fustigar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fustigāre, from Latin fustis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [fus.tiˈɣa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [fus.tiˈɣaɾ]

Verb

fustigar (first-person singular present fustigo, first-person singular preterite fustiguí, past participle fustigat)

1. (transitive) to flog, whip, lash, beat with force

   Synonym: assotar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fustigar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			fustigar
gerund			fustigant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fustigat		fustigada
		plural		fustigats		fustigades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	fustigo	fustigues	fustiga	fustiguem	fustigueu	fustiguen
	imperfect	fustigava	fustigaves	fustigava	fustigàvem	fustigàveu	fustigaven
	future	fustigaré	fustigaràs	fustigarà	fustigarem	fustigareu	fustigaran
	preterite	fustiguí	fustigares	fustigà	fustigàrem	fustigàreu	fustigaren
	conditional	fustigaria	fustigaries	fustigaria	fustigaríem	fustigaríeu	fustigarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	fustigui	fustiguis	fustigui	fustiguem	fustigueu	fustiguin
	imperfect	fustigués	fustiguessis	fustigués	fustiguéssim	fustiguéssiu	fustiguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	fustiga	fustigui	fustiguem	fustigueu	fustiguin
	negative (no)	—	no fustiguis	no fustigui	no fustiguem	no fustigueu	no fustiguin

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Late Latin fūstīgāre, from Latin fūstis.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /fuʃ.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [fuʃ.t͡ʃiˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuʃ.tiˈɡaɾ/ [fuʃ.tiˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuʃ.tiˈɡaɾ/ [fuʃ.tiˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuʃ.tiˈɡa.ɾi/ [fuʃ.tiˈɣa.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: fus‧ti‧gar

Verb

fustigar (first-person singular present fustigo, first-person singular preterite fustiguei, past participle fustigado)

1. (transitive) to flog, whip, lash, beat with force

   Synonym: açoitar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fustigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	fustigar
Personal	fustigar	fustigares	fustigar	fustigarmos	fustigardes	fustigarem
Gerund
	fustigando
Past participle
Masculine	fustigado			fustigados
Feminine	fustigada			fustigadas
Indicative
Present	fustigo	fustigas	fustiga	fustigamos	fustigais	fustigam
Imperfect	fustigava	fustigavas	fustigava	fustigávamos	fustigáveis	fustigavam
Preterite	fustiguei	fustigaste	fustigou	fustigamos1, fustigámos2	fustigastes	fustigaram
Pluperfect	fustigara	fustigaras	fustigara	fustigáramos	fustigáreis	fustigaram
Future	fustigarei	fustigarás	fustigará	fustigaremos	fustigareis	fustigarão
Conditional	fustigaria	fustigarias	fustigaria	fustigaríamos	fustigaríeis	fustigariam
Subjunctive
Present	fustigue	fustigues	fustigue	fustiguemos	fustigueis	fustiguem
Imperfect	fustigasse	fustigasses	fustigasse	fustigássemos	fustigásseis	fustigassem
Future	fustigar	fustigares	fustigar	fustigarmos	fustigardes	fustigarem
Imperative
Affirmative		fustiga	fustigue	fustiguemos	fustigai	fustiguem
Negative (não)		não fustigues	não fustigue	não fustiguemos	não fustigueis	não fustiguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “fustigar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2025
• “fustigar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “fustigar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2025
• “fustigar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fustigāre, from Latin fustis. Compare the inherited doublet hostigar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fustiˈɡaɾ/ [fus.t̪iˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: fus‧ti‧gar

Verb

fustigar (first-person singular present fustigo, first-person singular preterite fustigué, past participle fustigado)

1. (transitive) to whip

   Synonym: azotar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of fustigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			fustigar
gerund			fustigando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		fustigado		fustigada
		plural		fustigados		fustigadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	fustigo	fustigastú fustigásvos	fustiga	fustigamos	fustigáis	fustigan
	imperfect	fustigaba	fustigabas	fustigaba	fustigábamos	fustigabais	fustigaban
	preterite	fustigué	fustigaste	fustigó	fustigamos	fustigasteis	fustigaron
	future	fustigaré	fustigarás	fustigará	fustigaremos	fustigaréis	fustigarán
	conditional	fustigaría	fustigarías	fustigaría	fustigaríamos	fustigaríais	fustigarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	fustigue	fustiguestú fustiguésvos2	fustigue	fustiguemos	fustiguéis	fustiguen
	imperfect (ra)	fustigara	fustigaras	fustigara	fustigáramos	fustigarais	fustigaran
	imperfect (se)	fustigase	fustigases	fustigase	fustigásemos	fustigaseis	fustigasen
	future1	fustigare	fustigares	fustigare	fustigáremos	fustigareis	fustigaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		fustigatú fustigávos	fustigue	fustiguemos	fustigad	fustiguen
	negative		no fustigues	no fustigue	no fustiguemos	no fustiguéis	no fustiguen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of fustigar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive fustigar	dative	fustigarme	fustigarte	fustigarle, fustigarse	fustigarnos	fustigaros	fustigarles, fustigarse
	accusative	fustigarme	fustigarte	fustigarlo, fustigarla, fustigarse	fustigarnos	fustigaros	fustigarlos, fustigarlas, fustigarse
with gerund fustigando	dative	fustigándome	fustigándote	fustigándole, fustigándose	fustigándonos	fustigándoos	fustigándoles, fustigándose
	accusative	fustigándome	fustigándote	fustigándolo, fustigándola, fustigándose	fustigándonos	fustigándoos	fustigándolos, fustigándolas, fustigándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative fustiga	dative	fustígame	fustígate	fustígale	fustíganos	not used	fustígales
	accusative	fustígame	fustígate	fustígalo, fustígala	fustíganos	not used	fustígalos, fustígalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative fustigá	dative	fustigame	fustigate	fustigale	fustiganos	not used	fustigales
	accusative	fustigame	fustigate	fustigalo, fustigala	fustiganos	not used	fustigalos, fustigalas
with formal second-person singular imperative fustigue	dative	fustígueme	not used	fustíguele, fustíguese	fustíguenos	not used	fustígueles
	accusative	fustígueme	not used	fustíguelo, fustíguela, fustíguese	fustíguenos	not used	fustíguelos, fustíguelas
with first-person plural imperative fustiguemos	dative	not used	fustiguémoste	fustiguémosle	fustiguémonos	fustiguémoos	fustiguémosles
	accusative	not used	fustiguémoste	fustiguémoslo, fustiguémosla	fustiguémonos	fustiguémoos	fustiguémoslos, fustiguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative fustigad	dative	fustigadme	not used	fustigadle	fustigadnos	fustigaos	fustigadles
	accusative	fustigadme	not used	fustigadlo, fustigadla	fustigadnos	fustigaos	fustigadlos, fustigadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative fustiguen	dative	fustíguenme	not used	fustíguenle	fustíguennos	not used	fustíguenles, fustíguense
	accusative	fustíguenme	not used	fustíguenlo, fustíguenla	fustíguennos	not used	fustíguenlos, fustíguenlas, fustíguense

Further reading

• “fustigar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024