufuna |
bungezufuna |
| class 15 |
kuzofuna |
okuzofuna |
kuzofuna |
akuzufuna |
okungezufuna |
kungezufuna |
| class 17 |
kuzofuna |
okuzofuna |
kuzofuna |
akuzufuna |
okungezufuna |
kungezufuna |
|
| remote future |
|
positive absolute |
positive relative |
positive participial |
negative absolute |
negative relative |
negative participial |
| 1st singular |
ngiyofuna |
engiyofuna |
ngiyofuna |
angiyufuna |
engingeyufuna |
ngingeyufuna |
| 2nd singular |
uyofuna |
oyofuna |
uyofuna |
awuyufuna |
ongeyufuna |
ungeyufuna |
| 1st plural |
siyofuna |
esiyofuna |
siyofuna |
asiyufuna |
esingeyufuna |
singeyufuna |
| 2nd plural |
niyofuna |
eniyofuna |
niyofuna |
aniyufuna |
eningeyufuna |
ningeyufuna |
| class 1 |
uyofuna |
oyofuna |
eyofuna |
akayufuna |
ongeyufuna |
engeyufuna |
| class 2 |
bayofuna |
abayofuna |
beyofuna |
abayufuna |
abangeyufuna |
bengeyufuna |
| class 3 |
uyofuna |
oyofuna |
uyofuna |
awuyufuna |
ongeyufuna |
ungeyufuna |
| class 4 |
iyofuna |
eyofuna |
iyofuna |
ayiyufuna |
engeyufuna |
ingeyufuna |
| class 5 |
liyofuna |
eliyofuna |
liyofuna |
aliyufuna |
elingeyufuna |
lingeyufuna |
| class 6 |
ayofuna |
ayofuna |
eyofuna |
awayufuna |
angeyufuna |
engeyufuna |
| class 7 |
siyofuna |
esiyofuna |
siyofuna |
asiyufuna |
esingeyufuna |
singeyufuna |
| class 8 |
ziyofuna |
eziyofuna |
ziyofuna |
aziyufuna |
ezingeyufuna |
zingeyufuna |
| class 9 |
iyofuna |
eyofuna |
iyofuna |
ayiyufuna |
engeyufuna |
ingeyufuna |
| class 10 |
ziyofuna |
eziyofuna |
ziyofuna |
aziyufuna |
ezingeyufuna |
zingeyufuna |
| class 11 |
luyofuna |
oluyofuna |
luyofuna |
aluyufuna |
olungeyufuna |
lungeyufuna |
| class 14 |
buyofuna |
obuyofuna |
buyofuna |
abuyufuna |
obungeyufuna |
bungeyufuna |
| class 15 |
kuyofuna |
okuyofuna |
kuyofuna |
akuyufuna |
okungeyufuna |
kungeyufuna |
| class 17 |
kuyofuna |
okuyofuna |
kuyofuna |
akuyufuna |
okungeyufuna |
kungeyufuna |
|
|
| present subjunctive |
|
positive |
negative |
| 1st singular |
ngifune |
ngingafuni |
| 2nd singular |
ufune |
ungafuni |
| 1st plural |
sifune |
singafuni |
| 2nd plural |
nifune |
ningafuni |
| class 1 |
afune |
angafuni |
| class 2 |
bafune |
bangafuni |
| class 3 |
ufune |
ungafuni |
| class 4 |
ifune |
ingafuni |
| class 5 |
lifune |
lingafuni |
| class 6 |
afune |
angafuni |
| class 7 |
sifune |
singafuni |
| class 8 |
zifune |
zingafuni |
| class 9 |
ifune |
ingafuni |
| class 10 |
zifune |
zingafuni |
| class 11 |
lufune |
lungafuni |
| class 14 |
bufune |
bungafuni |
| class 15 |
kufune |
kungafuni |
| class 17 |
kufune |
kungafuni |
|
|
| past subjunctive |
|
positive |
negative |
| 1st singular |
ngafuna |
ngangafuna, angafuna, angangafuna |
| 2nd singular |
wafuna |
wangafuna, awafuna, awangafuna |
| 1st plural |
safuna |
sangafuna, asafuna, asangafuna |
| 2nd plural |
nafuna |
nangafuna, anafuna, anangafuna |
| class 1 |
wafuna |
wangafuna, akafuna, akangafuna |
| class 2 |
bafuna |
bangafuna, abafuna, abangafuna |
| class 3 |
wafuna |
wangafuna, awafuna, awangafuna |
| class 4 |
yafuna |
yangafuna, ayafuna, ayangafuna |
| class 5 |
lafuna |
langafuna, alafuna, alangafuna |
| class 6 |
afuna |
angafuna, awafuna, awangafuna |
| class 7 |
safuna |
sangafuna, asafuna, asangafuna |
| class 8 |
zafuna |
zangafuna, azafuna, azangafuna |
| class 9 |
yafuna |
yangafuna, ayafuna, ayangafuna |
| class 10 |
zafuna |
zangafuna, azafuna, azangafuna |
| class 11 |
lwafuna |
lwangafuna, alwafuna, alwangafuna |
| class 14 |
bafuna |
bangafuna, abafuna, abangafuna |
| class 15 |
kwafuna |
kwangafuna, akwafuna, akwangafuna |
| class 17 |
kwafuna |
kwangafuna, akwafuna, akwangafuna |